International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payment Yearbook, Vol. 29,
May 1978.

Transportation Association of America, Transportation Facts and Trends, 12th ed., Washington, D.C., July 1976.

Transportation Facts and Trends, Quarterly Supplement, Washington, D.C., April 1977 and April 1978.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturers: 1972, Series MC 72(2), Washington, D.C., 1973.

Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 313, "Households and Families by Type: March 1977 (Advance Report)," Washington, D.C., 1978.

Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 327, "Households and Families by Type: March 1978 (Advance Report)," Washington,

D.C., 1978.

Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 721, "Estimates of the Population of the United States, by Age, Sex, and Race: 1970 to 1977," Washington, D.C., 1978.

Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 109, Washington,
D.C., 1978.

Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 114, Washington,
D.C., 1978.

Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 119, Washington,
D.C., 1978.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, The National
Income and Product Accounts of the United States, 1929-1974,
Statistical Tables, Washington, D.C., 1976.

Survey of Current Business, 57, No. 7, Washington, D.C., July 1977.

Survey of Current Business, 58, No. 7, Washington, D.C., July 1978.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Autumn 1977 Urban Family Budgets and Comparative Indexes for Selected Urban Areas, USDL: 78-393, Washington, D.C., April 26, 1978.

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,
Selected Highway Statistics 1976, Washington, D.C.

APPENDIX

CONVERSIONS

Conversion of Constant Dollar Values

Many types of information in this Data Book are expressed in dollar values. For example, the price of a barrel of oil, the Gross National Product, the incomes earned by the households, and the price of a gallon of gasoline are all expressed in dollar values. Generally, constant dollars are used. That is, dollars of a fixed value for a specific year such as 1975 dollars.

To convert current dollars to constant dollars, or to convert constant dollars for one year to constant dollars for another year, requires conversion factors such as those in the two tables on this page.

The first table shows conversion factors using the Gross National Product (GNP) inflation factors. These factors allow one to convert the GNP value expressed in 1975 dollars to the 1977 dollars by multiplying times 1.110.

The second table shows conversion factors for the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation factors.

The base year (constant dollar year) for

GNP estimates is 1972, and 1967 is the base year (constant dollar year) for CPI estimates.

Note that the CPI values do not show changes as large as those for the GNP values, but the two indices do move together.

Table A.1. GNP Inflation Index (base year = 1972)

aCare should be exercised in the use of this nomen-
clature, especially in foreign correspondence, as it is
either unknown or carries a different value in other
countries. A "billion," for example signifies a value
of 1012 in most other countries.

10-3

milli

m

10-2

centi

c

10-1

deci

d

a

f

n

น

100

101

deca

da

101

hecto

h