for the year ending June 30, 1902, as reported by the Forestry Bureau in its annual report:

Timber production in the Philippines for the year ending June 30, 1902.

This amount is about the equivalent of 50,000,000 feet B. M., a smaller amount than is cut annually by a single mill in the United States.

Quantities of forest products taken from the public lands of the Philippines during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902.

Quantity of timber taken from public lands of the Philippines during the fiscal year ending

Species of timber arranged in order of quantities cut during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, from public lands only.

Unless all indications are deceptive, the mineral wealth of the Philippine Islands is very great. Coal, of Tertiary age, of widely differing qualities, from lignite so soft and impure as to be practically worthless up to that equal in steam capacity to the best Japanese coal, is found scattered widely over the archipelago. Indeed, there are few provinces in which it has not been found. Many of the prospects which, on the surface appear almost worthless, owing to weathering, may, with depth, develop into a better quality. Gold, also, is very widely distributed, but thus far the veins and placers are poor and can not be worked at a profit under present conditions of transportation and labor. Valuable deposits of copper and iron have been discovered, and in years past have been worked to a limited extent. Indications of asphaltum and petroleum have also been discovered, yet the mineral production of the islands was, in 1902, practically nothing.

The following list of mineral occurrences has been made up in part from the admirable report of Dr. G. F. Becker, of the United States Geological Survey, in part from the publications of the Mining Bureau of the insular government, and in part from the reports of the supervisors of the census.

Coal.-Coal has been found in the following localities:

Cagayan province, in the municipalities of Nassiping and Pamplona. Abra province, in Dolores.

La Unión province, in four or five localities.

Nueva Vizcaya province, near the municipality of Bayombong.
Bulacán, at Norzagaray.

Rizal province, in Tanay.

Tayabas province, on the islands of Polillo, Alabat, Pagbilao Grande, and Pagbilao Chico; also in the municipality of Macalelón.

Ambos Camarines province, in Mambulao, Paracale, Pasacao, Caramoan, and Bató.

Albay province, on the islands of Batán, Cacraray, and Rapurapu, which appear to be everywhere underlaid by coal, and in Bató on Catanduanes Island.

Sorsogón province, in the municipality of Gúbat, Bacón, and Magallanes.

Mindoro province, in Bulalácao, and on the island of Semirara.
Marinduque Island.

Masbate, in Cataingan and Palanas.

Sámar, in Calbiga, Pambujan, Paranas, Gándara, Zumárraga, and Catarmán.

Leyte, in Babatungon, and on Biliran Island.

Bohol, in Calape.

Cebú, at Danao, Compostela, Naga, Bolhoón, Balambán, Asturias, Toledo, and Alegría; indeed, in nearly every municipality on the

eastern coast.

Negros Occidental, in Cavancalan, Escalante, and Calatrava.
Negros Oriental.

Iloilo, in Dingle and Nueva Valencia.

Cápiz, in Madalag.

Surigao, on the islands of Dinágat and Siargao, and in the municipalities of Loreto, Bislig, Tándag, Tagó, and on Point Sancop. Misamis, in the barrio of Naauan.

Zamboanga, at the head of Sibuguey bay.

Dávao, near Matti.

Of the above, coal is now being mined on Batán Island by the United States, which has leased a tract of coal land, for the supply of the army transports. Analyses show that it equals the best Japanese coal. Some is also mined by private parties. A report upon these Batán deposits has been published by the Mining Bureau. Samples of the Cebú coal have been analyzed, showing that some of them are but little, if any, inferior to the coals of Japan. The coal deposits of Cebú are extensive, but are badly broken by volcanic action. Much work was done in Spanish times in exploiting these deposits, but without a high degree of success. The coal found on Sibuguey bay has been tested on naval vessels, with, it is said, very satisfactory results.

It is altogether probable that in the near future the Philippine Islands will produce not only enough coal for their own supply, but

may furnish coal for a large part of the commerce of the Pacific, a fact of prime importance in determining the course of that commerce. With cheap, good coal and dock facilities at Manila, the traffic of that port may be vastly increased.

Gold.-Gold is reported in the following localities:
Lepanto-Bontoc.

Benguet.

Nueva Ecija, in Gapán, Peñaranda, Bongabon, and Puncán.
Pangasinan, in Salasá and San Nicolás.

