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uate the disquietude from which Europe had already suffered long enough. The third objection referred to the too great extension of the small neighboring States. Not only was it not against the interests of Austria-Hungary that these communities should improve and better their condition, but, on the contrary, this country had cooperated at the Conference with those who urged that Montenegro should receive some increase of territory; but extension must neither be in such measure nor in such a direction as to interfere with Austria's natural lines of communication with the East, and be, as it were, a stimulus to further aspirations calculated to cause continual disquietude and agitation. In pointing out these objections, the Minister said he only wished to indicate the general direction he had followed and would adhere to without any mental reservation at the Congress. He had given frank expression to these views in St. Petersburg and elsewhere.

The Austrian and Hungarian Delegations met in Pesth on November 7th. In reply to an address from the Delegations the Emperor said:

On May 25th the Austrian Government occupied, at the request of the Turkish Government, the fortress of Ada Kaleh on the Dan-Herzegovina should be intrusted to Austro-Hunube. The fortress is situated on an island which extends along the Austrian bank of the Danube, from which it is separated only by a small branch of the river; while the main

stream lies between it and the Servian shore opposite. The island till the middle of the last century formed part of the Austrian territory, and not only does most of the fortress date from that time, but even some of the original guns remain.

The session of the Austrian Delegation was closed on June 8th after the common budget, amounting to 106,673,466 florins, had been passed. The Austrian Reichsrath, after the passage of the compromise bill (see HUNGARY) was closed on June 28th.

In the beginning of July Freiherr von Zollheim, the Cis-Leithan Minister of the Interior, resigned on account of ill health, and Prince Auersperg was temporarily intrusted with the department.

On July 30th the Austrian army, in accordance with the provision of the treaty of Berlin, entered Bosnia. (See TURKEY.)

The Reichsrath reassembled on October 22d. In the Lower House the President thanked the army for its bravery, heroism, and self-sacrifice, and his remarks were received with loud cheers. The Austrian estimates for 1879, which were distributed to the members, showed a reduction of 12,000,000 florins in the expenditure, and a decrease of 4,000,000 florins in the revenue, as compared with 1878.

In view of the great task which awaits you in the present session, receive with double satisfaction the assurances of your loyal sentiments. The situation was an earnest one when the Delegations last assembled. Events in the East had entered into a decisive phase; we stood on the eve of a Congress which was to bring the results of the war into harmony with the requirements of the European balance of power, and with the interests of the Monarchy, which were closely affected. With a patriotism deserving my thanks, at that earnest moment the means were given my Government which enabled it to make its influence successfully felt in both directions during and after the Congress. It is a matter of sincere satisfaction to me that the Congress succeeded in averting the imminent danger of a European war. The consistent and general fulfillment of the Treaty of Berlin, for which my Government will loyally stand up, is calculated to effectually prevent the return of the dangers which threatened the peace of Europe and our own interests. The Powers assembled in Berlin decided that the occupation and administration of Bosnia and gary. I accepted this task; but I regret that, in consequeuce of the deep-rooted confusion in the internal state of those countries, it was not possible to carry out the work of occupation peacefully. The posed to our good intentions yielded in a short time resistance, however, which anarchical elements opto the bravery of my troops. On this occasion the army, based on general liability to military service, stood the test brilliantly. I congratulate you on its success, gentlemen, as representatives of those peoples from the midst of whom the army has issued, and likewise as members of those representative bodies who have supported my Government with discrimination and patriotism in the development of the defensive power of the Monarchy. The prompt and thorough solution of our military task has freed the populations of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the terrorism of agitators, and has made it possible for me to order the recall of a considerable portion of the army of occupation. It will now be the earnest endeavor of my Government to harmonize the sacrifices demanded by this task with the financial condition of the Monarchy, and to hasten the time when the administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina may be supported by the revenues of these countries. The hope that this will succeed appears all the better founded, as our relations to all the Powers continue to be most excellent. Gentlemen, great are the sacrifices demanded of you; great historical events, to prevent which lay not in the power of any single State, have claimed from the Monarchy unusual exertions; but I am animated by the condiscrimination of their representatives will prove fidence that the patriotism of my peoples and the equal to the greatness of the historical occasion. I am convinced that you will unite your efforts with those of my Government in order that the work begun in the interest of European peace and the prosperity and dignity of the Monarchy may be happily terminated. In this firm confidence, I wish you success in your work and greet you heartily.

