the island, or any part thereof, under martial law until communication can be had with the President and the President's decision therein made known.

Sec. 12, act March 2, 1917 (39 Stat. 955); 48 U. S. C. 771.

*

484a. Suppression of violence; Virgin Islands.The Governor shall faithfully execute the laws of the United States applicable to the Virgin Islands, and the laws and ordinances of the Virgin Islands ** He may call upon the commanders of the military and naval forces of the United States in the islands or summon the posse comitatus, or call out the militia, to prevent or suppress violence, invasion, insurrection, or rebellion; and he may, in case of rebellion or invasion, or imminent danger thereof, when the public safety requires it, suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, or place the islands, or any part thereof, under martial law, until communication can be had with the President and the President's decision thereon made known, * Sec. 20, act of June 22, 1936 (49 Stat. 1812); 48 U. S. C. 14058. 485. Enforcement of neutrality.-Whoever, being a person belonging to the armed land or naval forces of a belligerent nation or belligerent faction of any nation and being interned in the United States, in accordance with the law of nations, shall leave or attempt to leave said jurisdiction, or shall leave or attempt to leave the limits of internment in which freedom of movement has been allowed, without permission from the proper official of the United States in charge, or shall willfully overstay a leave of absence granted by such official, shall be subject to arrest by any marshal or deputy marshal of the United States, or by the military or naval authorities thereof, and shall be returned to the place of internment and there confined and safely kept for such period of time as the official of the United States in charge shall direct; and whoever, within the jurisdiction of the United States and subject thereto, shall aid or entice any interned person to escape or attempt to escape from the jurisdiction of the United States, or from the limits of internment prescribed, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. Sec. 7, Title V, act of June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 223); 18 U. S. C. 37.

That the President may employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States as he may deem necessary to carry out the purposes of this title. Sec. 9, Title V, act of June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 223); 18 U. S. C. 38.

* That the President of the United States is hereby authorized and empowered to employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States as shall be necessary to carry out the purposes of this act. Sec. 806, Title VIII, act of Sept. 8, 1916 (39 Stat. 800); 15 U. S. C. 77.

The third paragraph of this section refers to the enforcement of provisions against unfair methods of competition in trade during a war in which the United States is not engaged, as contained in secs. 5 and 6, act of Sept. 8, 1916 (39 Stat. 799).

486. This section, based on R. S. 2150; 25 U. S. C. 223, and R. S. 2151; 25 U. S. C. 224, was expressly repealed by act of May 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 787).

487. This section, based on R. S. 2152; 25 U. S. C. 225, was expressly repealed by act of May 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 787).

488. Indian country; removal of settlers.-Every person who makes a settlement on any lands belonging, secured, or granted by treaty with the United States to any Indian tribe, or surveys or attempts to survey such lands, or to designate any of the boundaries by marking trees, or otherwise, is liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars. The President may, moreover, take such measures and employ such military force as may judge necessary to remove any such person from the lands. R. S. 2118; 25 U. 8. C. 180.

The word "he" is obviously omitted in next to the last line. It appears in the act of June 30, 1834 (4 Stat. 730), from which R. S. 2118 was taken.

489. This section, based on R. S. 2147; 25 U. S. C. 220, was expressly repealed by act of May 21, 1934 (48 Stat. 787).

490. Indian country; suppression of liquor traffic.—If any superintendent of Indian affairs, Indian agent, or subagent, or commanding officer of any military post has reason to suspect or is informed that any white person or Indian is about to introduce or has introduced any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country in violation of law, such superintendent, agent, subagent, or commanding officer may cause the boats, stores, packages, wagons, sleds, and places of deposit of such person to be searched; and if any such liquor is found therein, the same, together with the boats, teams, wagons, and sleds used in conveying the same, and also the goods, packages, and peltries, of such person, shall be seized and delivered to the proper officer, and shall be proceeded against by libel in the proper court, and forfeited, one-half to the informer and the other half to the use of the United States; and if such person be a trader his license shall be revoked and his bond put in suit. It shall, moreover, be the duty of any person in the service of the United States or of any Indian to take and destroy any ardent spirits or wine found in the Indian country, except such as may be introduced therein by the War Department. In all cases arising under this and the preceding section Indians shall be competent witnesses. R. S. 2140; 25 U. S. C. 246.

The provisions of sections twenty-one hundred and forty and twentyone hundred and forty-one of the Revised Statutes of the United States shall also apply to beer and other intoxicating liquors named in the Act of January thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven (Twenty-ninth Statutes at Large, page five hundred and six), and the possession by a person of intoxicating liquors in the country where the introduction is prohibited by treaty or Federal statute shall be prima facie evidence of unlawful introduction. Sec. 1, act of May 18, 1916 (39 Stat. 124); 25 U. S. C. 252, 245.

