Caimanes, lake, description of, 239.

Cainta, town, inhabitants of, at time of Legaspi's
visit, 418; conquest of, by Salcedo, 418, 419.
Calaganes, tribe, 470.

Calamba, town, friar lands claimed by inhabi-
tants of, 382.

Calamianes, islands, population of, 422, 425;
number of Christians in, 441; Moro attacks
upon, 441.

Calatrava, river, location and navigable length
of, 69.

Calauag, river, location and navigable length of,
65.

Calayán, island, population of, 421, 448.

Calayo, or Volcán volcano, report on, 200, 206.
Calilaya, island, jurisdiction of, in 1591, 422; pop-
ulation of, 422.

Calilyan, river, location and navigable length of,
65.

Calingas, tribe, 470.

Calumpán, river, location and navigable length
of, 65.

Camacho, archbishop of, obedience of friars en-
forced by, 342, 343.

Camarines. See Ambos Camarines.

Camba, General Garcia. See Cortes, Filipino rep-
resentation in.

Cambodia, commerce with, 479.

Camiguin, island, location and description of, 72,
73, 200, 208-215.

Camiguin, volcano, 208-215; condition of, previous
to 1871, 210; eruption of, 1871, 210-212; visit of
Challenger expedition to, in 1875, 212; island
formed by ejecta from, 246.

Camiguing, island, population of, 421, 448.
Camotes, island, jurisdiction of, in 1591, 422.
Canlaon, volcano, height of, 68, 189, 221.

Cano, Don Juan Sebastian del, circumnavigation
of the globe completed by, 310.

Cap, island, settlements on, 464.

Capas, municipality, 436.

Cape Bojeador, 245.

Cape Engaño, 246.

Cape of Good Hope, early Spanish route to Mo-
lucca Islands via, 310; trade with Spain via, 445.
Cape of Holy Ghost, 351.

Cape San Agustin, 70.

Cape Verde Islands, 309.

Cápiz, province, ancient fortifications of, 321;
early population of, 441; Spanish element in,
479; description of inhabitants of, 524, 525.
Capuchins, number of, 346.

Capul, island, carly population of, 422, 425.
Caraballos Occidentales, mountain range, 60.
Caraballos Sur, mountain range, 60.

Carabao, limited number of, 73; effect of loss of,
on agricultural industries, 357.

Caraga, settlement of, 410.

Carnivora, number of, 73.

Carreri, traveler, Chinese described by, 489.
Casiguran, Tagálog settlement, 423.

Castro, Fernando, forested area estimated by,

77.

Catalanges, tribe, 470.

Catanduanes, island, description of, 65; early
population of, 422.

Catarman, Mt., volcano, 210.
Catbaganes, tribe, 470.

Catholic Church. See church.
Caua, volcanic cone, 246.

Cautarag, mountain peak, location and height of,
70.

Cavite, city, capture of, by Americans, 324, 386;
early population of, 434; importance of, as de-
fense of Manila, 434.

Cavite, province, ancient fortifications of, 321;
English occupation of, 321; insurrection in,
376, 377; early population of, 421, 434; foreign
element in, 479, 480.

Cebu, island and province, description of, 68;
harbor of, 68; birds of, 74; coal region of, 215;
earthquakes of, 215; organization of govern-
ment of, 312, 399; ancient fortifications of, 321;
audiencia of, 399, 400; early trade of, 415;
Magellan's visit to, 415; condition of, at time
of voyage of Legaspi, 417; early population of,
422; description of inhabitants of, 493, 527, 528.

Cecchi, seismograph and microseismograph in-
vented by, 200.

Célebes, islands, volcanic origin of, 185, 186; earth-
quakes in, 197.
Célebes, sea, 50.

Census of Philippine Islands, scope of inquiries
of, 11, 12; conditions essential to taking of, 13;
Spanish language adopted for, 13; difficulties en-
countered in taking. 13, 14, 35, 36; plan and
organization of, 16, 17, 21, 57; instructions in
regard to, 17-19; hostility of Filipinos to, 19, 22;
the Taft proclamation in regard to, 20; subjects
treated in, 27; acts to provide for, 587-595; offi-
cers, clerks, etc., of, 597-601.

