Haverhill, 51, 62

Hayes, R. B., 241

Henry, Patrick, 95

Heroes, 254, 256; Western, 213

High thinking, 287

Higher law, 239

Hill, J. J., 260

Historian, 333

Historic ideals, 306, 335

Historical societies, 159-160, 339

History, character, 331-332; new
viewpoints, 330
Holland, J. G., 73
Holst, H. E. von, 24
Home markets, 108, 216
Home missions, 36, 354

Homestead law of 1862, 145, 276
Hoosier State, 224
Housatonic River, 71
Housatonic Valley, 72
Houston, Sam, 105
Howells, W. D., 353

Hudson River, 53, 79; frontier, 43;
fur trade, 80

Humanitarian movement, 327
Huxley, T. H., on modern civiliza-
tion, 300

Iberville, P. le M. d', 180
Icarians, 263

Idealists, America the goal, 261;
social, 349

Ideals, 239; American, and the

West, 290; American, loyalty to,
307; American historic, 306, 335;
immigrants, 264; Middle West,
153; Mississippi Valley, 203;
pioneer, and the State university,
269; readjustment, 321, 328;
Western, 209, 214, 267; Western
democracy and, 261

Illinois, composite nationality, 232;
elements of settlement, 225; set-
tlement, 135

Illiteracy in Middle West, 353
Immigrants, 277; idealism, 264
Immigration, 146, 215, 316
Indian guides, 17

Indian policy, 10

Ladian question, early, 9
Indian reservations, 278

Indian trade, 6, 13, 14; Middle

West, 143, 144

Indian wars, 9; New England and,
69; Ohio Valley and, 167
Indiana, character, 232; constitu-
tion, 282; elements in settlement,
223-224; settlement, 134
Indianapolis, 162, 229
Indians, buffer state for England,
131, 134; congresses to treat
with, 15; effects of trades on, 13;
hunting Indians with dogs, 95;
influence on Puritans and New
England, 44; Middle West and,
133, 134; society, 13
Individualism, 30, 32, 37, 78, 125,

140, 203, 254, 259, 271, 273, 302,
306; in the Old West, 107; reac-
tion against, 307; Upland South,
165
Industrial conditions, 280, 281,
285; Middle West, 149, 154;
Mississippi Valley, 194, 201;
Ohio Valley and, 175

Industry, captains of, and large
undertakings, 258, 259, 260; con.
trol, 318

Inland waterways, 202
Insurgent movement, 327
Intellectual life and the frontier,
37

Intercolonial congresses, 15
Interior and coast, antagonisms,
110

Internal commerce, 171, 188
Internal improvements, 27, 28, 29,
111, 170, 172, 216, 257; after

1812 to break down barrier to
West, 195; Old West, 109
Internal trade, Old West, 108, 109
Iowa, 141, 143; elements and
growth, 229; settlement, 137
Ipswich, 56
Irish, 350

Iron mines in Middle West, 152
Iron ore, 313

Iroquois Indians, 13, 80
Irrigation, 258, 279
Isms, 239

Izard, Ralph, 274

Jackson, Andrew, 105, 168, 173,
189, 206, 213, 216, 241, 252, 253,
268, 326; personification of fron-
tier traits, 252, 254
Jackson, Stonewall, 105

Jacksonian democracy, 192, 302,
342-343

James River, 84, 90; settlement, 93
Jefferson, Thomas, 93, 105, 114,
268; conception of democracy,
250, 251; on England and the
Mississippi, 186; on the pioneer
in Congress, 253; on the impor-
tance of the Mississippi Valley,
188

"Jim River" Valley, 145
Johnson, R. M., 192

Johnson, Sir William, 81, 104
Justice, direct forms in the West,

212

Kansas, 142, 144, 146, 151; Popu-
lists, 238; settlers, 237
Kansas City, 151

Kentucky, 19, 122, 162, 167, 168,

169, 192, 225, 253; slavery, 174
King Philip's War 40, 46, 69
Kipling, Rudyard, "Toreloper,"
270; "Son of the English," 262

