Manitoba and the Great Northwest: The Field for Investment; the Home of the ... - John Macoun - Google Buku

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CONTENTS.

General Geography.

The Dominion as a whole-Its Extent and Area-Nova Scotia-New Brunswick-

Prince Edward Island Quebec-Ontario-Keywadin-Manitoba-North-West Ter

ritories-British Columbia-North-West and Manitoba a vast Plain-Southern or

Prairie Section-Middle or Partially Wooded Section-Region of Continuous Forest-

Basin of Lake Winnipeg-Its Rivers and Lakes-Mackenzie River Basin-The

Churchill and Nelson Rivers-General View of the Rocky Mountains.

Physical Geography of Manitoba.

Its Situation and Boundaries-Area-General Characteristics-Red River Prairie-

Pembina Mountain-Wet Country along its Base-Riding Mountain-View from

its Summit-Dauphin Lake-Duck Mountain-Lake Winnipeg-Lakes Manitoba and

Winnipegoosis-South Western Manitoba-Turtle Mountain-Red River-Graphic

Picture of the Prairie near Winnipeg-Fort Garry-Assiniboine River-Land on

Assiniboine-Souris River-Snake Creek-Oak Lake-Vicinity Suited for Stock-

farming-Sand Hills, at Snake Creek-Little Saskatchewan-Land on Little

Saskatchewan-Settlements in its Valley-Shoal Lake-Bird Tail Creek-Surrounding

Country-Shell River-Country North to Fort Pelly-Indian Farm-General Character

of Soil-A Desert changed to a Paradise-Timber for Building Purposes-Where

Located-Building Stone-Brick Clays-Water Supply near Winnipeg.

Character of Country between lat. 49° and 50° west of

Description of Moose Mountain-Plain from its Top-West side of Moose Mountain—

Timber on the Mountain-View from High Hill-Souris Plain-West of Moose Moun-

tain-Character of Soil-of Vegetation-of Surface-Great Clay Plain—Its Rough

Surface Scarcity of Water-Wild Roses-A Visit to the Coteau-Cactus Plain—

Wood in the Coteau-Description of Coteau-Resemblance to Turtle Mountain-Ab-

sence of Wood-Plateau of Lignite Tertiary-Wood Mountain-Disappearance of the

Character of Country between lat. 50° and 51° West of

Assiniboine below Brandon-Brandon-Assiniboine Rapid-Land near Brandon-Bran-

don Hills-Land along the C.P.R.-Flat Creek-Gopher Creek-Land West of Gopher

Creek-Pipestone Creek-Weedy and Wolf Hills-Rich Country along the C. P. R.-

Qu'Appelle River-Navigation of the Qu'Appelle-Country North of the Qu'Appelle-

Pheasant Plain, Leach Lake-Very rich Land in this Region-Long Lake-Fish in

Long Lake-Waterfowl-Creeks at the Head of Long Lake-Country West of 102nd

Meridian-Wood for House building and other Purposes-Country West of Touchwood

Hills-Estimate of good Land in Qu'Appelle Valley-Unequalled tract for Wheat

Early Ripening of Grain-Absence of Summer Frosts-Early Spring-Moose Jaw Creek

-Dry Country in its Vicinity-Sand Hills West of it-The Coteau-Old Wives Lakes

-Country West of Lakes-Excellent Pastures-Nutritious Grasses-Their Distribution

-Sage Brush and Cactus no Proof of Aridity-Bullrush Lake--Strong Current

Creek-Want of Wood-High broken Country-Appearance of Cypress Hills.

Character of Country between lat. 51° and 52° West of

Country West of the Assiniboine-Beaver and Touchwood Hills-Heavy Forest--Rich

and Lovely Country-Great Salt Plain-Immense Plain to the South-Tract North of

the Qu'Appelle-Rich Soil and Rank Grass-Last Mountain-Water Scarce on Sur-

face-Broken Country, Twenty-two Miles Wide-Fine Pasture Lands-No Bad Soil

in Eighty Miles-Lines of Boulders, near Humboldt-Cause of Wood at Certain

Points-Extensive Plain Southwest of Touchwood Hills-Salt Marshes-Little Touch-

wood Hills-Mission at this Point-File Hills-South Saskatchewan, Voyage Down

It--Moose Woods-North of Moose Woods-Land East of River-Soil of Great Depth

-Aroline, or Telegraph Crossing-Rich Land-Country West of River-Fine Level

Tract-Eagle Creek-Eagle Hills, Fine Country for Stock.