Centeno, volcanic regions described by, 193, 194,
243-245.

Chaffee, Maj. Gen. A. R., 388 (note).

Chao Ju Kua, account of early Chinese trade by,
481, 482.

Charles III, Jesuits expelled by, 322; promotion
of insular trade by, 354.

Charles V, equipment of Magellan for voyage of
discovery by, 310.

Charts, Spanish coast, inaccuracy of, 51, 57.
Chico, river, location and navigable length of, 64.
China, subjugation of, planned by early Span-
iards, 314; commerce with, 346, 347, 479; Ming
dynasty, 481; Spanish trade with, 482.
China sea, formation of baguíos in, 160.
Chinese, enumeration of, 38, 39; occupations of, 39;
restriction of immigration of, 318, 491; insurrec-
tions and massacres of, 319, 485-489; expulsion
of, 319; legislation in regard to, 320, 487, 489;
alleged dominion of, 326 (note); taxation of,
358-361, 490; earliest appearance of, in archipel
ago,481; influence of, on industrial development
of the islands, 333, 482-491; professional men
among, 483, 484; efforts to Christianize, 483; in-
termarriage of, 489; number of, 490.

Chirino, Padre Pedro, historian, 425, 484.
Cholera, prevalence of, in 1902, 42; epidemic of,
in 1820, 323, 345; population decreased by, 444.
Christian tribes, general summary of, 38, 39;
doctrinal teaching of, 426; description and
enumeration of, 418-453.

Christianity, introduction of, 32.

Christie, Emerson, extracts from reports of, on
Filipinos, 552-559.

Church, Catholic, decline of power of, 34: temporal
power of, 335; decline of temporal power of, 338,
339; separation of, from state, 339; number of
members in islands, 346; organization of, 369,
370; dissensions of, with audiencia, 395; build-
ings, 449.

Cigars, quality of, in Manila, 40.

Citizenship, rights of, guaranteed by American
Sovereignty, 371.

Civilization, nonprogressive character of, in early
history, 33, 34, 336, 337; effect of Spain's colo-
nial policy on, 340, 341.

Cleopatra's Needle, mountain, location and
height of, 70.

Clerks, American, in office of Director of Philip-
pine Census, 597; native, for examination of
Philippine Census schedules, 598.

Climate, healthfulness of, 43; effect of latitude
and altitude on, 87, 88; effect of the soil on, 89,
90; influence of mountains on, 89; effect of veg-
etation on, 90; effect of cloudiness on, 104.
Climatology, summary of important facts in, 106.
Clouds, 106, 146-152.

Coal, occurrence of, 79-81; quality and quantity
of, 80, 81; value of, to commerce, 81.
Coasts, description of, 50-52.

Cogtong, river, location and navigable lengthof,68.
Colla, atmospheric phenomenon known as, 154.
Colleges, San José, 335; Santo Tomás, 335, 336; San
Juan de Letran, 336.

Colonial government, intimate relation between
church and state in, 361, 362; religious character
of laws under, 362; legislative, judicial, and
executive power provided for under, 362-364;
order of succession of executive, provided for
under, 363, 364; military and naval affairs of,
364; formation of provinces for administrative
purposes by, 365.

Colonial policy of Spain, 30-34, 340, 341.

Comandancia, definition of, 59.
Combes, Jesuit historian, reference to writings
of, 462.

Commerce, Chinese and Japanese trade, a factor
in development of, 327, 346, 347, 489, 490; restric-
tions of, in trade with Europe and the Americas,
347-349; Spain's monopoly of, with America,
348, 349; shipping regulations of, 349; free trade
established for encouragement of, 355, 356; open-
ing of ports to foreigners, 446; effect of foreign
population on, 479; effect of Spanish settlement
of Manila on, 482.

