Premium for bringing. June 21, 1862, res. 37, v. 12, p.

620.

Sec. 1120, R. S.

Enlistments in ized strength.

excess of author

677. A premium of two dollars shall be paid to any citizen, noncommissioned officer, or soldier for each accepted recruit he may bring to a recruiting rendezvous. 678. To fill vacancies occurring, from time to time, in the several organizations serving without the limits of the United States with trained men, the President is author- 29, v. 31, p. 756. ized to enlist recruits in numbers equal to four per centum of the total strength authorized for such organizations. Section 29, act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. L., 756).

679. The Secretary of War is authorized to detach from the Army at large such number of enlisted men as may be necessary to perform duty at the various recruiting stations, and while performing such duty one member of each party shall have the rank, pay, and allowances of a corporal of the arm of the service to which they respectively belong. Section 31, act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. L., 756).

Feb. 2, 1901, s.

Details for recreased rank.

cruiting: in

8. 31, ibid.

HISTORICAL NOTE.-The office of Adjutant-General, which had existed during the government under the Articles of Confederation, was created by section 7 of the act of March 5, 1792 (1 Stat. L., 241), which made provision for an adjutant who was to do the duty of an inspector: section 3 of the act of May 30, 1796 (ibid., 483), contained a similar provision for an inspector who was to do the duty of adjutant-general, but who was to continue in service until March 4, 1797, and no longer. Temporary provision seems to have been made for the performance of the duties of the department from March 4, 1797, until May, 1798, when, in anticipation of war with France, an increase of the military establishment was authorized and provision made in section 6 of the act of May 28, 1798 (ibid., 538), for the appointment of an adjutant-general with the rank and pay of a brigadier-general. Section 14 of the act of March 3, 1799 (ibid., 749), contained the requirement that the adjutant-general of the Army should be, ex officio, assistant inspector-general, and that deputy inspectors-general should be, er officio, deputy adjutants-general, and should perform the duties of adjutants-general volition throw off the garments he has once put on, nor can he, the State not objecting, renounce his relations and destroy his status on the plea that if he had disclosed truthfully the facts the other party, the State, would not have entered into the new relations with him, or permitted him to change his status. U. S. v. Grimley, 137 U. S., 147.

Volunteer recruiting service.-The method of enlistment in the case of volunteers is regulated by section 5 of the act of April 22, 1898 (30 Stat. L. 361), which confers authority upon the Secretary of War "to prescribe such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the terms of this act, as may in his judgment be necessary for the purpose of examining, organizing, and receiving into service the men called for." Under the authority thus conferred regulations were prepared by the Secretary of War and promulgated to the Army in a circular from the Adjutant-General's Office under date of June 3, 1898. Section 12 of the act of March 2, 1899 (30 Stat. L., 977), authorized the recruitment of a force of 35,000 volunteers, "without restriction as to citizenship or educational qualifications." For orders regulating the enlistment and organization of this force see General Orders, No. 122 and 150, A. G. O., of 1899.

This provision has become practically obsolete, as funds for the payment of the premiums therein authorized are no longer provided for in the annual acts of appropriation for the support of the military establishment.

During the period of the war of the rebellion the amount authorized by the statute was paid, not to the person bringing the recruit, but to the recruit himself as a part of the bounty due him at enlistment. By Circular No. 24, A. G. O., of 1866, this practice was discontinued and the premium was required to be paid to any military person or civilian who brought an accepted recruit to the rendezvous; but these payments were finally suspended, until further orders, by a circular dated February 11, 1868.