Character of Country between lat 52° and 53° West of

Porcupine Mountain-Country on Red Deer River-Soil very Rich-Exhaustless Fertility

of the Carrot River Country-Prince Albert Settlement-Its Early History-Wonderful

Progress in a few Years-Description of the Settlement-Many Houses in Course of

Erection-Fall Sowed Wheat a Success-No injury from Frost-Duck Lake Settlement

-Fort Carlton and its Vicinity-Country between the Rivers-Eagle Creek-The Bear

and Eagle Hills-Land South of Them-Description of Battleford and Vicinity—Its

Future Sketched Out-Land in the Neighborhood-Character of Soil-Police Farm at

Battleford-The Government Farm-Remarkable Vitality of Seeds-Depth of Roots in

the Soil-Plain South of Battleford-Coulées of the Plain-Their Origin-Country

North of Bear Hills-Splendid Pasture Land-Water Abundant-Grasses of the Plains

-Cause of Absence of Wood-Constant Prairie Fires-Why the South side of a Hill is

without Wood-What Causes Aridity-Description of Hand Hills-Cactus not a Proof

of Aridity of Climate-Fine Rich Land South of Battleford-Immense Area of Good

Land-Manito Lake-Sounding Lake-Neutral Hills-Fine Pastoral Land to the

Southwest-Land around Sullivan's Lake-Fine Land West of Sounding Lake-

Rich Country at the Head of Battle River-Millions of Tons of Hay in This Re-

gion-General View of the Country-Lakes Filled with Fish-Beaver still Numer-

ous-All Lakes and Ponds Filled with Birds in Spring and Fall-Bears and Wolves

Numerous some Seasons, but Never Injurious Except to Small Stock.

Description of the Country Drained by the North Saskatche-

wan and Athabasca Rivers

Extensive District South of North Saskatchewan-One Solid Block of 13,000,000 Acres

-Large Area of Fertile Land North of River-Star Mission, its Success--Multitudes

of Whitefish-Lac La Biche Mission-Farming at the Lake-Wheat, Barley, &c.—

-Victoria Mission-Small-pox Ravages-Rev. George McDougall his Death, the

Edmonton Pioneer-Former Lawlessness at Edmonton-Change Caused by the Police

-Edmonton, its Mills, Churches, Stores-Coal and Iron at Edmonton-Review

of the Country-Ninty-six per Cent. Good Soil over a Vast Area-Lands for the

Irish without Rent-St. Albert Mission, its History and Success-Catholic Mis-

sionaries, their Work and Success-Rocky Mountain House, Fine Timber-Gold

Washing-Beaver River, very Rich Land-Green Lake, Abundance of Fish-

Chipweyan Indians-Athabasca River and Country-Size of the River and its Tribu-

taries-Little Slave River-Pembina River, Coal in its Banks-The McLeod-

Baptiste's River-Jasper House and Valley-Climate of the Valley, Snow Fall very

Light, Warm Winds, Dry Climate, Spring Weather-Horses Living out all Winter

-Source of Warm Winds-Fertile Belt-Richness of It-Where Located-Prairie

still Better-Wet Lands-Summer Frosts-Late Sowing-Fall Sowing, its Success.

Position of the Lands Described-Area of the Region in Question-Character of Rocks

and Soil-Its Composition and Disposition-Peace River Prairie-Location of

Prairie-Sandy Soils along Athabasca-Origin of Peace River Prairie-Wonderful

Vegetation-Climate of Peace River-Summer of 1879-All Sorts of Grain and Vege-

tables Mature-Ripening of Grain at Dunvegan and other Points-Depth of Snow-

Setting in of Winter-Opening of Spring-Breaking up of the Ice-Difference in

Climate of Valley and Plateau-Occurrence of Frost-Comparison of Temperatures-

Peace River Spring as Early as in Manitoba-Cause of Exceptional Climate-

Chinook Winds-Length of Day and Increased Sunlight give Warm Summers-

Immunity from Grasshoppers-Description of Little Slave Lake-Ripening of Gram

at this Point--Whitefish in the Lake-Abundance of Beaver-Climate Unchangea to

the North-Soil of the Northern Plain-Ripening of Grain at Vermilion-Summer

Climate of that Region-Milder Climate Farther North at Little Red River—

Vicinity of Fort Chipweyan-Extraordinary Wheat on Poor Soil-Crops at Fort

Simpson on Mackenzie's River-Climate and Crops at Fort Liard, Lat. 61°-Barley

Ripens under the Arctic Circle-Farming on Peace River a Success-Lakes Teeming

with Fish-Birds in Countless Flocks-Rocks of Peace River, Limestone, Gypsum-

Abundance of Salt-Bituminous Shales on Athabasca River-Tar Springs-Descrip-

tion of the River-Appearance of its Banks-Land Between the Athabasca and the

Climate of the North-West.

Notes from Blodgett's Climatology-Its Great Value-Lake Superior Compared with

North-West-Summer Heat Decisive of Climate-Thermal Lines Curve Northward-

Spring opens Simultaneously on a Northwest line Between St. Paul's and Mackenzie

Rivers-Deserts not Found North of Lat. 47°-Rain Sufficient on the Northern

Plain-Buffalo more Abundant in the North-Peace River Compared with Germany

and Russia-Canadian North-West the Better-A Prophecy Thirty Years Ago-Size

of our North-West-Lord Selkirk's Opinions Seventy Years Ago-500,000 Square

Miles with a Mild Climate.

Practical Remarks on Climate.