Laurentide glacier, 129
Law and order, 298, 344
Leadership, 213, 291, 292, 307;
educated, 286

Lease, Mary Ellen, 240

Legislation, 277, 307; frontier and,
24; Leicester, 59; Leigh, B. W.,
115

Lewis and Clark, 13, 17

Liberty, Bacon on, 286; for univer-
sities, 287; individual, 213;
Western, 212

Life as a whole, 287

Lincoln, Abraham, 105, 135, 142,

174, 206, 213, 217, 225, 241 268,
304 356; Douglas debates 230;

embodiment of pioneer period,

255-256; Ohio Valley, influence
of, 175

Lincoln, C. H, 113

Litchfield, 71, 76, 124

Livingston manor, 81, 82
Locofocos, 303, 326, 348
Log cabin, 338

"Log cabin campaign," 173
London Company, 301
Loria, Achille, 11
Louisiana, 180, 208

Louisiana Purchase, 25, 34, 140,
167, 213, 251; effect on Missis-
sippi Valley, 189-190
Louisville, 162

Lowell, J. R., on Lincoln, 255
Loyal Land Co., 123, 182
Lumber industry, 152; Wisconsin,
234-235

Lumbermen, 272, 273

Lynch law, 212, 272; New Eng-
land, 78

McKinley, William, 236, 237, 241
Magnitude, 258, 260, 276
Maine, 52-53

Maine coast, 79

Mallet brothers, 180

Manila, battle of, 247

Manorial practice in New York, 83
Marietta, 124, 132, 223, 257
"Mark colonies," 70
Marquette, Jacques, 180
Martineau, Harriet, 214, 303, 339
Massachusetts, attempt to locate
frontier line, 39; frontier, 65;
frontier towns, 42, 45, 53, 70;
locating towns before settlement,
76

Mather, Cotton, attitude as to ad-

vancing frontier, 63
Mesabi mines, 152, 234
Mendon, 57

Methodists, 238
Mexico, 295

Michigan, 135-136, 137; develop-
ment and resources, 232; settle-
ment, 226, 228

Middle region, 27; in formation of
the Old West, 79; typical Ameri-
can, 28

Middle West, agriculture, 150;
Canada and, 128; Civil War and,
142; early society, 153-154; edu-
cation, 282; elements of settle-
ment Northern and Southern,
346, 351; Europe and, 282; flow
of population into, 132-133; for-
ests, 130; Germans and, 137-
138; Germans and Scandina-
vians, 146; idealism, 153; immi-
grants of varied nationalities,
349; importance, 126, 128; in-
crease of settlement in the fifties,
142-143; industrial organism,
149; meaning of term, 126; na-
tionalism, 142; natural resources,
129; New England element, 137;
peculiarity and influence, 347;
pioneer democracy, 335; settle-
ment, 135, 342; slavery question
and, 139; southern zone, 138
Migration, 21, 237, 337; communal
vs. individual, 125; crops, 149;
interstate, 224; labor, 62; New
England, and land policy, 77
Militant expansive movement, 105
Military frontier, 41, 47; early
form, 47; Old West, significance,
106-107; Virginia in later 17th
century, 83, 84

Milwaukee, 137, 227, 236, 350
Miner's frontier, 12
Mining camps, 9

Mining laws, 10

Minneapolis, 137, 151, 234

Minnesota, 143, 144, 237; economic

development, 234; Historical So-
ciety, 335, 338-339
Missions to the Indians, 79
Mississippi Company, 123, 182
Mississippi River, 7, 9, 142, 185,
194, 345

Mississippi Valley, 10, 139, 166-
167, 324; beginning of stratifica-
tion, 197; Civil War and, 201;
democracy and, 190; early popu.
lation, 183; economic progress
after 1812, 194; England's efforts
to control, 180-181; extent, 179;
French explorers in, 180; fron-
tiersmen's allegiance, 186-187;
idealism, social order, 203-204;
industrial growth after the Civil
War, 201-202; political power
and growth from 1810 to 1840,
193; primitive history, 179; ques-
tion of severance from the Union,
187; significance in American
history, 177, 185; slavery struggle
and, 201; social forces, early,
183

