for the senior class in the eye clinics of the Bobb's Dispensary. During the college session the clinic is in charge of Dr. D. A. Thompson, chief, and Dr. Eugene Davis, assistant. During the summer the clinic is entirely in charge of Dr. Davis. Clinics on the eye are held three mornings each week throughout the year. In this clinic alone last year, there were treated over 2,100 cases. Recent interesting cases were one of dermoid cyst at the margin of the cornea; one of gumma of the iris; two of retinitis-albuminuria. Cases for major operations are sent to the hospital for clinical instruction, while the minor operations are performed in the operating room connected with the dispensary. In the sectional teaching the aim is to give the student some knowledge of all the various subjects appertaining to the field of opthalmology, and to instruct him more fully in those diseases that fall to the general practitioner to treat. The clinic affords much opportunity to study inflammatory diseases and those of the anterior segment of the eve. To the students are explained the different methods or refraction with the uses of the opthalmoscope, retinoscope and trial-case. The college has one large, light room for refraction and treatment of inflammatory cases, and a dark room for the use of the opthalmoscope and retinoscope. An artificial eye is provided for the students to familiarize themselves with the use of the opthalmoscope and opportunity is also given for them to examine the fundus of cases with dilated pupils. Strophine is the mydriatic used in a large per cent. of the refractive cases. Scopolamin and homatropine are used where especially indicated. Boracic acid is relied upon as a mild antiseptic in inflammations of the conjunctiva. The silver salts are used in the severer inflammatory cases. Cocaine in two to four per cent. solutions is used by the physician in charge as a local anaesthetic. is never prescribed for the patients' use at home. Over fifteen per cent. of the cases require lenses. The clinic is one of the most valuable to the city poor in the college service, and is correspondingly popular. It is never taken advantage of by It those able to secure the service of competent oculists. Ohio Valley Association at Evansville. The Ohio Valley Medical Association I will meet at Evansville, Ind., November 6 and 7, 1902. It is the outgrowth of the Morganfield District Medical Association, and has for its object the bringing together the doctors from both sides of the Ohio. The profession of Evansville cordially invite you to attend and take part in the meeting. The social features will not be neglected. Come and bring your neighbors. One and one-third fares by boat and rail on the certificate plan. Dr. A. M. Hayden, chairman; Dr. Edwin Walker, Dr. L. D. Brose, Dr. B. L. W. Floyd, Dr. I. E. Cottingham, Dr. M. Ravdin, committee of arrangements. The Indiana Medical College in 1870. At a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Indiana Medical College, yesterday afternoon, the following officers were elected, to serve until the annual meeting on the last Saturday in March 1870: President-Samuel E. Perkins, Esq. Vice President-George W. Mears, M. D. Treasurer-John A. Comingore, M. D. Secretary-William B. Fletcher, M. D. The Faculty is constituted as follows: Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery, J. S. Bobbs, M. D. Professor of Clinical and Operative Surgery, J. A. Comingore, M. D. Professor of Obstetrics, George W. Mears, M. D. Professor of Diseases of Women and Children, T. B. Harvey, M. D. Professor of Anatomy, L. D. Waterman, M. D. Professor of Pathology and Practice of Medicine, R. N. Todd, M. D. Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology, R. T. Brown, M. D. Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, F. S. Newcomer, M. D. Professor of Physiology, W. B. Fletcher, M. D. Demonstrator of Anatomy, Charles E. Wright, M. D. These gentlemen, together with Judge Samuel E. Perkins and John D. How land, Esq., are the trustees of the institution. (Dr. Newcomer declined.) At a meeting of the Faculty of the Indiana Medical College, held yesterday afternoon, the following were elected officers of the Faculty until the next annual election, on the first Monday in March, 1870: President John S. Bobbs, M. D. Of the above list, from the Daily Journal of that year, handed to the editor by Dr. L. D. Waterman, all are dead save Drs. Waterman, Comingore and W. B. Fletcher. The Indiana Medical College Opening-The Clinical Work. The college opened September 24th with addresses by the dean, Dr. Henry Jameson, and other officers of the college. There were 298 students matriculated the first week. There were over 320 students October 1st, which exceeds the attendance of the first week of last year. Drs. John J. Kyle, lecturer on laryngology and otology and assistant to the chair of surgical pathology; Fred R. Pettyjohn, demonstrator of histology; Louis E. Berner, demonstrator of histology; J. M. Stoddard, instructor in Latin; S. R. Cunningham, demonstrator of anatomy and histology; Nelson D. Brayton, demonstrator of bacteriology and assistant to the chair of dermatology, syphiology and clinical medicine; Albert C. Kimberlin, lecturer on