Act of July 23, 1892, by its title purported to amend this section and R. S. 2141, besides R. S. 2139, but its provisions amended R. S. 2139 only.

The words of this section, "superintendent of Indian affairs," have become inoperative; no appropriations for such superintendents having been made since 1877 (19 Stat. 271). 491. Collection of customs.-It shall be unlawful to take any vessel or cargo detained under the preceding section from the custody of the proper officers of the customs, unless by process of some court of the United States; and in case of any attempt otherwise to take such vessel or cargo by any force, or combination, or assemblage of persons, too great to be overcome by the officers of the customs, the President, or such person as he shall have empowered for that purpose, may employ such part of the Army or Navy or militia of the United States, or such force of citizen volunteers as may be necessary, to prevent the removal of such vessel or cargo, and to protect the officers of the customs in retaining the custody thereof. R. S. 5316; 50 U. S. C. 220.

The "preceding section," R. S. 5315, authorizes the detention of vessels by the customs authorities until duties have been paid in cash.

492. Control of vessels in ports of the United States.-The President may employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States as he may deem necessary to carry out the purpose of this title. Sec. 4, Title II, act of June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 220); 50 U. S. C. 194.

The title of which this section is a part provides for the regulation of vessels in the territorial waters of the United States when the President has declared a national emergency to exist.

493. Prevention of illegal export of arms.-The President may employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States as he may deem necessary

to carry out the purposes of this title. Sec. 8, Title VI, act of June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 225); 22 U. B. C. 245.

The title referred to provides for the seizure of arms and other articles intended for export in violation of law.

494. Prevention of peonage. The holding of any person to service or labor under the system known as peonage is abolished and forever prohibited in the Territory of New Mexico, or in any other Territory or State of the United States; and all acts, laws, resolutions, orders, regulations, or usages of the Territory of New Mexico, or of any other Territory or State, which have heretofore established, maintained, or enforced, or by virtue of which any attempt shall hereafter be made to establish, maintain, or enforce, directly or indirectly, the voluntary or involuntary service or labor of any persons as peons, in liquidation of any debt or obligation, or otherwise, are declared null and void. R. S. 1990; 8 U. S. C. 56.

The second paragraph of the 1929 text of this section, based on R. S. 1991, was expressly repealed by sec. 1, act of Mar. 3, 1933 (47 Stat. 1429).

495. Protection of discoverers of guano islands.-The President is authorized, at his discretion, to employ the land and naval forces of the United States to protect the rights of the discoverer or of his widow, heir, executor, administrator, or assigns. R. 8. 5577; 48 U. 8. C. 1418.

This section refers to any citizen of the United States who discovers and takes peaceable possession of islands containing deposits of guano. See R, S. 5570.

496. Protection of persons extradited. Whenever any person is delivered by any foreign government to an agent of the United States, for the purpose of being brought within the United States and tried for any crime of which he is duly accused, the President shall have power to take all necessary measures for the transportation and safe-keeping of such accused person, and for his security against lawless violence, until the final conclusion of his trial for the crimes or offenses specified in the warrant of extradition, and until his final discharge from custody or imprisonment for or on account of such crimes or offenses, and for a reasonable time thereafter, and may employ such portion of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia thereof, as may be necessary for the safe-keeping and protection of the accused. R. S. 5275; 18 U. S. C. 659.

497. Protection of national parks in California.-The Secretary of War, upon the request of the Secretary of the Interior, is hereafter authorized and directed to make the necessary detail of troops to prevent trespassers or intruders from entering the Sequoia National Park, the Yosemite National Park, and the General Grant National Park, respectively, in California, for the purpose of destroying the game or objects of curiosity therein, or for any other purpose prohibited by law or regulation for the government of said reservations, and to remove such persons from said parks if found therein. Sec. 1, act of June 6, 1900 (31 Stat. 618); 16 U. S. C. 78.

498. Protection of Yellowstone National Park.-The Secretary of War, upon the request of the Secretary of the Interior, is hereby authorized and directed to make the necessary details of troops to prevent trespassers or intruders from entering the park for the purpose of destroying the game or objects of curiosity therein, or for any other purpose prohibited by law, and to remove such persons from the park if found therein. Act of Mar. 3, 1883 (22 Stat. 627); 16 U. S. C. 23.

This provision was not repealed by act of May 7, 1894, by express provision of sec. 10 of that act (28 Stat. 75).

499. Protection of timber in Florida.-The President is authorized to employ so much of the land and naval forces of the United States as may be necessary effectually to prevent the felling, cutting down, or other destruction of the timber of the United States in Florida, and to prevent the transportation or carrying away any such timber as may be already felled or cut down; and to take such other and further measures as may be deemed advisable for the preservation of the timber of the United States in Florida. R. S. 2460; 16 U. S. C.