B

The following is a summary of the statistics of the Regular Baptist churches in the United States, as they are given in the 66 American Baptist Year Book" for 1878:

STATES AND TERRITO-
RIES.

Alabama..
Arkansas.
California..

Connecticut..
Dakota..
Delaware.

BACK, Sir GEORGE, Admiral, a distinguished Arctic navigator, died on Sunday, June 23d, at the age of 81. Born in 1796 he entered the royal navy in 1808, and the following year was taken prisoner by the French and kept in captivity for five years. In 1819 he accompanied Franklin on his hazardous expedition from Hudson's Bay to the mouth of the Coppermine, and thence eastward along the northern coast of America. During this journey of Colorado. over 1,000 miles, on foot and in canoes, with the mercury often 57° below zero, Back displayed consummate fortitude and the highest District of Columbia. degree of sagacity; indeed, Franklin attributed to the personal exertions of Back the ultimate safety of the expedition. He was promoted to a lieutenancy in 1821. In 1825 he was again with Franklin in the Arctic regions, seeking to make the northwest passage. Again, the safe return of the expedition was mainly attributable to Back's fertility of resource and indomitable force of will. He was promoted to the rank of commander in 1825. In 1833 he commanded an expedition to search for Sir Mississippi John Ross, then in the north-polar regions. He was again in the Arctic seas in the year 1836-37. On his return to England he retired from active service. He was knighted in 1839; attained flag rank in 1857, and the rank of admiral in 1867.

Michigan
Minnesota.

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Florida..
Georgia
Idaho

276

184

17,918

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205,806

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Illinois.

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Indiana

556

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Indian Territory.

90

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Iowa..

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Kansas

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Kentucky

1,653

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Louisiana.

715

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Maine....

261

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Massachusetts

.290

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BAPTISTS. I. REGULAR BAPTISTS IN THE UNITED STATES.-The whole number of associations in 1878 was 1,048; number of additions to the churches by baptism, 102,292; Tennessee. total increase of members during the year, 91,839; number of Sunday schools, 10, 422; of officers and teachers in the same, 96,850; of Sunday-school scholars, 806,317; total amount of benevolent contributions, $4,318,888.77. The ten theological institutions returned 40 instructors, with 459 students, all preparing for the ministry; property valued at $1,845,547, and endowment funds of $1,360,545, from which $57,127 of income were realized. Thirty-one colleges and universities returned 264 instructors, of whom 42 were women, and 4,793 students, of whom 850 were women, and 573 were studying for the ministry. The property of these institutions was valued at $7,465,691, and their aggregate endowment funds were $3,307,770, yielding annual incomes amounting to $175,628. The number of academies, seminaries, institutes, and female colleges returned in the "Year Book" is 46, with 285 instructors, of whom 172 were women, and 4,286 students, of whom 2,556 were women, and 362 were preparing for the ministry. These schools returned a total property valuation of $2,392,585, and ten of them had endowment funds amounting to $352,000, and yielding a total income of $10,450.

16

The anniversaries of the Northern Baptist societies of the United States were held at Cleveland, Ohio, beginning with that of the Ameri can Baptist Publication Society, which held its fifty-fourth meeting May 28th. The receipts of this Society for the year have been $264,059 in the business department, and $40,551 in the missionary department; in all, $304,610. Twenty-two new publications had been issued, making the whole number of works on the catalogues of the Society's publications 1,151. The total issues of the year were equal to 305,727,245 pages 18mo, and since its organization in 1824 the Society had published 86,664,123 copies of books, tracts, and periodicals.