Commerce and Police, department of, 371 (note).
Commercial court, jurisdiction of, 405.

Commission, Philippine, legislative functions ex-
ercised by, 370, 371.

Comyn, Tomás de, Filipinos described by, 349,
495 (note).

Concepción, Fray Juan de la, reference to writ-
ings of, 485, 486.

Constabulary, Philippine, 373.

Contentious court, jurisdiction of, 405, 406.
Convent of, Our Lady of Candelaria of Dilao, Our
Lady of Loreto of San Pálok (Sampaloc), San
Diego de Polo, San Francisco de Meycauayan,
San Martín de Bocaue, Santa Ana de Sapa,
428; Cadiguran de San Antonio, La Natividad
de Pángil, San Antonio de Pila, San Bartolomé
de Nagcarlán, San Francisco de Lumban, San
Gerónimo de Mórong, San Gregorio de Majay-
jay, San Ildefonso de Tanay, San Juan Bautista
de Lilio, San Luis de Luchán, San Marcos de
Binangonan, San Pedro de Siniloan, San
Salvador de Cavinti, Santa Cruz, Santa María
de Caboan, Santa María de Mabitac, Santa
María Magdalena de Pililla, Santa Ursula of
Binangonan, Santiago de Paete, 429.
Convento, definition of, 58.

Copper, occurrence of, 81-84.

Corcuera, Governor, insurrection due to, 487;
regulations in regard to Chinese amended by,

490.

Cordillera Central, mountain range, location
and description of, 60, 61, 68.

Cordillera Norte, mountain range, location and
description of, 60, 61.

Cordillera Sur, mountain range, location and
description of, 61.

Corregidor Island, ancient fortifications of, 321.
Cortes, representation of Filipinos in, 322, 323,
446.

Cottabato, district, enumeration of Moros in, 25,
26; seismic activity in, 202.

Council of Indies, taxation of Chinese prescribed
by, 359; powers of, defined, 361, 362; publication
of recapitulation of laws by, 362; provisions of,
in regard to Philippines, 395, 396.
Courts, civil, 398, 408; military, 398, 404, 408, 409;
Supreme, Spanish, 399; of First Instance, 400-
402; ecclesiastical, 404; commercial, 405; treas-
ury, 405; contentious, 405, 406; probate, 406;
Major-General Merritt's proclamation concern-
ing condition of, 407; Philippine, 407-410; pro-
vost, 408, 409; local, reestablishment of, under
civil government, 409; language of, 410.
Crater lakes of Taal volcano, description of, 228,

229.

Cristiana Negrita, tribe, 470.

Cryptophones, 200.

Cuernos de Negros, mountain peak, height of, 68.
Culangalan, extinct volcano, location of, 63.
Culión, island, ancient fortifications of, 321.
Currency, exchange medium used in primitive
times, 827; denominative values of coins used,
357.

Currents, Equatorial, 56: effect of, 90; ocean, di-
rection and effect of, 90; air, higher, 146-152;
air, extraordinary, 152-183.
Custom-house, establishment of, in Manila, 347
(note).

Cuyo, island, ancient fortifications of, 321; popu-
lation of, 422.

Cyclones. See baguios.

Cyclones in the Far East, The, reference to, 176; ex-
tracts from, 199.

Dadayag, tribe, 471.

Daet, town, municipal government of, 523.

Danao, river, navigable length of, 69.
Dapitan, comandancia, mountains of, 72; ancient
fortifications of, 321.

Daraga, town, location of, 63.

Dasmariñas, Gov. Gómez Pérez, 396, 484, 485.
Dasmariñas, Gov. Luis Pérez, Chinese insurrection
quelled by, 319; encouragement of trade by, 347.
Datos, prerogatives of, 400; cruelties and abuses
of, 577-579.

Dávao, direction of clouds in, 152; seismic observa-
tions in, 202–204.

Davis, Maj. Gen. Geo. W., presentation of ancient
map of Manila by, 321 (note); extract from re-
port of, on Filipinos, 573–585.

