The American Naturalist

Botany.-Notes on the Alpine Flora of Mt. Shasta, 51; Production of Apples in
51; Botanical News, 52; Lavalée's Arboretum Segrezianum, 121; Researches in regard to
Transpiration in Plants, 122; Botanical News, 123; Davenport's Notes on Botrychium simplex,

191; Movement of an Aquatic Submerged Plant, 181; The Eucalyptus in California, 182; Germina-

tion of Acorns; 182; Absorption of Water by Roots, 183; Cleistogamous Flowers in Danthonia,

243: Ferns of North America, 249; A Fossil Fungus, 250; Botanical News, 251; Influence of

Moisture on Vegetation, 318; Bessy's Injurious Fungi, 318. Variations in the Leaf-scars of

Sigillaria and Lepidodendron, 318; Reinsch's Saprolegnica and Parasites in Desmid Cells, 318;

Botanical News, 319, Cleistogamous Flowers of Danthonia, 388; Means by which Plants are

protected from animals and unfavorable weather, etc., 388: My Hepaticas, 390; Botanical Notes

390; The Mycological Flora of Minnesota, 466; Ligneous Flora of Iowa, 466; On the Growth of

Cocculus indicus, 466; Botanical News, 467; Insects needed to Fertilize Utricularia and Pyxi-

danthera, 552; Wolf and Hall's List of the Mosses, Liverworts and Lichens of Illinois, 554:

Ferns, in their Homes and Ours, 624; A Tree with two Stumps, 625; Botanical News, 626; The

Grasses of Mexico, 691; The Connection of Bacilli with Splenic Fever, 692; Ascent of Sap in

Trees, 592; Austin's Musci Appalachiani, 693; Botanical News, 693; New Classification of the

Vegetable Kingdom, 747: Rare Ferns in Central Florida, 748, Lycopodium cernuum in Florida,

749: Botanical News, 749: Volvox globator, 815; A Double-flowered Cypripedium spectabile,

$16, A new variety of Campanula rotundifolia L., 817; Extirpation of a Plant, 818; The Struc-

ture and Affinities of Characeæ, 818; Botanical News, 819.

Zoology-Note on the Garter Snake, 53; Nesting of the Robin on the Ground, 53; Wild Geese

Nesting in Trees, 54; Rate of Growth of the Barnacle, 54; Peculiar Feathers of the young Ruddy

Duck, 123, Note on Ranella clathrata (Gray), 124; Sparrows and Peewees, 124: The Prairie

Chicken in California, 124; On the form of the Stapes in Dipodomys, 125; Homologies of the

Ear-bones of Mammals, etc., 183; Terrestrial Mollusca of Texas, 184: A strange Flight of

Hawks, 185; A Texan Cliff Frog, 186; Occurrence of the Phyllopod Eubranchipus in Winter,

186; Notes on the Nesting Habits of the English Sparrow, 251; The largest of all Fresh-water

Polyzoa, 252; Two new Genera of North American Fresh-water Fishes, 252; A new Genus of

Cystignathidæ from Texas, 252; Bassaris astuta in Oregon 253: Leptodiscus medusoides, a new

form of Noctiluca, 253; Margaritana dehiscens (Say), 254: On Texan Streptopomatidæ, 254;

The Homology of the Chevron Bones, 319; Notes on the recently-described Monotremes, 320;

Proteus anguinus, 321; Helix chilhoweensis (Lewis) 390; Notice of the Spiders of the “Polaris”

Expedition, 393; Thelyphonus offensively Odorous, 396; The paper Nautilus in Florida, 396;

Buccinum undatum (Linué) 397; Trachydermon (Leptochiton) ruber (Carpenter), 397; Nesting

Habits of the Canada Fly-catcher, 397; Drowned by an Octopus, 398; The Habits of the Musk-

rat, 398; Identity of Diemyctylu miniatus with Diemyctylus viridescens, 399: An Early Bird

Indeed, 399; Change by Artificial Means of a Land to an Aquatic Salamander, 468; Ridgway's

Ornithology of the Fortieth Parallel, 469; A Two-headed Snake, 470; Notes on Three Rare

Birds of Minnesota, 475; Mode of Distribution of Fresh-water Mussels, 472; Defensive Urina-

tion of the Frog. 473; Remarks upon Albinism in several of our Birds, 474; Mode of Moulting

of the Lining of the Crop and Stomach in Insects, 476, Ornithological Notes, 477; Intelligence in

Chimpanzees, 554; Is the Rocky mountain Sheep covered with Wool? 556; Myriapods in Fair-

mount Park, Philadelphia, 557; Mode of Construction of the Cocoons of Microgaster, 558; Ar-

gonauta tuberculosa, 560: Notes on New Jersey Carpenter-bee, 627; The Skunk eaten by

the Lynx, 628; Carnivorous Tadpoles, 628; Two-headed Snakes, 694; Mimetic Coloring in Tad-

poles, 695; Fresh-water mussels vs. Ducks, 695; The Right Whale of the Southern European

Seas, 750; A new Species of Gorilla, 750; The Herpetology of New Guinea, 751; A Monstrous

Frog, 751; The Cocoons of Microgaster, 752; Cetonia inda injuring Corn, 752; Breeding habits

of Corixa, 520; Snakes and Cold Victuals, 820; A Skunk eaten by Turkey-buzzards, 821.