The forty-sixth annual meeting of the American Baptist Home Mission Society was held May 29th. The receipts of the Society for the year had been $175,209, showing a falling off

of $14,614 from the previous year, and the disbursements had been $174,119. The indebtedness was now $45,433, having increased $4,980 during the year. There were 222 missionaries under appointment of the Society, who reported 19,140 persons in the Sunday schools under their care, and had baptized 1,834 persons. The churches aided by the Society had contributed $5,911 to benevolent objects. A new school for freedmen had been opened at Natchez, Miss., making the whole number of schools for the education of preachers and teachers among these people eight, with 35 teachers and 1,056 students. The property of the schools was all paid for, and free from encumbrances. Applications had been made for an increase of the teaching force, which the Board, for want of means, had seldom been able to grant. A school had been asked for in Alabama, which could not be provided for the same reason. This Society has been assigned by the Government to the charge of the Union Mission in the Indian Territory, embracing Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles, numbering 56,700 persons; and it has also churches among the Delawares, Sacs and Foxes, Ottawas, Nez Percés, and Miamis. A resolution was adopted remonstrating against the transfer of the Indian Bureau from the Department of the Interior to that of War, except under the guarantee that the Indians should not thereby be deprived of the care of the religious associations under which the recent policy of the Government had placed them. The mission among the Chinese in California had been carried on in cooperation with one of the churches in San Francisco. This arrangement would cease in July, when the Board hoped to put the work in charge of a suitably qualified missionary. The missionary work among the German populations in the United States was carried on in coöperation with the Eastern and Western German Baptist Conferences, which bore one half the expense. The Society also labored among the Scandinavians and the French. The appointment of a superintendent of missions to freedmen, and cooperation with the Southern Baptists in promoting ministers' institutes among the freedmen, were approved.

The sixty-fourth annual meeting of the American Baptist Missionary Union was held May 30th. The whole amount paid in to the treasury of the Society during the year had been $278,723, of which $13,044 was for additions to the invested funds. The sum applicable to the payment of the current expenses of the year was $217,992, but the expenditure had exceeded this sum, and the treasury was in debt $26,489. There were 140 missionaries employed in Burmah, Assam, the Telugu country, China, Japan, France, Germany, Sweden, and Spain, with 956 native_helpers; and they reported 793 churches and 63,145 members. The enterprise of the Southern Baptist Convention in buying a church at Rome was com

mended to the liberality of the people of the Northern churches.

The anniversary of the Woman's Baptist Home Missionary Society was held May 29th. The report dealt chiefly with the history of the organization of the Society, which was. effected February 1, 1877. Its object is to cooperate with the American Baptist Home Missionary Society. Its total receipts for the year had been $6,337, and its expenditures $3,401.56. Auxiliaries had been formed in fourteen States and Territories, and contributions had been received from nearly every Northern State. The Society had nine missionaries in the field-five in the Southern States and four among the American Indians.

A meeting of representatives of the three societies of Baptist women, organized for the promotion of foreign missions, the Society of the East, the Society of the West, and the Society of the Pacific Coast, was held at Cleveland, Ohio, May 30th. The Society of the East reported a balance in the treasury of $2,000, and under its care in the Asiatic missions, 24 missionaries, 25 Bible-readers, and 34 schools, with 834 pupils. The Society embraced 618 circles and 99 mission hands; its receipts for the year had been $14,318; and it had had ten missionaries under appointment, and sustained two schools at Ongole.

The twenty-third meeting of the Southern Baptist Convention was held at Nashville, Tenn., beginning May 9th. The Rev. J. P. Boyce, D. D., presided. The report of the Foreign Mission Board showed that its total receipts for the year from all sources had been $35,710.45, of which $1,123 had been contributed for the fund for the chapel in Rome. The expenditures had been $22,182.41, divided among missions in Europe, China, and Africa. The Board possessed an invested fund of $18,200, and owed debts of $4,500. A church had been bought for the Italian mission in Rome, in the neighborhood of the Pantheon and the University of Rome, for the sum of $28,500 in gold, to be paid within six months. Five thousand dollars were still needed to complete the payment, and an equal amount would be required to complete certain improvements which it would be necessary to make in the church. The sum of $7,500 was obtained in the Convention. The receipts of the Home Mission Board had been $11,949, and the sum of $4,535.76 had been paid to missionaries. Thirty-seven churches and 75 other stations had been supplied, and 39 Sunday schools conducted, with 112 teachers and 1,228 pupils. A report was made of the progress of the work of education among the Indians. An offer of land had been made to the Board for the advancement of this work, which the Board was advised to accept, with the view of establishing a manual-labor school. The duty of the Convention toward the colored people was the subject of a special report, which repeated a recommendation made in the previous year