22924-08-17

in the armies to which they might be assigned. These officers were disbanded on June 15, 1800, in pursuance of a requirement to that effect contained in the act of May 14, 1800 (2 ibid., 85). Section 3 of the act of March 16, 1802 (ibid., 132), provided for an adjutant and inspector of the Army, who was to be taken from the field officers. Section 4 of the act of January 11, 1812 (ibid., 671), created the office of Adjutant-General, with the rank and pay of a brigadier-general, which continued to exist until the close of the war, when it was discontinued in the reduction accomplished by the act of March 3, 1815 (3 ibid., 224). The duties of the department were again performed by officers temporarily detailed for the purpose for a little more than a year, when, by the act of April 24, 1816 (3 ibid., 297), the temporary establishment was made permanent and the strength of the department was fixed at one Adjutant and Inspector-General (brigadier-general), one assistant adjutant-general (colonel) for each division, and one assistant adjutant-general (major) for each brigade. At the general reduction of 1821 the department was reduced to a single officer-an Adjutant-General of the Army-with the rank of a colonel of cavalry. By section 7 of the act of July 5, 1838 (5 ibid., 256), two assistant adjutants-general (brevet majors) and four brevet captains were added to the department. By section 6 of the act of June 18, 1846 (9 ibid., 17), four assistant adjutants-general were added for the period of the existing war; by section 2 of the act of March 3, 1847 (ibid., 184), one lieutenantcolonel and two brevet captains were authorized under the san restriction as to tenure of office. By section 3 of the act of July 19, 1848 (ibid., 247), the limitation contained in the two acts last cited was removed, and the establishment, as it existed at the close of the war with Mexico, was made permanent; the vacancies were not to be filled, however, until the further order of Congress; but, by section 4 of the act of March 2, 1849 (ibid., 351), this restriction was repealed and the President was authorized to make appointments and promotions in the department as then constituted by law.

At the outbreak of the war of the rebellion the department was reorganized, its composition being fixed by the act of August 3, 1861 (12 Stat. L., 287), at Ï brigadiergeneral, 1 colonel, 2 lieutenant-colonels, 4 majors, and 12 captains. By section 22 of the act of July 17, 1862 (ibid., 597), 1 colonel, 2 lieutenant-colonels, and 9 majors were added to the establishment, with the requirement that vacancies in the grade of major should thereafter be filled by selections from captains in the Army. By section 10 of the act of July 28, 1866 (14 ibid., 333), the composition of the department was fixed as follows: One brigadier-general, 2 colonels, 4 lieutenant-colonels, and 13 majors. The grade of captain not being provided for in this enactment was thenceforward discontinued. This statute contained the requirement that vacancies in the office of Adjutant-General should thereafter be filled by selection from the officers of the department. By section 2 of the act of March 3, 1869 (15 ibid., 318), promotions and appointments in the department were forbidden until the further order of Congress, but by Joint Resolution, No. 12,of April 10, 1869 (16ibid., 53), this statute was suspended in its operation as to vacancies which had existed on March 3, 1869. By the act of March 3, 1873 (17 ibid., 578), the appointment of 1 major to the department was authorized and, by the act of March 3, 1875 (18 ibid., 478), the restriction upon appointments and promotions, imposed by the act of March 3, 1869, was removed, and the composition of the department fixed at 1 brigadier-general, 2 colonels, 4 lieutenant-colonels, and 10 majors. By the act of February 28, 1887 (24 ibid., 434), the grades of rank of the officers constituting the department were rearranged so as to consist of 1 brigadier-general, 4 colonels, 6 lieutenant-colonels, and 6 majors, the vacancies created by the act to be filled by promotion according to seniority. By the act of August 6, 1894 (28 ibid., 234), the number of majors in the department was reduced to 4. By the act of May 18, 1898 (30 ibid., 419), the appointment of 1 colonel and 1 major was authorized, with the proviso that, upon the muster out of the volunteer forces, no promotions or appointments should be made until the number of officers of the above grades had been reduced to that authorized by the law in force prior to the passage of the act. By section 3 of the act of June 6, 1900 (31 ibid., 655), the rank of major-general was conferred upon the Adjutant-General "during the service of the present incumbent." By section 13 of the act of February 2, 1901 (31 ibid., 751), the permanent strength of the department was fixed at 1 adjutantgeneral with the rank of major-general, until a vacancy shall occur in the office on the expiration of the service of the present incumbent, by retirement or otherwise, and thereafter with the rank of brigadier-general, 5 assistant adjutants-general with the rank of colonel, 7 assistant adjutants-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and 15 assistant adjutants-general with the rank of major. A system of details was also established, by the operation of which the permanent commissioned personnel of the department will be gradually replaced, as vacancies occur, by officers detailed from the line of the Army for duty in the Adjutant-General's Department.