Anthropology-The Archæology of the Pacific coast, 54: Anthropological News, 55; Plio-

cene Man, 125, Powell's North American Ethnology, 126, Erratum, 126; Anthropological News,

127, 187: Abroad, 187; Anthropological News 255; Foreign, 256; Modern Mound Builders, 322;

The third volume of Contributions to North American Ethnology, 322; Anthropological News, 322;

Language Map of America, 400; The Davenport Tablet, 400; Anthropological News, 400; Indian

Food Customs, 402, Fish-hooks of the Mohave Indians, 403; Indian Steatite Dishes, 403; Foreign,

404; On the Probable Use of Discoidal Stones, 47%; Tribes of California, by Stephen Powers, 481;

Anthropological News, 483; On the Punishment of Prostitution among the Aborigines, 560; The

Diminutive Mounds of Oregon Indians, 562; Attention called to Papers and separate publications,

36., Ancient Olla Manufactory on Santa Catalina island, Cal., 629; Aboriginal Burial, 629; An-

thropological News, 630, 636; Foreign, 698; Cranía utilized as Cinerary Urns in a Burial Mound

in Florida, 753; Anthropological News, 754, 758; A Vessel of Glazed Pottery taken from 3

Tumulus in Florida, 821; An Indian Burial, 823; Anthropological News, 824; Foreign, 827.

Geology and Palæontology-The Saurians of the Dakota Epoch, 56; Mount Lebanon Fishes

in Dakota, 57; Cretaceous Fishes of England, 57; Clepsydrops in Texas, 57: The Genus Tetra-
nodon, 57: The Affinities of the Dinosauria, 57; Triassic Saurians from Pennsylvania, 58,

New Artiodactyles of the Upper Tertiary, 58; A New Mastodon, 128; The Snout Fishes of the

Kansas Chalk, 128; A new genus of Oreodontidæ, 129; Palæontology of Georgia, 129; Silurian

and Carboniferous Plants, 129; A new Ally of Sivatherium, 129; Extinct Reptiles of India, 130;

Paleontological Course of Prof. Gaudry, 130; Geology of Wisconsin, 130; The Geological Survey

of New Zealand, 188; A new Genus of Dinosauria from Colorado, 188; A new Deer from Indiana,

189; A Problematical Fossil, 257; Plastic Clays of New Jersey, 257; Pliocene Vertebrata of the

Val D'Arno, 257; Surface Geology of British Columbia, 257; The Structure of Coryphodon,

324; The Origin of Lakes, 326; A new Fauna, 327; A new Opisthocœlous Dinosaur, 406; Prof.

Marsh on Permian Reptiles, 406; Fossorial Reptiles, 408; Glacial Phenomena in British Colum-
bia, 487; The Species of Rhinoceros of the Loup Fork epoch, 488; High and Low Water in the
St. Lawrence, 489, The Palæontology of Victoria, 489; A New Species of Amphicœlias, 563;
The Relations of Ancient and modern Crocodiles, 564; A New Diadectes, 565: Geology of the
British Arctic Expedition, 565; The Vertebræ of Rachitomus 633; The Position of Dipterus, 633;
A Fossil Walrus discovered at Portland, Maine, 633; The Reptiles of the Upper Jurassic of the
North of France, 760; A Quaternary Camel from Roumania, 760; The Fauna of the Lowest
Tertiary of France, 761; The Man of the Pampean Formation, 827; The Theromorphous Rep.
tilia, 829; Discovery of Recent Glaciers in Wyoming, 830; Wasatch Group, 831; The Devonian
and Silurian Formations of Brittany, 832; The Geology of Belgium, 832; The Southern Boundary
of the Glacial Drift, 832; Miocene Vertebrata of Oregon, 833.

Geography and Travels.-Narrative of Hall's North Polar Expedition, 59; Stanley's Account

of the Congo, 59; Explorations in Palestine, 60; Orton's Explorations in South America, 60;

Geographical News, 61: Geographical Work of Hayden's Survey, 130; The American Geo-

graphical Work of Hayden's Survey, 130; The American Geographical Society, 131; Geographi-

cal News, 132; The British Polar Expedition. Extract from Sir J. D. Hooker's Address as

President of the Royal Society, 189; Geographical News, 191; The Geographical Work of the

Year, 328; Richthofen's China, 408: The Big Horn Cañon, 408; The Isthmus of Darien, 408;

Geographical Notes, 409; Geographical Notes, 490; Col. Prejevalsky's Third Journey, 566;

Dutch Arctic Expedition, 569; Geographical News, 569; The Amazon, 634; Fluvial Intersec-

tions of Mountain ranges, 635; Geographical News, 635; Obituary, 637; British Association.