Day, Maj. M. W., description of Bagobo and Man-
daya tribes by, 561.

De Meluccis Insulis, letter on Magellan's voyage,

415.

Death rate in 1902, 42.

Deaths, adoption of international classification
of causes of, 43.

Dechevrens, Father Marc, reference to writings
of, 152 (note).

Dedica Deefs, volcano of, 246.

Defective classes, comparison of, with United
States, 39.

Departments of insular government, 371 (notes),
Dewey, Commodore George, blockading of Manus
by, 324; surrender of Manila to, 324.
Diccionario, Buzeta's, extract from, 442, 443, 490.
Dinagat, island, description of, 73.

Dinwiddie, governor of Lepanto Bontoc, report
of, on copper and gold deposits, 82; extracts
from report of, on Igorots, 533–544.
Diseases, enumeration of, 42.

Districts, census supervisors', officers of, 598–601.
Districts, military, number of, 59.
Diwata, deity, sacrifices to, 463.

Dominicans, early work of, 315; educational work
of, 334, 336; number of, in 1898, 346 (note);
region assigned to, 425; efforts of, to Christianize
Chinese, 483.

Donsol, river, location and navigable length
of, 65.

Drake, English corsair, capture of Spanish nao
by, 352.

Draper, Brigadier. See Manila, English occupa-
tion of.

Drifts, surface, effect of, 56.

Dumagás, river, navigable length of, 70.
Dumagat, tribe, 471.

Dutch, invasion by, 430.

Duties and customs, imposition of, 347 (note):
tariff rates fixed by committee on, 356; revenue
derived from, 359; present collections compared
with those under Spanish régime, 360, 361.

Earthquakes, frequency of, 195, 196; principle of
occurrence of, 196; varieties of, 196; regions of
greatest activity, 197-254.
Ecclesiastical court, jurisdiction and personnel
of, 404.

Eenig, tribe, 471.

Education, early work of monastic orders in, 32, 34;
Catholic Church, in charge of, 40, 41, 333-336;
nonprogressive character of, 336; progress of,
due to Western influences, 336, 337; provisions
for, by United States, 339; political, 447; public
school system, 447.

El Filibusterismo, political novel, purpose of, 382
Elevations, list of, 255–262.

Emancipation from Spain, disturbances, upris-
ings, and insurrections, 374-388.
Emigration, laws restricting, 332, 333.

Encomenderos, authority of, 330; abuse of slaves
by, 331; ordinance of 1512 regarding, 423.
Encomienda, definition of, 312 (note), 330, 420;
duration of system of, 423.

Engaño, cape, volcanic cone in region of, 246.
England, Spanish war with, 320, 321; commerce
with, 356.

English, capture of Manila by, 431; occupation of
Manila by, 489.

Entrada de la Seráfica Religion de Nuestro P. S
Francisco en las Islas Filipinas, extract from, 427.
Enumerators, Philippine Census, appointment,
instruction, and salaries of, 13, 16–19.
Epocaó, tribe, 471.

Exports, 348-351, 357, 445.
Ezpeleta, Miguel, 320; surrender of Manila by,
321.

Fabi, Angel, Filipinos described by, 505.
Fauna, general remarks regarding, 73, 74.
Faura, Father, S. J., systematic study of baguios
begun by, 29.

Featherman, A., Tagalogs described by, 498.
Ferrer, Father Baltassar, notes on clouds, by, 152.
Filipino League, reforms attempted by, 383.
Filipinos, intelligence and capacity of, 44; spolia-
tion of, by early Spanish officials, 391; descrip-
tion of, by Legaspi, 493; by Francisco de Sande,
493; by Antonio de Morga, 491; by Gaspar de
San Agustín, 494; by Joaquín Martínez de Zúñi-
ga, 494, 495; by Tomás de Comyn, 495; by Dr. Paul
de la Gironiére, 495, 496; by Robert MacMicking,
496; by Feodor Jägor, 496; by William Gifford Pal-
grave, 497; by Sir John Bowring, 497; by A. Feath-
erman,498; by Rudolf Virchow, 498, 499; by Dean
C.Worcester, 499, 500; by John Foreman, 500-503:
by Frederic H. Sawyer, 503, 504; by Dr. Manuel
Xerez, 504; by Maj. Frank S. Bourns, 501, 505;
by Maj. Gen. Arthur MacArthur, 505; by Angel
Fabi, 505; by Rev. Homer C. Stuntz, 506, 507; by
Archbishop Nozaleda, 507, 508; by Ramón Reyes
Lala, 509, 510; by David P. Barrows, 510, 511; by
Gov. W. H. Taft, 529–531.

