A part of our naval reserve but a type given up by the British as unsuitable for the work tory of the war. "Control the sea or perish" has sunk into every British mind, and the practical translation of it has been equally simple, and universally grasped by the people "ours must be a twoPower navy.' On that elementary principle the British people have felt safe in trusting expert guidance, in paying whatever was needed, secure in the knowledge that the investment was the surest and cheapest insurance of security that the nation could possibly make. Germany had as simple a formula. "We must find our place in the sun" was wrong because it was an offensive and not a defensive creed. But it made easy the task of erecting the amazing monster of Germany in arms, which was a Franken We have forty-nine destroyers all of which are needed for service with the battleship fleet BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE O. SQUIER stein because of its poisoned philosophy France found the name of its creed only at Verdun, but for forty years it had built its defense on the spirit of "They shall not pass." The phrase will not readily be found for the United States, but it will contain the meaning of "war only for defense of democracy." But it will bring with it the sane, practical knowledge that only two aggressive nations now challenge democracy-Germany and Japan; that, unless we arm, we shall clash with both; that only complete preparation will avail against them; that the only democratic means of military defense of the democratic ideal lies in universal, unpaid military service. Not only is it the only democratic means, it is the only means. No defense short of it will defend. Hired armies, half-way armies, are not big enough. Only the nation in arms has a fighting chance against a nation in arms. The United States, so armed, would have no enemy to fear; and, having no imperial aims to gratify, could sit forever at its own fireside, intent only upon its real mission, which is to work out within its borders a better democracy for its own people. The founders of our Nation believed that doctrine and wrote it into the first laws of the first Congress. In Senator Root's address before the Congress of Constructive Patriotism held in Washington or January 25th, he quoted this statute. With his prefatory paragraph, it is as follows: The original theory of our American Government was the theory of universal service. Let me read you how the fathers of the Republ conceived that American independence and American freedom were to be preserved. I read from the Act, the Militia Act of May 1792 and you will perceive here that the Act is based upon the principle of universal compulsory preparation for public defense. The quaint old phrases of the Militia Act may serve to impress upon your minds the changes of condition to which the principle to be applied, while they may serve to enforce the memory of the principle. These are its provisions: "Every able-bodied male citizen of the respective States, resident therein, who is of the age of eighteen years and under the age of fortyfive years, shall be enrolled in the militia. It shall be the duty of every captain or commanding officer of company to enroll every such citizen residing within the bounds of his company, and all those who may from time to time arrive at the age of eighteen years, or who, being of the age of eighteen years and under the age of forty-five years, come to reside within his bounds. A NAVAL HYDROAEROPLANE The Navy has not yet developed either a heavy seaplane or a dirigible suitable for long distance scouting at sea, nor has it sufficient 'planes of any kind to aid materially in submarine patrol work. "Each captain or commanding officer shall without delay notify every such citizen of his enrollment by a proper non-commissioned officer of his company, who may approve the notice, and any notice or warning to a citizen enrolled to attend a company, battalion, or regimental muster which is according to the laws of the State in which it is given, for that purpose shall be deemed a legal notice of his enrollment. Every citizen shall, after notice of his enrollment, be constantly provided with a good musket or firelock of a bore sufficient for balls of the eighteenth part of a pound; a sufficient bayonet and belt, two spare flints, and a knapsack, a pouch with a box therein to contain not less than twenty-four cartridges suited to the bore of his musket or firelock, each cartridge to contain a proper quantity of powder and ball; or, with a good rifle, knapsack, shot pouch and powder horn, twenty balls suited to the bore of his rifle, and a quarter of a pound of powder. "And shall appear armed, accoutred, and provided when called out to exercise or into service." Except only-"Except that when called out on company days to exercise only he may appear without a knapsack. "And all arms, ammunition and accoutre A distinct American type that will fly 120 miles an hour, climb ten thousand feet in ten minutes, and which, except for the engine, is considered the equal of the latest type in France or Germany BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE O. SQUIER Chief of the Signal Corps who is in charge of the development of aviation for the Army stein because of its poisoned philosophy and not because of its efficiency. France found the name of its creed only at Verdun, but for forty years it had built its defense on the spirit of "They shall not pass." The phrase will not readily be found for the United States, but it will contain the meaning of "war only for defense of democracy." But it will bring with it the sane, practical knowledge that only two aggressive nations now challenge democracy-Germany and Japan; that, unless we arm, we shall clash with both; that only complete preparation will avail against them; that the only democratic means of military defense of the democratic ideal lies in universal, unpaid military service. Not only is it the only democratic means, it is the only means. No defense short of it will defend. Hired armies, half-way armies, are not big enough. Only the nation in arms has a fighting chance against a nation in arms. The United States, so armed, would have no enemy to fear; and, having no imperial aims to gratify, could sit forever at its own fireside, intent only upon its real mission, which is to work out within its borders a better democracy for its ow people. The founders of our Nation believed that doctrine and wrote it into the first laws the first Congress. In Senator Root: address before the Congress of Constructive Patriotism held in Washington on January 25th, he quoted this statute With his prefatory paragraph, it is as follows: The original theory of our American Government was the theory of universal service. Le me read you how the fathers of the Republ. conceived that American independence an American freedom were to be preserved. read from the Act, the Militia Act of Mays 1792-and you will perceive here that the A is based upon the principle of universal com pulsory preparation for public defense. The quaint old phrases of the Militia A may serve to impress upon your minds t changes of condition to which the principle. to be applied, while they may serve to enfor the memory of the principle. These are its provisions: "Every able-bodied male citizen of the respective States, resident therein, who is of the age of eighteen years and under the age of fortyfive years, shall be enrolled in the militia. It shall be the duty of every captain or commanding officer of a company to enroll every such citizen residing within the bounds of his company, and all those who may from time to time arrive at the age of eighteen years, or who, being of the age of eighteen years and under the age of forty-five years, come to reside within his bounds. A NAVAL HYDROAEROPLANE The Navy has not yet developed either a heavy seaplane or a dirigible suitable for long distance scouting at sea, nor has it sufficient 'planes of any kind to aid materially in submarine patrol work. "Each captain or commanding officer shall without delay notify every such citizen of his enrollment by a proper non-commissioned officer of his company, who may approve the notice, and any notice or warning to a citizen enrolled to attend a company, battalion, or regimental muster which is according to the laws of the State in which it is given, for that purpose shall be deemed a legal notice of his enrollment. Every citizen shall, after notice of his enrollment, be constantly provided with a good musket or firelock of a bore sufficient for balls of the eighteenth part of a pound; a sufficient bayonet and belt, two spare flints, and a knapsack, a pouch with a box therein to contain not less than twenty-four cartridges suited to the bore of his musket or firelock, each cartridge to contain a proper quantity of powder and ball; or, with a good rifle, knapsack, shot pouch and powder horn, twenty balls suited to the bore of his rifle, and a quarter of a pound of powder. "And shall appear armed, accoutred, and provided when called out to exercise or into service." Except only-"Except that when called out on company days to exercise only he may appear without a knapsack. "And all arms, ammunition and accoutre A distinct American type that will fly 120 miles an hour, climb ten thousand feet in ten minutes, and which, except for the engine, is considered the equal of the latest type in France or Germany |