Sir Wyville Thompson's Address, 699; The Arabian Desert of Egypt, 702; Lake Nyassa, 762:

Obituary, 764; The Amazon, 833; Arctic Exploration, 8,4; Results of the Recent British

Arctic Expedition, 834; Geographical News, 835.

Microscopy.-New Cabinet for Slides, 62; Diatoms, 63; American Journal of Microscopy, 63;

Microscopical Societies, 63; Exchanges, 64; The Postal Club, 132; A new Mailing Box for Slides,

133; Bullock's Microscopes, 192; Microscopical Supplies, 193, Microscopical Soirée, 194; New

York Microscopical Society, 194: Nature Club of Albany, 194: New Method of Opaque

Mounting, 258; Images in the Eyes after sudden death, 259; Annual Elections in Microscopi-

cal Societies, 260; Laboratory Work at the Seaside, 260; Soirées, 261; Exchanges, 261; Micro-

scopical Section, Troy Scientific Association, 332; A Novel Stand, 409; Microscopical Soirée,

409; Microscopical Society Elections, 410; Microscopical Congress, 410; Ernst Gundlach 410;

Exchanges, 411; Wanted, 411; Determination of Rocks by the Microscope, 491; Oleomarga-

rine, 492; A Rare Sale, 492; Exchanges 492; Microscopical Section, Troy Scientific Association,

572; New Microscopical Journals, 574; New American Objectives, 574: Minerals for the Mi-

croscope, 574; National Microscopical Congress, 702; Microscopical Directory, 704; Exchanges,

704: National Microscopical Congress, 764; Exchanges, 766; National Microscopical Congress,

836; New Forms of Mounting, 839.

SCIENTIFIC NEWS, 64, 134, 194, 261, 334, 411, 492. 575, 637, 705, 767, 841.

PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES, 67, 137, 200, 268, 337, 414 497, 577. 638, 706, 768, 849.

SCIENTIFIC SERIALS, 70, 138, 202, 269, 338, 418, 498, 577, 641, 706, 770, 850.

'HE materials and the man have not yet come together which

THE

are to result in any picture of the social life of the American Indians or Eskimo equal in fidelity to that which is printed of our own social life on the pages of the ordinary "society" novel. At least this is one of the reasons why nothing has ever been published which exhibits to the civilized reader the play of sentiment and passion, fear, hope, aspiration and reverence which actuate the red or the brown man as much, if in different mode, as they do his paler cotemporary. It is true we have the novel of the Cooper class, in which a red man, evolved from the inner consciousness of the author, is impregnated with the ideas and sentiments of a Chateaubriand. This has, however, become antiquated, even with the philanthropist, and seldom furnishes texts for missionary meetings in these days. We have numerous graphic accounts of the manners and customs of the Indian tribes as regarded from the white standpoint, but these are wholly defective in the region of greatest interest, that of the native mental atmosphere. There are speeches, still to be found in school readers, in which Indian chiefs apostrophize the "Great Father" in language well chosen and eloquent, dignified by its simplicity and directness, and only unsatisfactory from the absence of any means of knowing how much of the reporter or interpreter is combined with the original.

It is hardly to be expected, perhaps, that the "squaw-man" of the west or the keen-witted trader of the north would realize the

value to the world of a faithful picture of the life which he (more than any other man) is better situated to observe; even if he were competent to delineate it. Where shall be found a Becker who will give us an Indian "Charicles"?

Another and most serious difficulty lies in the way. In the life of the average native, especially in the far north, there is little but a struggle for existence with a niggardly environment. Their festivals are few and consist chiefly of eating and violent motions, termed dancing for want of a better and more characteristic word, or in donations where the host is the giver. Their shamanistic performances, full of excitement and interest, still have little to satisfy the love of enjoyment latent in every human being. Having no theatres, no books, no improvisatores, no means more rational than the above-mentioned examples for exciting pleasurable sensations, there is no reason for wonder when we find in the savage mind the physical relations of sex, representing to him nearly all that civilization finds in art, literature or philanthropy. Ideas connected with these relations as his sole source of unalloyed pleasure, permeate all his social relations, his wit, his motives, his tales, traditions, animistic faith and desires.

Hence, not only would the faithful relation of the mental phases of his life be unsuited to modern taste and modesty, but the mode of action of other sentiments in his mind and social relations, not in themselves offensive, is so intermingled with the first mentioned as to render the representation of them, if dissected separately, in most cases only a mangled caricature of savage thought.

To the same absence of means for rational pleasure may be ascribed the fatal predilection for drunkenness and gambling universal among savages and reappearing among the very poor in the slums of great cities.

Dr. Rink, in his "Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo," has come nearer than any one else toward occupying part of the vacant field by a judicious expunging of the erotic element in the folk-lore he relates.

The personal experience of the author during several years in Northwestern Alaska gave him now and then a glimpse of the social thought of the Eskimo and Indians by whom he was surrounded, and from these reminiscences may be gleaned a few items which, without trespassing on the realm of Cooperian fiction, may give a slight insight into the working of the human

nd under savage conditions. But it must be recollected that

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The American Naturalist, Volume 12