Finance, monetary standard of Philippine Is-
lands, 357; collection and expenditure of mu-
nicipal funds, 369.

Finance and Justice, department of, 371 (note).
Firearms, Filipinos prohibited from the purchase
or carrying of, 371 (note).
Fish, abundance of, 74.
Fisheries, pearl, 416.

Flora, description of, 75.

Flores, Father Cosme de, Christian teaching of,
426.

Foreman, John, historian, Filipinos described by,
500-503.

Forestry Bureau, report of, 78.

Forests, extent of, 75, 77; products of, 75, 78: variety
of woods in, 75; altitude of, 76; value of, to Gov-
ernment, 77; method of logging, 77; timber pro-
duction, amount of, 78.

Forrest, Captain, historian, 467.
Forts, description of, 321.

Franciscans, early missionary work of, 315; num-
ber of, in 1898, 346 (note); educational work
and influence of, 427; convents of, 428, 429.
Friars, review of work of, 32-35, 310-346; financial
condition of, 344-346; number of, in archipelago,
346 (note); value of landholdings of, 346 (note);
municipal duties of, 369, 370 (note); relation
of, to Spanish government, 378,379; petitions
for expulsion of, 382, 383.

Funston, General, capture of Aguinaldo by, 430.

Gaddang or Gaddan. See Igorot tribe.
Gannett, Henry, assistant director of Philippine
Census, statistics collected by, 17.

García, Regino, special contributions to census
statistics by, 36; article on the cultivation of
rice by, Vol. IV.

Geology, historical, of Philippine Islands, 194, 195.
Gibabuan, tribe, 471.

Gilmore, Lieutenant, capture of, by insurrectos
at Baler, 430.

Gironière, Dr. Paul de la, Filipinos described by,
495.

Gisbert, Father Mateo, ascent of Apo volcano
by, 202.

Gobernadorcillo, election of, 365.
Gold, occurrence of, 79, 81, 82.

Government (under Spanish régime), local com-
plaints against arbitrary nature of, and re-
sultant changes in, 314; local, 325-339; no par-
ticipation in, by Filipinos, 337; colonial policy
from earliest times, 361-370; continuance of
tribal authority under, 365, 366; municipal, 367,
368; appointment of high functionaries, 370;
beginning of dissatisfaction with, 374, 375;
alleged movement of secession, 377; persecution
of Filipinos who opposed the friars, 378; abuses
leading to movement of secession, 379, 380; in-
fluence of press in arousing discontent with,

380; organization to overthrow, 383; reforms
in, demanded by Filipinos, 383 (note); repres-
sive measures adopted by, 385; persecution of
suspected revolutionists, 385; revolt of Ilocos
against, 447; relation to Chinese government,
482.
Government (insular), local, 339; purchase of
friar lands by, 346 (note); changes in, under
United States sovereignty, 370; executive de-
partments and bureaus of, 371; provisions for
legislative assembly, 371; municipal, 372, 373;
support of, 373; police force of, 373; insurrection
of Filipinos against, 387.

Governor, civil, duties and powers of, 366, 367,
370; method of indictment of, 392; provincial,
appointment of, 402.

Grande de la Pampanga, river, population in val-
ley of, 419.

Guagua, Chinese riot in, 320.

Guanga, tribe, 471.

Halcón, Mt., height of, 66; settlement of Igorots
on, 460.

