Readers will also be repaid for reading the advertisement of Messrs. Grimault & Co. To introduce these medicines, they are willing to distribute samples gratuitously. The list of medicines is varied and interesting in character, and all who wish to give fresh, well endorsed and well prepared medicines a fair trial, will have an opportunity of doing so.

There is no advertisement which is more worthy of examination than that of Mrs. Milligan. She has filed with the editor testimonials from many physicians, and from ladies whose certificates are eminently entitled to respect and confidence.

Attention is directed to the substitute for quinine, made by Messrs. Nichols & Co., of Boston. The cincho-quinine is being fully tried, and so far the testimony is interesting and worthy of respect. The manufacturers will furnish samples, and circulars giving particulars.

The advertisement of Messrs. Darby & Co. will also repay investigation. No preparation before the public is better recommended and commended. The certificates given are from eminent and well-known physicians.

BOOKS AND JOURNALS RECEIVED.

Outline of Observations on Hospital Gangrene, as It Manifested itself in Confederate Armies, 1861-5. By Joseph Jones, M.D., New Orleans, La., 1869. From author. Surgical Cases. By David W. Cheever, M.D., Howard University. Boston, 1869. Action of Anæsthetics on the Blood-corpuscles. By J. H. McQuillen, M.D., D.D. S., Philadelphia. Compliments of the author.

Regulations of the Biological and Miscroscopical Department of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pa.

Proceedings of the State Medical Society of Michigan, 1867-1868.

Nature and Time in the Cure of Diseases. A Dissertation, for which a prize was awarded to James F. Hibberd, M.D., by the Massachusetts Medical Society, 1868. From the author.

Life of Valentine Mott, M.D. By Dr. G. S. Bedford, New York.

Report on Births, Marriages and Deaths in the State of Michigan, for the year endiug April 5, 1868, Lansing, Mich.

Catalogue of the Jefferson Medical School of Philadelphia, 1868-9.

De la Resection de l'Articulation Coxo-Femorale Pour Carie. Par R. R. Good, M.D., Paris, 1869.

Anniversary Oration. Delivered before the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, Sept. 26, 1868. By J. M. Toner, M.D. Compliments of the author.

The Law of Human Increase. By Nathan Allen, A.M., M.D., Lowell, Mass. Compliments of author.

Monograph on Hæmorrhagic Malarial Fever. By R. Fraser Michel, President of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama. 1869. Compliments of author. Ulster Medical Society; Inaugural Address of the Session, 1868-69. By James Cuming, M.A., M.D., L.K.J.C.P. Belfast. 1868.

Practical Suggestions for Making and Inhaling Nitrous Oxide. By A. W. Sprague, A.M., author of Elements of Natural Philosophy, etc. Boston.

Twentieth Annual Announcement of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, 1869-70.

Embolism. By S. D. Seelye, M.D., of Montgomery Ala. Compliments of author.

1869.

The Pathological Anatomy of Surgical Stumps. By I. F. M. Chaurel, M.D., Director of the Imperial School of Medicine and Pharmacy at Military Hospital Valde-Grace. Translated from the French by B. E. Cotting, M.D. 1869. Boston.

ART. I.-KEYS TO THE ARTICULATIONS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES. BY FRANK HASTINGS HAMILTON, M.D., of New York, Professor of Surgery in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College.

1. Phalangeal Articulations of the Toes. Keys. The lateral ligaments. The phalangeal articulations of the feet have essentially the same anatomical structure as those of the hands, only that the bones are shorter, broader, and their articular surfaces are especially much more expanded. Owing to the general practice, also, of wearing narrow shoes the joints are often deformed, and their motions very much limited. The lateral ligaments, as in the case of the fingers, constitute the keys to the articulations, but they are not exposed and cut with the same facility as are the lateral ligaments of the fingers.

2. Meta-tarso-phalangeal Articulations of the second, third and fourth Toes. In general, the same anatomical arrangements obtain here again, as in the corresponding phalanges of the hand, except that the joints are larger, more often deformed aud partially anchylosed by lateral pressure. It will be noticed, also, that the toes cannot be flexed to a right angle with the dorsal surface of the

foot at the meta-tarso-phalangeal articulation, as the fingers may be in a corresponding articulation of the hand, and consequently the joint cannot be exposed and opened so easily on the dorsal surface.

Either of the two lateral ligaments constitute the keys to these joints.

3. Meta-tarso-phalangeal Articulation of the Great Toe. Key. External (fibular side) lateral ligament. The same argument applies to the use of the external lateral ligament as the key of this joint, as to the use of the external lateral ligament as the key to the meta-carpo-phalangeal articulation of the index finger.

4. Meta-tarso-phalangeal Articulation of the Little Toe. Key. External (radial side) lateral ligament. See metacarpo-phalangeal articulations of index and little fingers.

5. Tarso-meta-tarsal Articulation. Key. The flat dorsal ligament which unites the cuboid to the fifth meta-tarsal bone. This is a complicated and irregular articulation, formed by the juxtaposition of nine bones. It is arthrodial in its character, its motions being limited almost entirely to the fullest flexion and extension, and an equally slight sliding motion upon nearly plane surfaces. Its ligaments, therefore, which cover in the whole length of its dorsal surface are close and compact, and neither present in themselves any guides to the articulations, nor do they allow the joints to open sufficiently to indicate their positions.

No one would think of entering these articulations from the plantar surface, since in this direction they are peculiarly inaccessible, and the principal flap must be made from this surface.

On the tibial, or inner side, occasionally not much difficulty will be experienced in finding the point where the meta-tarsal bone of the great toe articulates with the cuneiform internum. In most cases, however, the articulation cannot be easily traced.