Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam

adat Ajisaka ancestors Antaboga areas of Java Bali Balinese banten blessing bowo Bromo Buda celebration Central Java century ceremony Chapter cultural dance dead Dewa distinction dukun Dutch East Java Eastern Salient economic elder entas-entas example family spirits formal galungan Geertz guardian deities guardian spirits guests Hindu reform movement household identified identity important incense announcement Indonesian interaction invocation invoked Islamic Java's Javanese Javanese script Karo kejawen kenduren labor land larger lowland Madurese Majapahit Malang meaning modern Tengger Mohammad mountain Muslim non-Tengger Old Javanese organization parisada Pasuruan perspective petra political popular prayer meal priestly liturgy Probolinggo purification recited refer religion religious resi rice rite ritual festivals ritual performance ritual tradition role sayan slametan social society souls southern Tengger sponsor sumbangan symbolism Teng Tengger communities Tengger highlands Tengger northwest Tengger priest Tengger region Tengger ritual Tengger tradition Tengger villages territorial spirits throughout Java village chief village officials Wagiman worship