RAILROADS.

CLEVELAND, WARREN AND PITTSBURGH RAILROAD. -The act incorporating a company to construct this Road was passed by the General Assembly of this state. It authorises the construction of a rail road from Cleveland, in the direction of Pittsburgh, to the State line of Pennsylvania. The measure originated and is now pros. ecuted with the view of uniting Pittsburgh, in the State of Pennsylvania, situated on the head waters of the Ohio river, with Cleveland, in the state of Ohio, situated upon Lake Erie. At the point of its intersection with the state line, the charter provides for the union of the Road with any other Road which the state of Pennsylvania may au. thorise from Pittsburgh, or any other point below the Ohio river, running in the direction of Cleveland, in order that a continuous route may be perfected from Cleveland to Pittsburgh, under the authority of both states.

The charter does not in terms limit the amount of capital stock which may be raised under it; but authorises the President and Directors of the company, from time to time, and at any time they may think proper, to create and sell stock sufficient in their judgment for accomplish. ing the purposes contemplated. The stock is divided into shares of one hundred dollars each, and in case of the creation of a larger amount than the expenditures of the company may require, it does not result in the accumulation of a surplus fund, but in the diminishing the amount to be paid on each share respectively.

Plenary powers are, by the charter, conferred upon the company, in the selection of the most eligible and expedi ent route for the location of the Road, and for entering upon and taking possession of the lands and materials for its construction and maintenance. And like full and dis. cretionary power is granted to the company in the use and occupancy of the road, in the transportation of persons or property, either by the force and powers of steam, or of animals, or any mechanical or other power, or any combi. nation of them which the company may think proper to employ.

By the report of the Engineer in the service of the company, it appears. that the whole expense of constructing the Road from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania state line, about eighty miles, is less than $7,000 per mile. In no instance is the ascent or descent more than forty feet to the mile. In no event can stationary power be required at any point. There are no natural obstructions to be encountered. Timber, stone, and every necessary material for the construction of the Road are abundant in the immediate vicinity of its location. It passes over a section of country not only populous, but in a high state of agricultural prosperity, and the interests of whose inhabitants are intimately blended with its completion.

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This road proposes to form a continuation of that branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, which terminates in Pittsburgh, by extending that road to Lake Erie at Cleveland; making thereby a continued line of Rail Road from Baltimore to the great lakes. It proposes the same benefits to the city of Philadelphia by being a continuation of the Pennsylvania canals and rail roads which lead from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh by prolonging them in effect to Lake Erie. It proposes when completed, to give to Philadelphia and Baltimore the same advantages of the western trade which New-York now possesses, with the additional advantage of having the distance diminished three hundred miles. It proposes to give the whole vast region of the western lakes an opportunity of marketing their products in, and receiving their foreign merchandise from, Phila. delphia and Baltimore at least five weeks earlier in the season and at much less expense, than is now accomplished at New-York.

The management of the Company is in the hands of a board of seven Directors, elected by the Stockholders.

The route from Baltimore and Philadelphia through Pittsburgh to Cleveland, is decidedly superior to any other line that ever has been, or can be, traced through the country lying between the tide waters and the Lake coast. New-York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, lie upon a line nearly parallel with the southern shore of Lake Erie, and

Consequently at equal distances from it. But owing to the nature of the country, none of those cities communicate with the lake upon the shortest line. New-York has en. deavored to overcome this circuity by constructing a rail road from the Hudson river to Dunkirk; Philadelphia, by the Sunbury and Erie rail road; and Baltimore, with an eye to Cleveland as an ultimate termination, has extended the Baltimore and Ohio road to Pittsburgh. New-York has her canal from Albany to Buffalo. Philadelphia, a canal and rail road to Pittsburgh, and the Chesapeake and Ohio canal is making its way to the Ohio from the Chesa peake. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal extends the water communication by way of Beaver, Warren and Akron, where it intersects the Ohio canal, to Cleveland, on the chain of inland seas. The object of all these improve. ments is the western trade. The struggle has cost millions of dollars and the purse-strings are but just untied. A double method of communication is demanded on each of the three great routes. A railway for speedy travel, and a consecutive canal for cheap transportation, and each method has the funds of the intelligent merchant at. command, when the trader himself has means within his control. What are the sources of the western trade? It comes from the rich region in which Lake Michigan is embosomed from the western shore of Lake Huron, from the fertile valley of the Wabash and the Maumee, discharging itself through the Wabash and Erie canal, and the Western ca. nal at Maumee Bay, and from the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky, flowing through the hundred chan. nels that nature and enterprise have laid open. The produce of the country drained by the Lakes, must float through the western part of Lake Erie, as it seeks the seaboard. Cleveland is the first port where it is tempted to leave the Lake. Transferred to a canal boat, it goes on the Ohio canal to Akron, 38 miles-takes the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal by Warren and New-Castle to Beaver on the Ohio, one hundred and five miles-is towed to Pittsburgh, thirty miles-ascends the canal to Jonstown, one hundred and five miles-is transhipped and carried on the