Harbors, inefficiency of, 52; classified list of, 54, 55.
Head-hunting tribes, 412, 437, 458, 462, 463, 471.
Hemp, production of, 40, 356, 357, 463.

Hickok, Capt. H. R., account of enumeration of
Siassi Moros by, 27.

Himagaaon, river, navigable length of, 69.
Hindus, power and influence of, 412, 451.
Historia General de las Filipinas, by Fray Juan de
la Concepción, extract from, 486.

Historical View of the Philippine Islands, by Joaquín
Martinez de Zúñiga, extract from, 494.
Holland and Spain, early conflict between, 317,

Igorots, method of enumeration of, 24; ethnolog-
ical classification of, 412; uncivilized condition
of, at time of Zúñiga, 438; relation of Gaddang
to, 449, 468; tribes classified as, 456-458, 471; gen-
eral information concerning, 533-545.
Ilano, tribe, description of, 466, 472; classification
of, 561, 562.

Iligan, district, enumeration of Moros of, 25.
Illana, bay, earthquakes of, 197, 206, 207.
Ilocanos, alphabet used by, 327; etymology of
name of, 449, 450, 468; comparison of, with Ta-
gálogs, 508; description of, 511-515.

Ilocos, Norte and Sur, provinces, lack of rivers in,
64; earthquakes of, 245; seismic waves in, 250;
organization of provinces of, 365; population
of, 421, 438; tobacco production in, 446: revolt
of. 447; description of inhabitants of, 511.
Iloilo, province, winds of, 146, 197; ancient forti-
fications of, 321; conquest of, by Legaspi, 418;
Spanish element in, 479; description of inhabi-
tants of, 527.

Iloilo, river, navigable length of, 70.
Ilokano. See Ilocano.

Ilongots, tribe, classification of, 472; description
of, 545-547.

Immigration, of Chinese restricted, 318, 333; of
Arabs and Hindus, 412.

Imports, from Mexico, 351, 445; from Japan, 479;
from China, 482, 484.
Improvements, public, 446.

Inabanga, river, description of, 68.
India, trade with, 427, 479.

Indians, treatment of, 390; Mexican, influence
of, on population, 480.

Indies, council of. See Council of Indies.
Indio, definition of, 431 (note).

Indonesian, tribe, classification of, 462.

Industry and commerce, development of, 445;
effect of Chinese competition on, 485.
Infieles, tribe, 472.

Inhabitants of the Philippines, The, by Frederic H.
Sawyer, extract from, 503.

Inquisition, jurisdiction of, in Philippines, 33.
Insects, number of species of, 71.
Institutions, educational, 335, 336.
Instruments, seismic, 198-200.

Insular trade, companies organized to carry on,
354; opening of ports to foreigners, 355, 356;
factors in development of, 355-357.
Insurrections against Spain, 323, 374.
Interior, department of, 371 (note).

Ipil, river, location and navigable length of, 68.
Ipukao, tribe, 472.

Iriga, volcanic peak, height of, 63; eruption of,

226.

Irocin, river, location and navigable length of, 65.
Iron, occurrences of, 79, 84; quality of, 85.
Isabela, province, volcanic disturbances in, 245;
dialect of, 449.

Isabela, town, location of, 73; ancient fortifica-
tions of, 321.

Isabela II, movement for emancipation from
Spain, during reign of, 374.

Isanay, tribe, relation of, to Igorot, 449, 472.
Isarog, Mt., height of, 63; extinct volcano of, 189.
Isinac, tribe, 472.

Islamism, influence of, 412, 463.

Islands, Philippine. See Philippine Islands.
Islas Samales, location of, 465.

Isotherms, irregularity of, 90.

Isthmuses, submerged, connection of Borneo and
Célebes with Philippine Islands by, 50.
Ita, tribe, 472.

Ituy, mission of, 439, 449.

Izquierdo, General (1871-1873), repressive measure
adopted by, 376-379.