clinical medicine, and H. M. Lash, lecturer on physiology of the nervous system and clinical psychiatry, were added to the teaching faculty since the last session of the school. Clinics at the Central Hospital for Insane commenced Tuesday, P. M., September 30th, Drs. Lash and Reyer presenting the cases. These clinics are open to all the medical students of the city. Bedside clinics began at the City Hospital, October 1st, Drs. Kimberlin and McAlexander as clinical lecturers. These clinics are held daily until the commencement of the New Year. Drs. T. Potter, E. Rever, F. B. Wynn, C. E. Ferguson, J. H. Taylor, John W. Sluss, C. R. Schaffer, R. H. Ritter and F. O. Dorsey will also teach in these bedside clinics. The regular Wednesday and Saturday afternoon clinics at the City Hospital began October 1st. Drs. L. H. Dunning, W. N. Wishard, Geo. J. Cook, John H. Oliver, H. Jameson, T. Potter, L. C. Cline, F. Morrison, A. W. Brayton, W. B. Fletcher, Dan'l A. Thompson, Edward D. Clark, E. Reyer, E. Hadley, Wm. M. Wright and O. G. Pfaff will represent the Indiana Medical College Faculty until the holidays. These are the most popular clinics of the city and are open to all medical students of the city upon payment of $3 for the college year. St. Vincents Hospital clinics were opened Friday, September 26th, by Drs. J. H. Oliver and F. A. Morrison. They assemble in the amphitheater designed by the late Dr. Joseph Marsee and whose last clinic was held there some two weeks before his death. The sophomore, junior and senior classes of the college attend these clinics to the number of over 200 upon Friday afternoon; the Monday afternoon clinic is reserved for the senior students. In St. Vincents Hospital the college maintains a free ward for the use of interesting cases from outside of the city who are not able to pay for hospital accommodations. Students also attend clinics at the Bobbs Dispensary from 8:30 to 9:30, at the college, daily. These clinics cover every department of medicine and sur gery. Obstetrical clinics are held at the only maternity hospital of the city. Senior students are notified and go on call, night or day, irrespective of all other college duties. Opening of the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons. This college was organized in the fall of 1879 and is now about to enter its beautiful new building on Senate avenue, just above the Deaconess Hospital, one of the most desirable locations in the city. As the building (October 2d) lacks some 20 days of completion and furnishing, the sessions began in the college property on South street. Dr. J. F. Barnhill, secretary, and Dr. A. Maxwell, dean, met the classes and commenced the initiatory work. Addi Since the close of the last session, the following changes and additions have been made to the faculty: Dr. Louis Burkhardt, Professor of Physiology; John T. Scott, professor of Obstetrics; Geo. Pendleton, professor of Hygiene and Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children; Thos. B. Eastman, Professor of Abdominal Surgery and Diseases of Women; T. B. Noble, Clinical Professor of Abdominal Surgery and Diseases of Women. tional lecturers are as follows: Wm. M. Pierson, Therapeutics and Practice; Frank F. Hutchins on Diseases of the Mind; Frank F. Foxworthy, Diseases of the Rectum and Assistant Director Anatomical Laboratory; H. C. Kahlo, Lecturer on Dental Surgery. Drs. J. C. Sexton, of Rushville; Walker Schell, of Terre Haute; C. J. Helm, of Peru; Geo. R. Green, of Muncie; O. J. Gronendyke, of New Castle; Geo. H. Grant, of Richmond, have been added to the teaching corps as special lecturers on subjects in which they are interested. The dedicatory services of the new building will take place about November 1, when some medical man of note will give an address to the profession and the laity. There were forty-two new students registered for the coming year. With a consolidated body of able men as teachers, a new building favorably located and har monious faculty, the Central College is certain of a useful and prosperous year. NECROLOGY. The Lesson of Virchow's Life. Of this eminent scientist we find an excellent estimate in The Independent of September 18th, from which we make the following extracts: Full of days, at the ripe age of 81, Professor Rudolf Virchow, the greatest medical scientist of this, perhaps of any, generation, passed away at the beginning of September. Few men have been honored so universally by their contemporaries and fewer still have deserved the honors so well as Virchow. The medical world united last October on his 80th birthday in acclaiming his scientific mer its, and the medical journals of every civilized country have during the past week been replete with their expressions of regret for the passing of the great medical discoverer. To him more than to any other is due the present status of medicine. Not only did he lay the foundations of modern pathology in his monograph on cellular pathology, published when he was scarcely 35 years of age, but he added to his original brilliant discoveries in successive editions of that work, developed the important principles of the application of the cell doctrine to the study of diseased tissues and showed how the problems