Sir, B. FRANKLIN TO C. W. F. DUMAS. Philadelphia, October 1st, 1776. I have just time to acknowledge the receipt of your two packets, with the pamphlets enclosed, the contents of which are very satisfactory. You will hear from me more fully in a little time. With great esteem, I am, sir, &c., B. FRANKLIN. P. S. We have a great force brought against us here, but continue firm. SILAS DEANE TO C. W. F. DUMAS. Paris, October 3d, 1776. Dear Sir, Since my last, in which I mentioned the King of Prussia, I have obtained a method of sounding that monarch's sentiments more directly through another channel, which voluntarily offering I have accepted, and therefore waive writing on the subject for the present any thing, save that you may undoubtedly serve the United States of America most essentially in this affair in a few weeks from this. The attention to my business here, which is not merely political, but partly commercial, the critical situation of affairs at this Court, and the anxious suspense for the events at New York and Canada, have actually fixed me here; and the having received no intelligence for some time past has well nigh distracted me. I have, however, favorable prospects, and the most confirmed hopes of effecting my views in Europe. I am too much engaged to say more in this, and will be more particular in my next. I am, &c., SILAS DEANE. SILAS DEANE TO C. W. F. DUMAS. Paris, October 6th, 1776. Sir, Yours of the 1st instant I received, and observe by the contents that Mr. Lee is returned to London. I have not seen Mr. Ellis. In answer to your queries, first, a reconciliation between Great Britain and the United States of America is improbable ever to take place; it is absolutely impossible until after the sitting of Parliament. Secondly, Admiral Howe joined his brother early in August, and sent on shore to General Washington a letter, which was returned unopened, as no title was given to General Washington; a second was sent, and met the same fate. The Congress justified the General in his conduct, and ordered him to receive no letters except they were directed to him with his proper title. Lord Howe sent to the Governors of several Colonies his proclamation, which, by the army and people of New York, was treated with contempt and ridicule. Thus matters continued until the 20th of August, when General Howe had collected his whole force, and was preparing to attack New York. On the other side, all the eminences and advantageous posts near the city were secured and fortified, and the Americans strongly entrenched on them, the city of New York fortified with batteries next to the water, and all the principal streets with barriers across them, and at the same time the houses filled with combustibles ready to be set on fire should the city be found tenable. The two men-of-war which had passed up the river above the city were returned terribly damaged by attacking a battery. This, in a word, was the state of affairs in New York on the 20th of August, from which important news may be expected every hour. Thirdly, I know what Dr. Franklin's sentiments were when I left America, and that nothing but a miracle could convert him to wish for an accommodation on other terms than the independence of the Colonies. Depend upon it, my good friend, the Ministry of Great Britain labor incessantly to propagate stories of an accommodation; for it is well known that they despair of reducing the Colonies by arms this campaign, at the close of which the national debt will amount to nearly £150,000,000 sterling, part of which will remain unfunded; and where are their resources for supporting the next campaign? He that can discover the philosopher's stone can answer. To your fourth query you will excuse my answering more than that your conjecture is not far out of the way. My letter will inform you why I must still delay sending what I promised you the 14th ultimo. In the mean time, sir, you may add to indigo and rice, tobacco, logwood, redwood, sugar, coffee, cotton, and other West India produce, which pass through the hands of the North Ameri cans, in payment for their supplies to the West India Islands, which cannot exist without their produce. Also, in course of trade, spermaceti oil and salt fish may be supplied to Prussia and Germany as cheap, or cheaper, from the Colonies than from Holland and Germany. The United Colonies exported to Europe chiefly, indeed to Great Britain, fish oil, whalebone, spermaceti, furs, and peltry of every kind; masts, spars, and timber; pot and pearl ashes; flaxseed, beef, pork, butter, and cheese; horses and oxen; to the West Indies chiefly wheat flour, bread, rye, Indian corn, lumber, tobacco, iron, naval stores, beeswax, rice, and indigo, &c., &c., to the amount of more than £4,000,000 sterling annually, and for some years past, and received the pay in European manufactures; and when I remind you that the inhabitants of that country double their number every twenty years, and inform you that this exportation has increased for the last century in the same ratio, you will be able to form some idea of this commerce, and of how much importance it is to Europe. I hope, by the coming post, to send you some favorable news from America, and I may not