Rizal, in Montalbán and at the mouth of Puary river.

Ambos Camarines, in Mambúlao and Paracale.

Albay.

Mindoro, in mountains near the municipality of Calapán and in the barrio of Sablayán, in the pueblo of Mambúrao.

Romblón, in Magallanes.

Masbate, in San Agustín.

Sámar, in Palápag.

Leyte province, on Biliran and Panaón islands.

Cebú, in Toledo and Balambán, and in the barrio of Talambán, in the municipality of Mabolo.

Negros Occidental, in Calatrava.

Iloilo, in San Enrique.

Cápiz, in mountains of Malínao, Maayón, Cuartero, and Dumarao. Paragua province, on Balábac Island.

Misamis, in rivers flowing into Macajalar bay.

Surigao, in Surigao, Anao-aon, Placer, Maínit, Taganaán, Liangá, Linguig, Carrascal, and Nónoc, and generally in the eastern range of Mindanao.

Zamboanga, from placers 40 miles from the city of Zamboanga.

Gold has been mined for centuries by the Igorots in LepantoBontoc and Benguet, both from veins and placers. The total output has been small, as both classes of deposit are of low grade, but the Igorot is contented with low wages, especially if he is working for himself. Since American occupation this mountain range has been prospected by Americans and several hundred claims have been located. Little work has been done on them, and it is not believed that any deposits likely to prove profitable under present conditions. of labor and transportation, have been discovered.

The deposits of Cápiz are placers and are said to have been long worked by natives. It is reported that 600 taels' worth of gold was extracted from the deposits of Surigao by natives in 1902. These are the only estimates of product that have been obtained for that year. Copper.-Copper is reported in the following localities:

Lepanto-Bontoc.

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The largest and most promising of the above deposits are those in Lepanto-Bontoc. They are situated on the upper waters of Abra river near Mt. Datá, and they consist of enormous ledges of lowgrade ore, outcropping in the bluffs bordering the river. They have in years past been mined extensively by Spaniards and Igorots, and much copper has been extracted by crude methods of mining and smelting. At present many claims are held by Americans, but no work other than the assessment work necessary to hold them has been done.

Copper has been mined in Benguet in a small way for centuries by the Igorots. Many claims have been located by Americans in this province, but little work has been done on them.

Concerning the copper and gold deposits of Lepanto-Bontoc, the following statements of Governor Dinwiddie, census supervisor of that province, are of interest:

The future advancement and wealth of Lepanto-Bontoc, from an industrial and commercial standpoint, probably lies in the mining possibilities. The mineral lands so far prospected and developed lie in the southern half of Lepanto, in the section known as Mancayán and Suyo. Since the early forties the Spaniards were aware that valuable mineral was contained in the province, by the stream of gold and copper brought to the coast by the natives, who mined in a primitive way. Some twenty years later, certain Spaniards secured crown grants or concessions for mining, and, from that time to the beginning of the insurrection, such grants were secured by many different parties. A complete list of the Spanish mining concessions may be secured from the Mining Bureau in Manila. No systematic work was ever attempted in this mineral belt, with the exception of the development of the Mancayán Copper Concession, whose boundary lines inclosed an immense body of solid ore, with a bold and precipitous exposure of the mineral on the Abra river, some 1,000 feet in length by 150 feet in height, and which, as has been proven by tunneling, runs back under the hill for many hundreds of feet, the width not yet being known. A syndicate operating this mine erected an old-fashioned smelter half a mile from the mine, with trails leading upward to the plant from the mine. No attempt was made to smelt the low-grade ore, but instead all the many rich leads were followed where the ore showed from 40 to 60 per cent of copper. The result has been that the hill of copper ore has been burrowed into in every direction along these small veins. What the total value of the ore extracted was is not known, the statistics on the subject not being known. It is said that the syndicate stopped operating from lack of Igorot laborers and the fact that so much stealing was done and so many rake-offs taken that the mine did not pay the shareholders.

There are several other Spanish concessions, of both copper and gold, on which more or less desultory work has been done. The gold-bearing rock has received much more attention than the copper, but the method followed was extremely bad; the claims were farmed out to the Igorots, who were allowed half the gold for their labor. The result was, naturally, that the owners did not receive their share, that the operations were only carried on when the Igorot miner needed a few pesos to buy supplies, and he smelted all the silver he dared into the gold buttons. Again,