that ministers' institutes be organized among these people, and the ministers of the Convention give their special attention to the same, and advised that the circulation of religious literature among them and their instruction in denominational doctrines be looked after. The Convention commended the organization of woman's missionary societies, and advised that they be made auxiliary to the regular boards for home and foreign missions. Progress was reported on the effort to raise funds for the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, formerly at Greenville, S. C., now at Louisville, Ky. The churches of Kentucky had undertaken to raise the sum of $300,000 for the endowment of the seminary, provided the other Southern States would raise $200,000. The sum of $284,000 had been raised in Kentucky, and between $65,000 and $70,000 in the other States. The seminary had been attended during the year by about ninety students, and had graduated five in the full course and four in the English courses.

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Central Illinois.

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Minnesota

54 2,287

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Minnesota Southern..

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Iowa

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Iowa Northern.

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Kansas..

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Northern Kansas and Southern Ne

braska..

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Virginia Free Baptist Association.
Louisiana.
Ontario, P. Q....

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American Association..

275

Union Association...

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Quarterly meetings not connected with
a yearly meeting...

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Wisconsin.

Churches not connected.

Total...

A National Colored Baptist Convention met at Nashville, Tenn., June 6th, for the purpose of discussing measures for the advancement of education among the members of the colored churches in the South. Delegates were in attendance from Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Virginia, and Indiana. The Rev. N. G. Merry, of Nashville, Tenn., presided. A constitution was adopted for a "National Colored Bap- Bengal and Orissa.. tist Missionary and Educational Convention, which shall hold annual meetings, and the objects of which were declared to be: "1st, the establishment of a book depository and religious publishing house; 2d, cooperation with the American Baptist Home Mission Society in its work of educating the freedmen; and 3d, the establishment and support of a religious newspaper in the interest of truth and the colored Baptist churches." Arrangements were made to publish an address to the white Baptists of the North and South, setting forth the appreciation entertained by the Convention of the assistance which they had given to the colored people, and requesting a continuance of their liberality; and an address to the colored Baptist churches, North and South, urging them to encourage a higher standard of religious worship, and to recognize the importance and necessity of education and morality among their people. The organization of a firm to be known as the Colored Baptist Repository and Publishing Company of the United States, for the publication of religious literature, was determined upon. The "Baptist Herald," Paducah, Ky., was designated as the organ of the Conven

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1,449 1,282 75,686

The Kentucky Yearly Meeting, having 18 churches, 15 ordained preachers, and 725 communicants, has been formed out of yearly meetings whose statistics are included in the foregoing table, since their returns were made up. The number of yearly meetings is 39; of quarterly meetings, 167; number of licensed preachers, 152.

Besides the societies included in the Freewill Baptist Church, there are a number of associations of Baptists in America which in doctrine and polity are in general agreement with the Freewill Baptists. Among them are several associations of General Baptists in Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and some adjoining States, numbering several thousand members, in support of whose doctrines and polity a weekly paper is published at Oakland, Ind. A body called the Southern Baptist Association held its first session at Friendship Church, Wayne County, N. C., in September, 1877, and represented 66 churches, 68 ministers, and 3,108 members. Corresponding bodies in Georgia, South Carolina, and Tennessee, with more than 50 ministers and churches and 2,000 members, are mentioned in its report. The "Baptist Review," La Grange, N. C., is the periodical organ of these people. The Freewill Baptist

churches in Tennessee, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, and Texas, agreeing with this church in doctrine but having no organic connection with it, number several thousand members. It is thought that the total number of members of these outside bodies will not fall far short of 25,000. The list of Freewill Baptist institutions of learning for 1878 includes the following colleges and schools: Bates College, Lewiston, Me.-Rev. Oren B. Cheney, D. D., President; Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Mich.Rev. D. W. C. Durgin, D. D., President; West Virginia College, Flemington, W. Va.-Rev. W. Calegrove, A. M., President; Ridgeville College, Ridgeville, Ind.-Rev. S. D. Bates, A. M., President; Storer College, Harper's Ferry, W. Va. (normal and academic departments in operation); Rio Grande College, Rio Grande, Ohio; Nichol's Latin School, Lewiston, Me.; New Hampton Institution, New Hampton, N. H.; Austin Academy, Center Stafford, N. H.; Whitestown Seminary, Whitestown, N. Y.; Pike Seminary, Pike, Wyoming County, N. Y.; Rochester Seminary, Rochester, Wis.; Wilton Collegiate Institute, Wilton, Iowa; Maine Central Institute, Pittsfield, Me.; Lyndon Literary and Biblical Institute, Lyndon Center, Vt.; Randall Academy, Berlin, Ohio; Green Mountain Seminary, Waterbury Center, Vt.; Lapham Institute, North Scituate, R. I.