add to this without missing the post. I am, with the most sincere esteem, dear sir, your most obedient servant, SILAS DEANE. Sir, SILAS DEANE TO C. W. F. DUMAS. Paris, October 9th, 1776. I wrote you by last post. This comes by Mr. Carmichael, a gentleman of Maryland, in America, who has for some time lived with and assisted me in my business. You can have the fullest confidence in him, and as he knows I place the most absolute in you, it would be trifling to swell a letter with news or observations, of both which he can viva voce satisfy you. He will communicate to you his business in Holland, and I am sure you will assist him to the utmost of your power. He can tell you what an anxious and laborious life I lead here; and, what adds to my misfortune, how impossible it is, in the present critical situation of affairs, for me to quit this post for a single day; much more it is as yet impossible for me to leave long enough to visit you in Holland, which having long promised to myself, and anticipated with pleasure, the disappointment greatly chagrins me. To have so kind and hospitable, and, at the same time, so judicious and safe a friend inviting me to what must at once yield me the purest pleasure and the most solid advantage, viz., an interview, and not to be able to profit by it at once, is a misfortune I feel most sensibly. Mr. Carmichael can give you the best intelligence of our present affairs in America, and his observations and inferences will be from the best grounds, and made with precision and judgment. My most grateful and respectful acknowledgments to your lady, whom I yet may have the honor of waiting on in the course of a month. I have the honor to be, &c., SILAS DEANE. SILAS DEANE TO C. W. F. DUMAS. Paris, October 13th, 1776. Sir, Before the receipt of this you will have seen Mr. Carmichael, to whom I refer you on many subjects. Yours of the 8th I received since his departure, and have only to ask of you to procure the proper testimonials of this very extraordinary and cruel proceeding at H, respecting Mr. Shoemaker, a family of which name I knew in Philadelphia. These testimonials will be a proper ground to go upon in demanding satisfaction, which I do not think, however, had best be asked, until the independence of the Colonies has been formally announced; and proper powers for this step have been delayed strangely, or, perhaps, interrupted. Your zeal in this cause reflects honor on your private as well as public sentiments of justice and rectitude, and I will transmit to the honorable Congress of the United States in my first letters a copy of your memoir. I am still without intelligence of any kind from America, save that on the 20th of August a battle was hourly expected at New York. No prospect of reconciliation. The British forces in Canada are not likely to effect any thing this season; and, consequently, all hopes in England rest on the event of a single action at New York, which the public are made to believe will prove decisive; and so it may, if the fate of the day should be for us, and the enemy have no retreat or resources in America; but by no means decisive if it incline the other way. I trouble you with the enclosed for Mr. Carmichael. I am, with great respect, &c., SILAS DEANE. Sir, WILLIAM CARMICHAEL TO C. W. F. DUMAS. Amsterdam, October 22d, 1776. I enclose a letter which I expected to deliver ere this in person. I arrived here last Friday, and had so many inquiries to make to gratify Mr. Deane's curiosity, that it has not been in my power to attend to you so soon as I could wish. For fear that I should not be able to leave this to-morrow, to do myself the honor of waiting upon you, I have sent this letter. When I come to the Hague, I shall put up at the Hotel de Turenne, where you will do me much pleasure to leave your address particularly. The knowledge I have had of you for many months, by Mr. Deane and others, makes me regret every moment that delays me here, and denies me the pleasure of assuring you in person how much I am, what every true American is, your very humble servant, WILLIAM CARMICHAEL. COMMITTEE OF SECRET CORRESPONDENCE TO C. W. F. DUMAS. Sir, Philadelphia, October 24th, 1776. Our worthy friend, Dr. Franklin, being indefatigable in the labor of his country, and few men so qualified to be useful to the community of which he is a member, you will not be surprised that the unanimous voice of the congress of delegates from the United States of America has called upon him to visit the Court of France, in the character of one of their Commissioners for negociating a treaty of alliance, &c., with that nation. He is the bearer of this letter, and on his arrival will forward it. To him we refer you for in formation as to the political state of this country; our design in addressing you at this time being only to continue that correspondence which he has opened and conducted hitherto on our behalf. We request to hear from you frequently; and if you make use of the cypher, the Doctor has communicated the knowledge of it to one of our members. Your letters, via, St. Eustatia, directed to the Committee of Secret Correspondence, then put under a cover to Mr. Robert Morris, merchant, Philadelphia, and that letter covered to |