Jaena, writer of revolutionary sentiment, 380.
Jägor, Feodor, ascent of Mayón volcano by, 224;
Filipinos described by, 496.

Jalajala, peninsula, volcanic formation of, 239.
Jalaur, river, description of, 69.

Japan, typhoons of, 162; subjugation of, planned
by early Spaniards, 314; commerce with, 347,
427, 479.

Japan current, direction of, 56.

Japanese, element in Filipino race, 478; settle-
inents by, 480.

Jaro, river, navigable length of, 69.
Jernegan, P. F., contributions to census statistics
by, 36; article on education under the Ameri-
cans, Vol. III.

Jesuits, expulsion of, 34, 322; educational work
of, 334, 336, 417, 426; power of, 345; first coming
of, 424, 425; missionary work of, 440; work of, in
tribe classification, 467.

Joló island, description of, 73; home of Sulus, 414.
Joló (Sulu), sea, depth of, 184; submarine seismic
center in, 198; peculiar features of region of, 207.
Joloana, tribe, 472.

Jomonjol, island. See Homonhón.

Judge-advocates, power and prerogatives of, 398.
Judiciary, description of, 389, 409; personnel of,
provided for, 409.

Junta, general convention of, in Manila, person-
nel of (1586), 395.

Jury, no trial by, 371 (note).

Justices, irremovability of, royal order establish-
ing, 398.

Justices of the peace, duties of, 402-404.

Kalibugan, tribe, conversion of, 466; classifica-
tion of, 472, 561.

Kalingas, tribe, 472.

Kennon, Maj. L. W. V., account of enumeration
of Moros of Iligan by, 25.

Kina Balu, mountain peak of, 185.

Kock, Otto, Apo volcano described by, 203.
Koran, 569-571, 574.

Koto, description of volcanic belt by, 187.
Krakatoa, group (volcanic), 236.

Kue-Sing, Chinese pirate, 319, 482, 488, 489.
Kurile, islands, mountain ranges of, 196.

La Laguna, province, population of, 419, 4:22, 433;
Spanish element in, 479.

La Torre, Governor-General, 375.

La Unión, province, lack of rivers in, 64; tobacco
cultivation in, 358; description of inhabitants
of, 511.

Labó, Mt., height of, 63.

Laguna de Bay, description of, 62, 64; relation to
Maquiling volcano, 236; outlet of, 247; Chinese
settlements on shores of, 487.

Laguna de Mainit, location of, 70.

Lala, Ramón Reyes, description of Filipinos by,

509.

Lamenusa, island, home of Sámal, 464.

Lanao, lake, description of, 72, 88; earthquake
of, 197; military districts of, 562.

Landargan, mountain, location and height of, 70.
Language, Sanskrit element in, 412; aboriginal

tongue, 448; dialects, 448, 449, 461, 515, 516.
Lasada, Juan Pardo de, convent founded by, 428.
Latitude, climate as affected by, 88.

Lavezares, Governor, measures against abuse of
slaves adopted by, 331.

Laws, royal, religious, character of. 362; publica-
tion of code of, 362; in behalf of natives, 389.
Laws of the Indies, origin of, 32; homes of enco-
menderos, prescribed by, 330; emigration of
Spanish restricted by, 332; immigration of Span-
ish restricted by, 333; enforced labor of Fili-
pinos prohibited by, 359; power of alcaldes
prescribed by, 366.

Lead, occurrence of, 85.

Lecaroz, Juan Francisco. See Cortes, representa-
tion of Filipinos in.

Lechambre, General, revolutionary forces of Ca-
vite quelled by, 385.

Legal tender, Mexican money not accepted as,
357.

Legaspi, erection of monument in Manila to, 31:
founding of Manila by, 312; organization of gov-
ernment of Cebú by, 312; first governor and
captain-general of Philippine Islands, 363; judi-
cial power of, 389; early settlements described
by, 417, 418; Filipinos described by, 493.
Legaspi, town, 63.