Nebraska, 144, 145, 220; settlers,

237
Negro, 295

New England, 27, 301; back lands,
75; coast vs. interior, 111; colo-
nies from, 124; culmination of
frontier movement, 78; early of-
ficial frontier line, 43; economic
life, 78; effect on the West, 36;
foreign element, 294; frontier
protection, 46-47; frontier types,
43-44; Greater New England, 66,
70; ideas, and Middle West, 348;
Indian wars, 69; land system, 54;
Middle West and, 347; Ohio set-
tlement and, 223; Old West and,
68; Old West and interior New
England, 70; pioneer type, 239;
streams of settlement from, 215;
two New Englands of the forma-
tive period of the Old West, 78-
79

New Englanders in the Middle
West, 137; in Wisconsin and the
lake region, 228; three move-
ments of advance from the coast,
136; Westernized, 215, 216
New Glarus, 236

New Hampshire, 69, 72, 77, 111
New Hampshire grants, 77

New Northwest, 222

New Orleans, 136, 137, 167, 187,
188, 189, 217, 295

New South, 218; Old West and, 100
New West, 257

New York City, 136, 195, 318
New York State, early frontier, 43;
lack of expansive power, 80;
land system, 80; settlement from
New England, 83; western, 230
Newspapers of the Middle West,
353
Nitrates, 279
Norfolk, 195

North Carolina, 87, 106; coast vs.
upland, 116; in Indiana Settle-
ment, 224; public lands, 95; set-
tlement, 94, 95; slavery, 122; tax-
ation, 118, 119

North Central States, 126; region
as a whole, 341

North Dakota, development, 237
Northampton, 63
Northfield, 53

Northwest, democracy, 356; Old
and New, 222; see also Old
Northwest

Northwest Territory, 222
Northwestern boundary, 324
Norton, C. E., 208-209

Norwegians, 232
Nullification, 117, 254

Ohio, diversity of interests, 231-
232; elements of settlement, 223;
history, 133-134; New England
element, 223; Southern contribu-
tion to settlement, 223
Ohio Company, 123, 133, 141, 182,
223

Ohio River, 5, 161

Ohio Valley, 104; as a highway,

162; economic legislation and,
170; effects on national expan-
sion, 166; in American history,
157;
influence on Lincoln, 175;
part in making of the nation,
160; physiography, 160-161; re-
lation to the South, 174; reli-
gious spirit, 164, 165; stock and
settlement, 164

Oil wells, 297
Oklahoma, 278, 297

Old National road, 136
Old Northwest, 131, 132, 136, 221;
as a whole, 241-242; defined,
218; elements of settlement,
222; political position, 236; so-

cial origin, 222-223; Southern
element in settlement, 223, 225-
226; turning point of control,
229

"Old South," 166

Old West, colonization of areas be-
yond the mountains, 124; conse-
quences of formation, 106; New
South and, 100; summary of
frontier movement in 17th and
early 18th centuries, 98; term
defined, 68

Old World, 261, 267, 294, 299, 344,
349; effect of American frontier,
22; West and, 206, 210
Opportunity, 37, 212, 239, 259-260,
261, 263, 271-272, 342, 343
Orangeburg, 96

Ordinance of 1787, 25, 132, 168,
190, 223

Oregon country, 144
Orient, 297

Osgood, H. L., 30

Pacific coast, 168, 219, 304
Pacific Northwest, 296
Pacific Ocean, 297, 315
Packing industries, 151

Palatine Germans, 5, 22, 100, 109,

124; New York State and, 82
Palisades, 71

Panama Canal, 295
Panics, 279-280

Paper money, 32, 111, 121, 122,
209

Parkman, Francis, 70, 72, 144, 163
"Particular plantations," 41
Past, lessons of, 355

Patroon estates, 80

Paxton Boys, 112