a general memoir of the Huguenots of France, in writing a history of North Carolina, or of the Jesuit organization, in a narrative of Canadian colonization? Such a relation the Moravians bear to Ohio, and the theme is in all respects too attractive, not to have yielded to the temptation of fullness in detail. Indeed, the principal embarrassment has been, not to seek, but how to decline, the materials for the present episode.11

We have the authority of James Patrick, Esq., of New Philadelphia, that the present site of Shoenbrun is about two miles south of New Philadelphia, in Tuscarawas county; seven (Heckewelder says ten) miles farther south, was Gnadenhutten, in the immediate vicinity of the present village

11) This sketch of the Moravians, prior to their occupation of Ohio in 1772, has been mostly compiled from Loskiel's History of the Missions in North America, Graham's Colonial History of the United States, Bancroft's History, Heckewelder's Narrative, Howe's Pennsylvania, the Religious Encyclopedia and John Wesley's Journal. The work of Loskiel appears to be the fountain from which subsequent writers have drawn. The best compilation of his work is Graham's Colonization of America, to whose paraphrase this chapter is greatly indebted. Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac has also supplied some particulars of the excitement in Pennsylvania in 1764, which were not attainable elsewhere. Graham's work has never been appreciated. The author was a Scotchman, who never visited this country, but being a lover of civil and religious freedom, as well as a consummate scholar and jurist, his attention was turned to the early planting of the American States; and by an intelligent and assiduous investigation of the historical archives of England, France, Holland and Germany, he was enabled to produce and perfect a work, accurate, liberal, authoritative and attractive. Himself strongly religious by temperament and habit, the Moravian annals seemed to have impressed his sensibilities in a remarkable degree, and a transcript of the historian Loskiel forms an interesting portion of his work. It is a singular fact that an Italian (Botta) was one of the earliest and most estimable historians of the American Revolution, while the colonization of the continent was first satisfactorily narrated by another foreigner-neither Graham or Botta having ever formed any personal associations, as a visitor or resident, with a country whose history afforded the theme of their enthusiastic and successful labors.

of that name; and about five miles further below, was Salem, afterwards established a short distance from the village of Port Washington. The first and last mentioned were on the west side of the Tuscaroras, now near the margin of the Ohio canal. Gnadenhutten is on the east side of the river.

But at the moment that the first permanent colonization of the State seemed to be progressing thus auspiciously, the storm of Indian hostility was filling the horizon. We hasten to record the events of 1774.

CHAPTER XVI.

DUNMORE'S EXPEDITION IN 1774. THE STORY OF LOGAN.

THE name of Logan is closely associated with the hostilities of 1774, usually called Dunmore's war, from the fact that Lord Dunmore, then Governor of Virginia, commanded one division of the army, by whose invasion it was terminated. We shall precede our narrative of its events, by a few memorials of the remarkable person above mentioned.

When Count Zinzendorf, the Moravian bishop, visited his Pennsylvania brethren in 1742, he followed the course of the Susquehannah River to Shomokin, a populous Indian town, and thence crossed to the residence of Catharine Montour, near the head of Seneca Lake in New York. He was accompanied by Conrad Weisser, the Indian agent of Pennsylvania, and four converted Indians. At Shomokin, they were hospitably entertained by Shikellimus, a Cayuga chief, who is described as the "first magistrate and head-chief of all the Iroquois Indians living on the banks of the Susquehannah as far as Onondago." Afterwards Shikellimus was converted to Christianity, and the missionaries "considered him a candidate for baptism, but hearing that he had been already baptised by a Roman Catholic priest in Canada, they only endeavored to impress his mind with a proper idea of the importance of this sacramental ordinance, upon which he destroyed a small idol, which he wore about his neck."

1) Loskiel's North American Missions, part ii., p. 120.

Shikellimus died in 1749, attended in his last moments by David Zeisberger.

There is no doubt that Logan was the second son of this chief-his name being a tribute of respect to James Logan, Secretary of the Province of Pennsylvania, who was highly esteemed by Shikellimus. Heckewelder wrote to Jefferson that "about the year 1772, Logan was introduced to him by an Indian friend, as son to the late reputable chief, Shikellimus, and as a friend to the white people." Heckewelder was favorably impressed by the "superior talents" and correct sentiments of Logan.2

After reaching manhood, Logan lived for a while in Pennsylvania, within the present limits of Mifflin county, and the following anecdotes of him during this period, are preserved in Day's Historical Collections of that State, but the dates of their occurrence are not given.

William Brown, with two companions, had been hunting bear, and was separated from his two companions in the pursuit of one which they had started. In his own words, he was traveling along, looking about on the rising ground for the bear, when he suddenly came upon a spring, and laid down to drink. Suddenly he saw reflected on the opposite side, the shadow of a tall Indian. Brown sprung to his feet, seized his rifle, but the Indian knocked up the pan of his gun, threw out the priming, and extended his open palm in token of friendship. This was Logan, and the two became firm allies. Further down the stream, was the camp of another hunter, Samuel Maclay, and thither Logan conducted his new acquaintance. In a few days, Brown and Maclay visited Logan at his camp, which was in the same

2) Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia. Philadelphia, 1801; appendix, p. 39.

neighborhood-the Kishacoquilas valley-and situated near what is now known as Logan's spring, in Mifflin county. Here Maclay and Logan shot at a mark for a dollar a shot. Logan lost four or five rounds, and acknowledged himself beaten. When the white men were about to leave, he went into his hut, and brought out as many deer skins as he had lost dollars, and handed them to Mr. Maclay, who refused to take them, alleging that he was Logan's guest, and did not come to rob him; that the shooting had been only a trial of skill, and the bet merely nominal. Logan drew himself up with great dignity, and said "me bet to make you shoot your best-me gentleman, and me take your dollar if me beat." There was, of course, no alternative than to take the skins. So sensitive was Logan, that he would not accept even a horn of powder in return.

Mr. Brown, who was an associate judge of Mifflin county from its organization till his death at the age of ninety-one or two, soon afterwards settled in the vicinity. When his little daughter was just beginning to walk, her mother expressed her regret that she could not get a pair of shoes to give more firmness to her little step. Logan stood by, but said nothing. He soon after asked Mrs. Brown to let the little girl go up and spend the day at his cabin. The cautious heart of the mother was alarmed at such a proposition; but she knew the delicacy of an Indian's feelings and she knew Logan, too-and with secret reluctance, but apparent cheerfulness, she complied with his request. The hours of the day wore slowly away, and it was nearly night, when her little one had not returned: but just as the sun was going down, the trusty chief was seen coming down the path with his charge; and in a moment more the little one trotted into her mother's arms, proudly exhibiting a beautiful pair of moccasins on her