593.

500. Removal of unlawful inclosure of public lands. That the President is hereby authorized to take such measures as shall be necessary to remove and destroy any unlawful inclosure of any of said lands, and to employ civil or military force as may be necessary for that purpose. Sec. 5, act of Feb. 25, 1885 (23 Stat. 322); 43 U. S. C. 1065.

501. Removal of unauthorized persons from ceded lands.-That if any person or persons shall, after the passing of this act, take possession of, or make a settlement on any lands ceded or secured to the United States, by any treaty made with a foreign nation, or by a cession from any State to the United States, which lands shall not have been previously sold, ceded, or leased by the United States, or the claim to which lands, by such person or persons, shall not have been previously recognized and confirmed by the United States; or if any person or persons shall cause such lands to be thus occupied, taken possession of, or settled; or shall survey, or attempt to survey, or cause to be surveyed, any such lands; or designate any boundaries thereon, by marking trees or otherwise, until thereto duly authorized by law; such offender or offenders, shall forfeit all his or their right, title, and claim, if any he hath, or they have, of whatsoever nature or kind the same shall or may be, to the lands aforesaid, which he or they shall have taken possession of, or settled, or cause to be occupied, taken possession of, or settled, or which he or they shall have surveyed, or attempt to survey, or cause to be surveyed, or the boundaries thereof he or they shall have designated, or cause to be designated, by marking trees or otherwise. And it shall moreover be lawful for the President of the United States, to direct the marshal, or officer acting as marshal in the manner hereinafter directed, and also to take such other measures, and to employ such military force as he may judge necessary and proper, to remove from lands ceded, or secured to the United States, by treaty or cession as aforesaid, any person or persons who shall hereafter take possession of the same, or make or attempt to make a settlement thereon, until thereunto authorized by law. And every right, title, or claim, forfeited under this act, shall be taken and deemed to be vested in the United States, without any other or further proceedings: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to affect the right, title, or claim, of any person to lands in the territories of Orleans or Louisiana, before the boards of commissioners established by the act, entitled "An act for ascertaining and adjusting the titles and claims to land within the territory of Orleans and the district of Louisiana," shall have made their reports and the decision of Congress been had thereon. Sec. 1, act Mar. 3, 1807 (2 Stat. 445).

502., Suppression of insurrection against a State. In case of an insurrection in any State, against the government thereof, it shall be lawful for the President, on application of the legislature of such State, or of the executive, when the legislature can not be convened, to call forth such number of the militia of any other State or States, which may be applied for, as he deems sufficient to suppress such insurrection; or, on like application, to employ, for the same pur

poses, such part of the land or naval forces of the United States as he deems necessary. R. S. 5297; 50 U. S. C. 201.

503. Suppression of rebellion against the United States. Whenever, by reason of unlawful obstructions, combinations, or assemblages of persons, or rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States, it shall become impracticable, in the judgment of the President, to enforce, by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, the laws of the United States within any State or Territory, it shall be lawful for the President to call forth the militia of any or all the States, and to employ such parts of the land and naval forces of the United States as he may deem necessary to enforce the faithful execution of the laws of the United States, or to suppress such rebellion, in whatever State or Territory thereof the laws of the United States may be forcibly opposed, or the execution thereof forcibly obstructed. R. S. 5298; 50 U. S. C. 202.

504. Enforcement of constitutional rights, privileges, and immunities.-Whenever insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combinations, or conspiracies in any State so obstructs or hinders the execution of the laws thereof, and of the United States, as to deprive any portion or class of the people of such State of any of the rights, privileges, or immunities, or protection, named in the Constitution and secured by the laws for the protection of such rights, privileges, or immunities, and the constituted authorities of such State are unable to protect, or, from any cause, fail in or refuse protection of the people in such rights, such facts shall be deemed a denial by such State of the equal protection of the laws to which they are entitled under the Constitution of the United States; and in all such cases, or whenever any such insurrection, violence, unlawful combination or conspiracy, opposes or obstructs the laws of the United States, or the due execution thereof, or impedes or obstructs the due course of justice under the same, it shall be lawful for the President, and it shall be his duty, to take such measures, by the employment of the militia or the land and naval forces of the United States, or of either, or by other means, as he may deem necessary, for the suppression of such insurrection, domestic violence, or combinations. R. S. 5299; 50 U. S. C. 203.

505. Proclamation by the President.--Whenever, in the judgment of the President, it becomes necessary to use the military forces under this title, the President shall forthwith, by proclamation, command the insurgents to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, within a limited time. R. S. 5300; 50 U S. C. 204.