presented by inflammation and pathological tumors found their only rational solution in the study of the cellular changes that characterized these conditions. But Virchow was no mere closet philosopher or laboratory investigator. The practice of medicine at the time of his graduation was in such an unsatisfactory condition that it offered little inducement as a career to a man of Virchow's straightforward, vigorous, logical spirit. His practical genius could not be confined to pathological speculation nor his philanthropic instincts satisfied with great original observations even though they were concerned with the humanitarian science of medicine. The ills of mankind, social as well as physical, appealed to him, and very soon he realized that his vocation was to minister to men, widen their knowledge and subserve their interests, not from any single standpoint, but from nearly every possible direction. How nobly he fulfilled that vocation his life story tells. He was an example to "the heirs of all the ages in the foremost files of time" of what a man can make of his life and at how many points he can make it touch the life around him and everywhere for good. It is for this rather than his scientific discoveries, great as they were, that Virchow deserves to be remembered. He found time for manifold scientific studies, yet he never neglected the simple civic duties for which so many a less devoted scientist can find no leisure. He never considered scientific pursuits as a legitimate pretext for the neglect of opportunities to benefit the generation around him, though he saw his efforts fail over and over again and knew how meager the appreciation that ever accrues to such efforts. When the roll of great good citizens shall be called Virchow's name will head the list, for his life is a model to a busy generation prone to slur over civic duties of what can be accomplished in such matters by those who have sincere good will to guide them. Virchow the man is even more interesting and attractive than Virchow the scientist. He was self-made in the best sense of the words. He was born in the little town of Schivelbein in Pomerania, one of the poorest of the Prusian provinces. His father was a small shopkeeper, and the boy Virchow could have only the opportunities afforded by the village school. He attended this till he was 13 years of age, when he was sent to the gymnasium in the not far distant town of Koslin. He spent four years here and then went to Berlin for his medical studies. The University of Berlin did not enjoy in the fourth decade of the nineteenth century anything like the reputation it has acquired since. The medical school at Vienna was far more famous. Virchow was sent there because living was cheaper rather than because of any special educational advantages presented. His going to Berlin, however, was fortunate for him, since he fell in with a goodly company of young, brilliant students, many of whom were destined to be scarcely less famous than himself, and whose united efforts were to bring reputation to their alma mater and to the medicine of their fatherland. It is doubtful if a more talented coterie of students ever gathered around a single professor at the same time than were assembled in the lecture rooms of the medical school at Berlin at this time. The source of their inspiration was Johann Muller, the distinguished physiologist, and every one of his illustrious pupils has borne cordial testimony to the marvelous influence of the master. With Virchow at Berlin were Schwann, the founder of the cell theory; Du Bois Reymond, the physiologist; Helmholtz, the physicist; Heule, the anatomist, and Brucke, the physiologist, not to mention. for the moment such lesser lights in medical science, many of whose names will remain imperishably associated with discoveries in human anatomy or physiology, as Lieberkuhn, Lachmann, Reichert, Claparede, Troschel and Remak. In association with such geniuses it is no wonder that Virchow developed young and that when scarcely 25 he was appointed a regular lecturer at the University of Berlin and founded the Archives for Pathological Anatomy, for Physical, and for Clinical Medicine, which has been published under his editorial guidance ever since. Just after his election as lecturer there occurred a noteworthy event that proved a turning point in his life history and mental development. He was sent as the medical member of a Government commission to investigate the suffering among the hand weavers in Silesia, brought to destitution by the introduction of machinery. The scenes of distress he saw were those that have been staged with so much dramatic poignancy by Gerhardt Hauptmann in "Die Weber."" They affected Virchow very deeply. More than fifty years afterward I heard him describe with every manifestation of lively sympathy the awful condition of the starved people and the expedients they tried in order to cheat their hunger. Virchow came back to Berlin with a new purpose in life in his heart. He was resolved to use his talents as far as possible for the uplifting of the poor and the prevention of suffering. When the revolutionary ideas became rampant in Europe in 1848 Virchow was one of the enthusiastic young Germans