Feb. 2, 1901, s.

Mar.2,1901, p. 899.

680. The Inspector-General's Department shall consist Composition. of one inspector-general with the rank of brigadier-gen- 14. v, 31. p. 751: eral, three inspectors-general with the rank of colonel, Sec.1131, B.S. four inspectors-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and nine inspectors-general with the rank of major. Sec. 14. act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. L., 751), act of March 2, 1901. (Ibid., 899.)

PROMOTIONS AND DETAILS.

* * *

Promotions.

Inspector-General's 26, v. 31, p. 755.

681. So long as there remain any officers holding perma- Feb. 2, 1901, 8. nent appointments in the Department,

* * *

* they shall be promoted according to seniority in the several grades, as now provided by law, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to apply to vacancies which can be filled by such promotions, or to the periods for which the officers so promoted shall hold their appointments. Sec. 26, act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. L., 755).

Ibid.

682. When any vacancy, except that of the chief of the Details. department or corps, shall occur, which can not be filled by promotion as provided in this section, it shall be filled

For historical note see end of chapter.

'The organization above set forth becomes operative upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the grade of colonel as established by the act of February 2, 1901. 'See also section 14, act of February 2, 1901, paragraph 680, ante.

The same.
Ibid.

Expert ac

countant.

26, p. 773.

by detail from the line of the Army, and no more permanent appointments shall be made in those departments or corps. Ibid.

683. Such details shall be made from the grade in which the vacancies exist, under such system of examination as the President may from time to time prescribe. Ibid.

684. For pay of one expert accountant for the InspectorFeb. 24, 1891, v. General's Department, to be appointed in case of vacancy, by the Secretary of War, two thousand five hundred dollars. Act of February 24, 1891 (26 Stat. L., 773).

Inspections of public works and

3 DUTIES.

685. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of War to disbursements. cause frequent inquiries to be made as to the necessity, economy, and propriety of all disbursements made by disbursing officers of the Army, and as to their strict con

Apr. 20, 1874, v. 18, p. 33.

1 For statutory regulations respecting details to the staff, see the title Details to the Staff in the chapter entitled "The Staff Departments." This section replaces the requirement of the act of June 23, 1874 (18 Stat. L., 244), authorizing the detail of four officers of the line of the Army to act as assistant inspectors.

2 For statutory provisions respecting the mileage of this officer see the act of February 27, 1893 (27 Stat. L., 480). Par. 847, post.

The duties of inspectors-general are defined in the following paragraphs of the Army Regulations of 1895 (see also G. O. 80 and 91, A. G. O. of 1898):

Officers of the Inspector-General's Department will inspect once in each year all military commands, garrisoned posts, and camps, and once in two years such ungarrisoned posts and national cemeteries as can be visited without departing materially from the routes of other prescribed inspections. (Par. 867, A. R., 1895.)

Inspections of the Military Academy will be made only under specific instructions given in each case by the Secretary of War, and inspections of the service schools, in so far as they are distinct from posts, under similar instructions given by the Secretary of War or the Commanding General of the Army. (Par. 869, ibid.)

The military department of civil institutions of learning at which officers of the Army are detailed will be inspected annually, near the close of the college year, under specific instructions. The inspecting officer, upon his arrival at the institutions, will apply to the president or the administrative officer thereof for such aid or facilities as he may require. His report will be sent to the Inspector-General of the Army, then to the Adjutant-General of the Army for note and return, and a copy furnished the president of the institution by the War Department. (Par. 870, ibid.)

The sphere of inquiry of the Inspector-General's Department includes every branch of military affairs, except when specially limited in these regulations or in orders. Inspectors-general and acting inspectors-general will exercise a comprehensive and general observation within their respective districts over all that pertains to the efficiency of the Army, the condition and state of supplies of all kinds, of arms and equipments, of the expenditure of public property and moneys, and the condition of accounts of all disbursing officers of every branch of the service; of the conduct, discipline, and efficiency of officers and troops, and report with strict impartiality in regard to all irregularities that may be discovered. From time to time they will make such suggestions as may appear to them practicable for the cure of any defect that may come under their observation. Par. 857, ibid.

