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to conform to them, if they are lawful, public, uniform in their application, and reasonable.

SEC. 2187. A common carrier may demand the fare of Fare, when passengers either at starting or at any subsequent time.

payable.

passengers.

SEC. 2188. A passenger who refuses to pay his fare or to Ejection of conform to any lawful regulation of the carrier, may be ejected from the vehicle by the carrier. But this must be done with as little violence as possible, and at any usual stopping place, or near some dwelling house.

who has not

*SEC. 2189. A passenger upon a railroad train who has not Passenger paid his fare before entering the train, if he has been afforded paid fare. an opportunity to do so, must, upon demand, pay ten per cent. in addition to the regular rate.

payable after

SEC. 2190. After having ejected a passenger, a carrier has Fare not no right to require the payment of any part of his fare. ejection. SEC. 2191. A common carrier has a lien upon the luggage Carrier's of a passenger for the payment of such fare as he is entitled to from him. This lien is regulated by the title on liens.

lien.

ARTICLE III.

COMMON CARRIERS OF PROPERTY.

of inland for loss.

SECTION 2194. Unless the consignor accompanies the Liability freight and retains exclusive control thereof, an inland carriers common carrier of property is liable, from the time that he accepts until he relieves himself from liability pursuant to sections two thousand one hundred and eighteen to two thousand one hundred and twenty-two, for the loss or injury thereof from any cause whatever, except:

1. An inherent defect, vice, or weakness, or a spontaneous action, of the property itself;

2. The act of a public enemy of the United States, or of this State;

3. The act of the law; or

4. Any irresistible superhuman cause.

SEC. 2195. A common carrier is liable, even in the cases when excepted by the last section, if his ordinary negligence do not apply

exposes the property to the cause of the loss.

* Amended by section fifteen, chapter one, of Act approved April 1st, 1878, relative to Commissioner of Transportation.

exemptions

Liability for delay.

Limitation

of liability without notice.

Delivery of freight beyond

usual route.

SEC. 2196. A common carrier is liable for delay only when it is caused by his want of ordinary care and diligence. (Amendment, approved March 30, 1874; Amendments 1873-4, 251; took effect July 1, 1874.)

SEC. 2200. A common carrier of gold, silver, platina, or precious stones, or of imitations thereof, in a manufactured or unmanufactured state; of time pieces of any description; of negotiable paper or other valuable writings; of pictures, glass or chinaware; of statuary, silk, or laces; or of plated ware of any kind, is not liable for more than fifty dollars upon the loss or injury of any one package of such articles, unless he has notice, upon his receipt thereof, by mark upon the package or otherwise, of the nature of the freight; nor is such carrier liable upon any package carried for more than the value of the articles named in the receipt or the bill of lading. (Amendment, approved March 30, 1874; Amendments 1873-4, 251; took effect July 1, 1874.)

SEC. 2201. If a common carrier accepts freight for a place beyond his usual route, he must, unless he stipulates otherwise, deliver it at the end of his route in that direction to some other competent carrier carrying to the place of address, or connected with those who thus carry, and his liability ceases upon making such delivery.

Proof to be SEC. 2202. If freight addressed to a place beyond the given in case of loss. usual route of the common carrier who first received it is lost or injured, he must, within a reasonable time after demand, give satisfactory proof to the consignor that the loss or injury did not occur while it was in his charge, or he will be himself liable therefor.

Carrier's services, other than

carriage and delivery.

Sale of perishable

freightage.

SEC. 2203. In respect to any service rendered by a common carrier about freight, other than its carriage and delivery, his rights and obligations are defined by the titles on deposit and service.

SEC. 2204. If, from any cause other than want of ordinary property for care and diligence on his part, a common carrier is unable to deliver perishable property transported by him and collect his charges thereon, he may cause the property to be sold in open market, to satisfy his lien for freightage. (New section, approved March 30, 1874; Amendments 1873-4, 251; took effect July 1, 1874.)

TITLE XI.

INSURANCE.

ARTICLE IV.

INSURABLE INTEREST.

carrier or

SECTION 2548. A carrier or depositary of any kind has Interest of an insurable interest in a thing held by him as such, to the depositary. extent of its value.

TITLE XIV.

LIEN.

CHAPTER II.

MORTGAGE.

ARTICLE III.

MORTGAGE OF PERSONAL PROPERTY.

SECTION 2955. Mortgages may be made upon:

What personal prop

1. Locomotives, engines, and other rolling stock of a erty may be

railroad;

2. Steamboat machinery, the machinery used by machinists, foundrymen, and mechanics;

3. Steam engines and boilers;

10. Vessels of more than five tons burden.

mortgaged.

in transit,

mortgaged.

SEC. 2960. For the purposes of this article, property in Property transit from the possession of the mortgagee to the county of where to be the residence of the mortgagor, or to a location for use, is, during a reasonable time for such transportation, to be taken as situated in the county in which the mortgagor resides, or where it is intended to be used.

Property of

a common

carrier,

where to be recorded.

SEC. 2961. For a like purpose, personal property used in conducting the business of a common carrier is to be taken as situated in the county in which the principal office or place of business of the carrier is located.

When consignor

may stop goods.

What is insolvency

of

consignee.

Transit,

when ended.

Stoppage, how effected.

Effect of stoppage.

CHAPTER VII.

STOPPAGE IN TRANSIT.

SECTION 3076. A seller or consignor of property, whose claim for its price or proceeds has not been extinguished, may, upon the insolvency of the buyer or consignee becoming known to him after parting with the property, stop it while on its transit to the buyer or consignee, and resume possession thereof.

SEC. 3077. A person is insolvent, within the meaning of the last section, when he ceases to pay his debts in the manner usual with persons of his business, or when he declares his inability or unwillingness to do so.

SEC. 3078. The transit of property is at an end when it comes into the possession of the consignee, or into that of his agent, unless such agent is employed merely to forward the property to the consignee.

SEC. 3079. Stoppage in transit can be effected only by notice to the carrier or depositary of the property, or by taking actual possession thereof.

SEC. 3080. Stoppage in transit does not, of itself, rescind a sale, but is a means of enforcing the lien of the seller.

DIVISION FOURTH.

PART I.

RELIEF.

TITLE II.

COMPENSATORY RELIEF.

CHAPTER II.

MEASURE OF DAMAGES.

ARTICLE I.

DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT.

of carrier's

receive

SECTION 3315. The detriment caused by the breach of a Breach carrier's obligation to accept freight, messages, or passengers, obligation to is deemed to be the difference between the amount which he goods, etc. had a right to charge for the carriage and the amount which it would be necessary to pay for the same service when it ought to be performed.

of carrier's

deliver.

SEC. 3316. The detriment caused by the breach of a car- Breach rier's obligation to deliver freight, where he has not converted obligation to it to his own use, is deemed to be the value thereof at the place and on the day at which it should have been delivered, deducting the freightage to which he would have been entitled if he had completed the delivery.

delay.

SEC. 3317. The detriment caused by a carrier's delay in Carrier' the delivery of freight is deemed to be the depreciation in the intrinsic value of the freight during the delay, and also the depreciation, if any, in the market value thereof, otherwise than by reason of a depreciation in its intrinsic value, at the place where it ought to have been delivered, and between the day at which it ought to have been delivered and the day of its actual delivery.

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