who were infected by them. Some, like the recently deceased General Siegel, Carl Schurz and Dr. Jacobi, had to quit the Fatherland. What was Germany's loss proved America's gain. For what were considered unguarded expressions against the Government Virchow was asked to resign his position at the University. Already, however, his articles on many subjects in his Archives had attracted widespread attention. His observations on the white blood corpuscles, on thrambosis, on certain phenomena of inflammation and on various intestinal parasites stamped him as an investigating genius of very high order. Accordingly it was not long before he was offered the chair of pathological anatomy at Wurzburg. Here in the next eight years, apart from the distraction of politics, he did the great work of his life. In a few years the attention of the whole medical world was drawn to the little Bavarian university, that had hitherto escaped any extensive notice. As a result of the recognition of the fact that his work on cellular pathology opened up a new era in medicine, Virchow was recalled to Berlin, this time to the full professorship of pathological anatomy. For many years discoveries followed each other without pause. His observations on the various stages of inflammation and on tumors set the medical world on the right track with regard to topics that had hitherto proven most obscure and confusing. But he did not limit his studies to pathology. He wrote articles of light and leading on various subjects connected with public and school and military hygiene, on hospital arrangement and regulation, on epidemic and endemic diseases, on the relations of criminality and pathology and forensic medicine, on medical statistics and, finally, on the cleansing and sanitation of cities. Nor did he confine his intellectual labors to medical subjects. His early studies. on the pathology of the skull and on criminal deformities aroused his interest in the varying shapes of normal skulls and he developed no little time to the investigation of racial cranial peculiarities, so that he became the leading authority on the subject. Other departments of anthropology were taken up, and then he became interested in ethnology and archeology. As a result he lent all the weight of his influence to secure Government encouragement and aid for the various museums in Berlin. He even went to Hissarlik while Schliemann was engaged in his excavations at Troy, and it is not a little owing to his interest that the Muscum at Berlin possesses the Schliemann collections. All this would seem more than enough to occupy all the time of a very busy man, yet Virchow had other matters in hand. He edited an extensive system of medicine, he guided editorially several medical journals besides the one known by his name, and he accepted the editorial supervision of the "Virchow Sammlung" of pamphlets on many historical questions. Any who knew the man will realize that his editorship was no mere name. Surely if any one ever could, the man who was bound by all these obligations might justifiably advance the excuse that he had no time for politics. But Virchow did not. His duty as a citizen and the opportunities to help his generation solve the problems presented to it appealed to him even in the midst of his absorbing occupations and the appeal was faithfully heeded. His bitter experience at the beginning of his career did not discourage him. He had not been back in Berlin two years when he accepted the position of City Councilor. He continued to hold his seat and faithfully fulfilled the duties for over forty years. When he took the place Berlin was a comparatively small city. It grew to be one of the great cities of the world, and Virchow was ever ready to face the onerous duty of helping to meet the problems this growth created. To him was intrusted the task of providing a pure water supply and of directing in the disposal of the city sewerage. This last problem was particularly trying since Berlin has no nearby river to carry off its sewage, the Spree being scarcely more than a sluggish creek. The proudest feelings of Virchow's life were wrapped up in the realization that he had helped solve this difficult problem. He spoke of nothing with more complacency than that the workmen on the immense sewage farms to which Berlin's excrementitious material is distributed suffered less from contagious diseases, and especially from contagious intestinal diseases, than the general run of the inhabitants of Berlin. Every day the health record of the men were brought to him and no care was thought too great to secure their continuance in good health and their protection from all possible dangers. But Virchow's political interests did not stop here. Five years after his return to Berlin as professor he was elected a member of the Prussian Legislature. Here he at once made himself felt and he continued to be one of its most active mmbers from 1862 to the beginning of the present year, when an accident prevented his further attendance. For over twentyfive years he held the important post of chairman of the Finance Committee, and it is said that to him is due the suggestions that form the basis of the present system of Prussian finance. In the |