Inspectors-general and acting inspectors-general are under the orders of the Secretary of War and the Commanding General of the Army only, and all orders not confidential will be issued from the Adjutant-General's Office and transmitted to them through the Inspector-General of the Army. They will make the general inspections within the limits of their respective districts, and will each be allowed the necessary clerks and one messenger, who will be assigned by the Secretary of War. (Par. 858, ibid.)

See also paragraphs 720, 859-866, 872-875, and 878-889, A. R., 1895.

The sphere of inquiry of the Inspector-General's Department includes every branch of military affairs except when specially limited in these regulations or in orders.

formity to the law appropriating the money; also to ascertain whether the disbursing officers of the Army comply with the law in keeping their accounts and making their deposits: such inquiries to be made by officers of the Inspection Department of the Army, or others detailed for that purpose: Provided, That no officer so detailed shall be in any way connected with the department or corps making the disbursement. Act of April 20, 1874 (18 Stat. L., 33). 686. That the reports of such inspections shall be made Reports of inout and forwarded to Congress with the annual report of the Secretary of War. Ibid.

spections.

mileage.

28. P. 237.

687. Hereafter no portion of the appropriation for mile-Limitation on age to officers traveling on duty without troops shall be Aug. 6, 1994, V. expended for inspections or investigations, except such as are especially ordered by the Secretary of War, or such

Inspector general and acting inspectors-general will exercise a comprehensive and general observation within their respective districts over all that pertains to the efficiency of the Army, the condition and state of supplies of all kinds, of arms and equipments, of the expenditure of public property and moneys, and the condition of accounts of all disbursing officers of every branch of the service; of the conduct, discipline, and efficiency of officers and troops, and report with strict impartiality in regard to all irregularities that may be discovered. From time to time they will make such suggestions as may appear to them practicable for the cure of any defect that may come under their observation. Par. 857, ibid.

1 INSPECTIONS OF PUBLIC WORKS AND DISBURSEMENTS.

The inspection contemplated in this provision is that required by the act of April 20, 1874 (18 Stat. L., 33). See also Chapter XLI, entitled THE NATIONAL HOME FOR DISABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.

All depots, armories, arsenals, and public works of every kind under charge of officers of the Army, except works of engineering conducted under the direction of the Secretary of War and supervision of the Chief of Engineers, will be inspected annually by officers of the Inspector-General's Department. These inspections will include military and business administration and methods, but will not extend to the scientific or technical character of work, for which the officer in charge is responsible, through the head of his department, to the Secretary of War. Par. 868, A. R., 1895. The inspection of disbursements and money accounts of disbursing officers required by act of April 20, 1874, will be made by officers of the Inspector-General's Department or others detailed for that purpose, and, as far as practicable, at irregular intervals, but no officer so detailed shall be in any way connected with the corps or staff department making the disbursement. The frequency of these inspections will be ngulated by the Secretary of War. Par. 871, ibid.

Inspectors-general and acting inspectors-general will inquire as to the necessity, economy, and propriety of all disbursements, their strict conformity to the law appropriating the money, and whether the disbursing officers comply with the law in keeping their accounts and making their deposits. A statement of receipts and expenditures and of the distribution of funds, with a list of outstanding checks, on forms furnished by the Inspector-General of the Army, will be submitted by the disbursing officer to the inspector, who should immediately transmit the list of outstanding checks to the several depositories. Upon return from a depository, balances will be verified and noted on the inspection report, which will then be forwarded to the Inspector-General. The list of outstanding checks will be retained by the inspector, and a copy, with indorsements thereon, sent to the Inspector-General. Par. 876,

ibid.

When an officer ceases to act as a disbursing officer he will submit to the officer to whom the inspection of his accounts has been assigned a statement of his money accounts from date of last inspection to and including the closing of his accounts, with a list of outstanding checks. If an inspection be impracticable, the statement will be forwarded to the Inspector-General of the Army. Par. 877, ibid.