INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS.

Page 1

PART I.-RAILROAD HISTORY BEFORE 1878.

Early railroad legislation. - Condition of roads in 1870. - State inter-

ference foreshadowed in early legislation. - Iowa's industrial

condition in 1870. Evils of discriminating rates. — - The

Grange movement. - The Maximum Rate Law. -Its judicial

interpretation. Effect of the law

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PART II. - THE ADVISORY COMMISSION.

Page 19

CHAPTER I. The Commissioner Law and Iowa's Condition in 1878.

- The Commissioner law. - Interpretation of the law in case

of Keokuk and Des Moines Railway Company vs. Des Moines

and Fort Dodge Railway Company. - Schedule of rates estab-

lished in 1879.- What constitutes a reasonable rate. - The

proper basis of rates. - Railroad building in Iowa. - The fall

of rates, 1878-1884. — The industrial change in Iowa, 1875-1885,

Page 33

CHAPTER II. Discrimination. - Just and unjust discrimination. —
Special rates to competitive points. The long and short haul
principle. Discrimination in classification. - Pro rata rate.
- Cost of service as an element in rates. - Elevator facili-

ties. - Derangement of rates through interstate commerce.

Against Iowa towns. - Car distribution and the coal problem.

- Wholesale principle and the abolition of jobbers' rates.

The car-load rate
Page 48

CHAPTER III. Pooling. -The Iowa pool. - Views held by the Com-

mission

Page 77

CHAPTER IV. Adequate Service. - Abandonment of track. — Fail-

ure to furnish cars. - Delay in transit. - Construction of wyes.

- Station facilities. — Handling cars of connecting lines.

Adequate train service

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Page 80

CHAPTER V. Maintenance of Way.-Obstruction and overflow.—

Roads and bridges. - Fencing track. - Farm crossings and

cattle-guards. Highway and street crossings

Page 90

CHAPTER VI. Damages. -Jurisdiction of the Board in such cases.
- The Board as arbitrator

Page 94

Page 100

- Investigation of the rate schedules

CHAPTER VIII. Interstate Commerce. - State vs. interstate traffic

in Iowa. Views of the Commissioners at different times on

the subject of control over interstate commerce. Page 103

CHAPTER IX. Railroad Reports. - The law on the subject. - Diffi-

culties encountered in securing reports. · Progress made by

the Commission

Page 112

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CHAPTER X. Investigation of Accidents. — The law on the subject.

- Injuries resulting from coupling cars.

safety appliances

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- The adoption of

Page 117

CHAPTER XI. Conclusions. - Purpose in the establishment of the
Commission. Its character. - Extent of compliance on the
part of railroads. - Increase of powers in amendment of 1884.
- Elements of success and failure.

PART III. - COMMISSION WITH POWER.

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Page 120

CHAPTER I. The Commissioner Law. - Causes for its passage..

History of its passage. Provisions of the Act.-Methods of

procedure under the law. - Change in the manner of choosing

Commissioners

Page 135

CHAPTER II. The Law in Practice. - Preparation of schedules.

Refusal of railroads to adopt. - Injunction suits. - Complaints

of the Iowa jobbers resulting in a new classification. — Appli-

cation for permanent injunction denied. — Adoption by rail-

roads of Commission's schedule

Page 147

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CHAPTER III. Discrimination. - Principle of the new law. - Inter-

state shipments. - Trackage facilities. - Railroads with privi-

leges of merchants. — Railroad control over depot grounds. —

Joint rates. Lack of power to establish. — Legislation. -

History of the Joint Rate Act in the courts .. Page 157

CHAPTER IV. Questions of Jurisdiction. — Interstate commerce.
Switching cases. - Suits brought to enforce orders of public
right made under the State law not removable to United
States courts

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Page 171

CHAPTER V. Other Powers Exercised.-Inadequate train service

on branch lines. - Station facilities. — Farm crossings. - Rail-

road crossings

Page 176

CHAPTER VI. Methods of Procedure. - Difficulties arising because

latest statute did not repeal entirely previous statutes. - Dis-

cussion of the question by the Supreme Court. - Effect of the

Court's decisions

CHAPTER VII.

Page 183

Conclusions. Success of the strong Commission. —

Stability of rates. -Increase in tonnage and revenue. - Devel-

opment of home industry

PART IV.-GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.

Page 194

SUCCESS OF A PARTICULAR FORM OF COMMISSION DEPENDENT UPON

THREE CIRCUMSTANCES. - Character of population. - Indus-

trial condition. — Geographical situation
. Page 201

COMPARISON OF MASSACHUSETTS AND IOWA. - Advisory commission

and commission with power. - Feeling between shippers and

carriers. Residence of stockholders. - Permanence of tenure

of Commissioners. - Iowa law making Commissioners elec-

tive . .
Page 201

MULTIPLICATION OF STATE COMMISSIONS NOT A SOLUTION OF THE

PROBLEM OF CONTROL. - Interstate character of a large por-

tion of the business. - Selfishness often governs the actions

of State commissions. - Lack of harmony between States in

classification of goods. - The problem to be worked out through

a division of powers between State and national commissions,

Page 207

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APPENDIX.

I. LAWS RELATING TO THE IOWA COMMISSION

1. The Advisory Commission Law of 1878

2. The Amendment of 1884. .

215

215

224

3. The Law of 1888. - Commission with power

225

4. The Joint Rate Act

247

II. LIST OF IOWA COMMISSIONERS, 1878-1894

III. TABLE OF COMPLAINTS PRESENTED TO THE IOWA COM-

251

MISSION,

1878-1894.

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