Mr. Anderson, of Listowel, Ireland, on Climate-Great Heat Causes no Inconvenience-

Intense Cold Hardly Felt-Manitoba Winter Climate Better than that of Ontario-

Snow Seldom over Twenty Inches in Depth-Seasons in Manitoba-Manitoba in the

Middle of the Continent-Long Days of Summer-Autumn Weather-Snowfall-Heat

and Humidity-Comparison of Summer Temperatures-Warm Summers and Dry Cold

Winters-Table of Mean Temperatures-Summer Temperatures Compared-Peace

River Climate-Manitoba Climate-Hardness of Wheat-Grains in the Cluster-Min-

nesota Nowhere-Peace River Wheat-Isothermal Lines-Corn and Wheat Zones-

Temperature Necessary for Successful Wheat Culture-The Wheat Zones-Probably

Three-fourths of the Wheat Lands of America in the New North-West-200,000,000

Acres Extent of the Territory-Lord Selkirk's Opinions Seventy Years Ago-Great

American Desert-Its Effect on Climate-Changes Observed Passing North-How the

Isothermal Lines Curve-Where the Heated Air comes From-Two Currents passing

North-Summer Temperature the same over 300,000 Square Miles-Moisture in Sum-

mer, its Absence in Winter-Rainfall of the Year-Progress of the Seasons-Fall

Frosts not Injurious, Climate Unsurpassed for Farmers-Its Possibilities Unlimited—

Depth of Winter Frost-Its Beneficial Effects on Soil-Table of Rainfalls for 1879 and

1880-Rainfall and Cloudlessness-Testimony of Settlers Regarding the Healthiness

of the Climate.

Natural Products of the Soil.

Comparison of Floras-Peace River Flora Compared with that of Ontario-Forest Flora

-Flora of the Prairies-List of Species-"Sugar Maple"-Syrup from the Birch-

Wild Plums-Cherries-Service Berries-Their Value-Berries in Pemmican-How

Pemmican is Made-Berries for Breakfast-Strawberries-Currants and Gooseberries

-Black Jurrants very Valuable-High Bush Cranberries-Raspberries of Many

Species-Jam from the Cloud Berry-Common Cranberries-Blueberries-Wild

Sarsaparilla-Silver Berry-Buffalo Berry-Beautiful and Valuable Shrubs-Wild

Hops-Hazel Nuts-Flowers and Shrubs at Brandon-Their Beauty and Utility-

Strawberries at Brandon-Shrubs of the Prairie-Moose Mountain Flowers-Flowers

at the Sand Hills and Flat Creek-Line of C. P. R.-Pipestone Creek-Flowers of

the Plain-Great Souris Plain-Acres of Lilies-Gardens of the Prairie-Roses Fill

the Air with Perfume-Flowers at Moose Jaw Creek-Flowers of the Cypress Hills—

Wild Lupines Covering Square Miles-Mushrooms, their Great Value and Enormous

Size and Numbers-Mushrooms over 200 Miles of Country-Lycoperdons (Puff-

balls) not Poisonous-Flora at Long Lake, Lilies, Anemones, Pentstemons, Poten-.

tillas and many Others-Common Poplar a Remedy for Intermittent Fever.

Red River Prairie, Description of its Soil-An Old Countryman's Views-Extent of the

Wheat Lands-150,000,000 Acres of Wheat Lands-Manitoba Excluded from the

Calculation-Good Land Continues for 100 Miles at a Time-Fixed Laws Regarding

the Growth of Wheat-Northern Limits of Wheat Zone-Northern Wheat more Pro-

lific-The Cause Explained-How Wheat Grows in Spring and Summer-Why Mani-

toba Wheat is Hard-Roots Penetrate to a Great Depth-Analysis of Soil, far Supe-

rior to the Best Wheat Land in Europe-Best Soil in the World in the North-West-

Manitoba Formerly an old Lake Bottom-Soil of the Second Prairie Steppe-Soil of

the Third Plateau-Gypsum very Abundant-Cactus no Proof of Aridity-Setter's

Farm Described-Wheat Growing amongst Cactus-Appearance of the Land-Results

of 1880 of 1881-Seed Bought in Minnesota in 1876-Progress since Then-Mani-

toba Wheat Admitted Duty Free into Minnesota-Opinions of Pioneer Press of St.

Paul's, Minnesota, regarding North-West Wheat-Statements of Residents-Average

Crop for Four Years-Average Yield of Canadian North-West Compared with the best

States in the Union-Great Weight of the Grain-Qu'Appelle Region as a Wheat

District-Prince Albert and Edmonton as Wheat Districts-Description of Edmon-

ton-Cust's Farm at Edmonton-Country on Peace River-Excellent Wheat Lands

far to the North-Cucumbers Ripen in Lat. 60°-Wheat in Lat. 61° First-class-

Spring Frosts not Hurtful-Fall Wheat not Suited for the North-West-Fall Sowing

Recommended-No Doubt of its Success-Instances of Fall Sowing-Fall Sowing the

True Policy of Settlers on the Prairie-Wheat Production of the Future beyond Cal-

culation-England should Realise that we have the Greater part of the Wheat Lands

of America-England's True Policy-Farmers Testimony Regarding the Soil.

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