Mountain rail road over a portage of thirty-seven miles to Hollidaysburgh, and taken by a canal boat to Harrisburgh and Philadelphia, or down the Susquehanna to Baltimore. From Cleveland to Philadelphia it is about five hundred and eighty-two miles by water, except the portage between Johnstown and Hollidaysburgh.. By rail road

Cleveland to Warren,

-Warren to Beaver,

Beaver to Pittsburgh,

Cleveland to Pittsburgh,

Chambersburgh to Harrisburgh,

50 miles.

53

30

-133

Pittsburgh to Chambersburgh, mail route, 153

Harrisburgh to Philadelphia,

Cleveland to Philadelphia,

48

98

432

From Cleveland to Pittsburgh by the Ohio canal, Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, and Ohio River, is one hundred and seventy-three miles; from thence to Philadelphia, by canal and railway, is three hundred and ninety-six miles, and from Cleveland, five hundred and sixty-nine. From Pittsburgh to Cumberland by the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, is one hundred and forty miles; from Cumberland to Point of Rocks, one hundred and five; Point of Rocks to Baltimore, by rail road, seventy-five Pittsburgh to Bal. timore, by canal and rail road, three hundred and twenty miles.

We cannot give the distance by the Baltimore and Ohio rail road from Baltimore to Pittsburgh, but probably it is not materially different from the canal route above given.

Suppose produce arriving off Cleveland determines to proceed to Buffalo. Cleveland to Buffalo, one hundred and ninety three miles, Lake transportation; from Buffalo to Albany, three hundred and sixty-three miles by canal, thence to New-York, one hundred and fifty miles, river na. vigation, in all seven hundred and six miles of water trans. portation, with two transhipments.

By rail road from Buffalo to Albany the distance is about the same. By rail road from Dunkirk to the North River above New-York, the distance is diminished about one

hundred miles, making it six hundred miles from Cleveland to New-York on the shortest northern route contemplated; and being mostly by land, will never answer for heavy merchandize. The Sunbury and Erie route from Lake Erie to Philadelphia, stands upon the same footing. There are then three routes by water in direct competition. The northern by Albany and, Buffalo, (or Oswego,) the middle route from Philadelphia, (except the portage) by Pittsburgh to New-Castle and from thence, to the Lake either at Cleveland or Erie, the southern from Washington to Pittsburgh, intersected from Baltimore by the rail road at the Point of Rocks. In point of distance, the two latter routes have an admitted advantage, which saves time and expense. But further, the Steamboat Erie arrived at this place from Detroit on the 20th of March, and the first boat from Buffalo on the 20th of May. Assuming that the Pennsylvania and Ohio canals may be in operation on the first week in April, our wharves might have presented the same bustle on the 15th of April that they do now. The emigrant, by taking the southern route from New-York via Philadelphia, might have been located in his log cabin on the first of May, as easily as he will be now on the first of June, had the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal been completed. As it is, he has been detained four weeks in Buffalo, and consequently lost the spring crop upon his new farm in the West. The eastern merchandize now in our ware. houses, or on the Lake, might have been on the shelf four weeks ago. Goods taking the water here for the West, avoid four-fifths of the dangers of the Lake. Downward bound vessels ean enter this harbor under all winds, when the ship is manageable. The western merchant who visits New-York or Philadelphia, before the opening of lake nav. igation, passes through Cleveland. To New-York on the northern route, is seven hundred and six miles. By Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to New-York by the land route, it is five hundred and thirty-eight miles, viz: to Pittsburgh one hundred and thirty-six, Philadelphia three hundred and one, New-York ninety-six. Uniting the canal and rail road system, from Cleveland to Warren, rail road, fifty