The "Morning Star," weekly, the "Little Star" and "The Myrtle," Sunday-school papers, "Lesson Papers for Sunday Schools," and a variety of denominational books, are published at the printing establishment in Dover, N. H.

The anniversary meetings of the benevolent societies of the church were held at Lyndon Center, Vt., in the first week of October. The receipts and expenditures of the Foreign Missionary Society had been each $18,345.98, and the net indebtedness of the Society was $5,020, being $1,026 less than the amount reported at the previous anniversary. The sum of $26,320 had been subscribed for the foundation of a Biblical school in connection with the mission in India, of which $25,000 had been secured by payment and interest-bearing notes. The school, it was expected, would be opened in March, 1879. Four missionaries had sailed for their field of labor in October, 1877, two of whom had been sent by the women of Rhode Island and New Brunswick. The total receipts of the Woman's Missionary Society had been $5,596, and its expenditures $3,671. Many new auxiliaries and bands had been organized, and a general agent of the Society reported that forty-three such associations had been organized under her direction. The sum of $1,460 had been contributed for the school at Harper's Ferry, W. Va.

III. THE SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS.-The Seventh-Day Baptist General Conference met for its sixty-fourth annual session at Plainfield, N. J., September 25th. Elder W. C. Whitford presided. Fifty-two churches were represented by letter, and three churches applied for and VOL. XVIII.-4 A

were granted admission to the Conference; among them, one at Haarlem, Holland. The Executive Board of the Sabbath-school department reported that the total number of Sabbath schools in the Church was 84, and the total number of members in the Sabbath schools was 7,018. The trustees of the Seventh-Day Baptist Memorial Fund reported that no change had taken place in the amount and condition of the fund, but that its income had been reduced in consequence of the shrinkage of rental values, in which all property suffered. A paper was read, which had been prepared by the order of a previous Conference, on "The Difference between the Seventh-Day Baptists and the Seventh-Day Adventists." The principal points of difference were shown to be relative to the spiritual nature of man, on which the doctrine of the Seventh-Day Baptists is more clearly in accord with that of the so-called orthodox churches than that of the Seventh-Day Adventists, and on the nature of the final retribution of the sinner. The subject of preparing an exposition of the principles of the denomination, which was standing over on a minority report made to the previous General Conference, was referred, with the report, to a committee, who were instructed to report upon it to the next Conference. Resolutions were adopted asserting the importance of maintaining unity of faith and Christian coöperation, and of guarding against every tendency to disintegration among the churches of the denomination, which were described as widely scattered throughout the United States, Great Britain, Holland, and "thus constantly brought into contact with various forms of religious error and skepticism"; and declaring that the Church is the only organization through which all moral and religious reforms should be carried on, and that the Sabbath reform, "both in respect to the day and the manner of observance, is one of the most important reforms of the age.

"

The annual meetings of the Missionary, Tract, and Education Societies were held in connection with the meeting of the Conference. The Missionary Society had to consider a proposition for the transfer of its work to the General Conference. A report was adopted, declaring the full transfer inexpedient, but recognizing that a change in its Constitution, which would make all the members of the Conference members of the Missionary Society, was desirable. An amendment to the Constitution was proposed, under the operation of which the members of the Society shall consist of the delegates to the General Conference in Conference assembled, together with all other persons who have become life members by the payment of $25. The Missionary Board was instructed to continue its efforts to secure a laborer for the mission in China, which has been for a long time without a missionary, and send him to that field as soon as practicable. The proceedings of the meeting of the Tract Society showed

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