Legislative assembly, provisions for, $71.
Lepanto-Bontoc, province, organization of, 57;
area and capital of, 58; copper and gold de
posits in, 82; earthquakes of, 245; description of
inhabitants of, 458, 533; agricultural industries
of, 540.

Lepers, care of, by early missionaries, 33.
Leyte, island and province, area and capital of,
58; physical geography of, 66, 67, 185; birds ef,
74; meteorological district of, 200; earthquake
in, 251; population of, 422, 440; rebellion in, 424
settlement of Jesuits in, 425; Spanish element
in, 479.

Liguasan, lake, description of, 72; Moro settle-
ment around, 416.

Limahong, incursions of, 313, 482.

Limasagua, island, 414, 417.

Linapacan, island, ancient fortifications of, 321.
Linguienza, Capt. D. Antonio, 224.
Lizards, abundance of, 74.

Llave, Amelio A. y, contributions to census sta-
tistics by, 36; article on indigo by, Vol. IV,
Llorente, peak, location and height of, 69.
Loboc, river, navigable length of, 67.

Locusts, pestilence of, 419.

Logging, method of, 77.

Lumbang, river, navigable length of, 64.
Luzón, island, description of, 51, 60, 415; area of,
57, 60; mountains of, 62; birds of, 74; rainfall
of, 119, 120; active and extinct volcanic cones of
186, 189; tuff region of, 191: earthquakes in, 197;
meteorological stations of, 199: volcanic and
seismic centers of. 221, 245, 246, 250, 251; insur-
rection in, against U. S., 388; Chinese trade
with, 415, 416, 481; Mohammedanism established
in, 416; conquest of, by Legaspi, 418; population
of, 421, 422, 429: early settlement of, 421, 423, 436;
tribes inhabiting, 451,494; derivation and mean-
ing of name, 484.

Luzuriaga, Hon. José, special contributions to
census statistics by, 36; article on the cultiva-
tion of sugar cane, Vol. IV.

Lynch, Capt. Charles, international classification
of death titles by, 43.

Lyon, W. S., contributions to census statistics by,
36; article on the cultivation of the coconut
by, Vol. IV.

Mabalacat, population of, 436.

MacArthur, Maj. Gen. A., military governor of
Philippines, 388 (note); extract from report of,

505.

Macaturín, volcano, 189; seismic center of, 205–207.
MacMicking, Robert, Filipinos described by, 496.
Macroseismic activity, region of, 197, 198; subma-
rine, location of, 251.

Mactán, island, Magellan's death in, 310, 415;
Cebu's jurisdiction over, 422.
Madiaás, mountain peak, 69.
Magat, river, 64.

Magellan, Ferdinand, discovery of the Philippine
Islands by, 309; theory of, in regard to location
of Molucca Islands, 310; other discoveries of,
413-415; death of, 415.

Magoló, volcano, 71.

Magtalisay, river, navigable length of, 70.
Maguindanao Moros, 416, 466-468.
Maize, culture of, 463.

Malabahoc, mountain, height of, 68.

Malabang, ancient fortifications of, 321.

Malabón, business center, 435.
Malakka, commerce with, 479.

Malálag, seismic observations at, 202.

Malanao, tribe, 473.

Malarial fever, prevalence of, 529.

Malay, element of, in Filipino race, 32, 411, 412,

477; description of, 497, 498.

Malhón. See Homonhón.

Malinao, volcano, 63, 189, 266.

Malindang, volcano, location of, 72.

Malolos, seat of revolutionary government, 387.
Mamanuas, tribe, 461, 473.

Mamburao, Mohammedan stronghold, 418.
Mammalia, number and species of, 73.

Mandaya, tribe, home of, 462; classification of, 473.
Mangian, tribe, 472.

Manguanga, tribe, 473.
Manguianes, tribe, 473.

Mangyans, etymology of name, 460; tribal classi-
fication of, 473; general description of, 547, 548.
Manidi, tribe, 473.

Manila, bay, depth of, 62; early settlement in
vicinity of, 412.

Manila, city, weather bureau of, 29; observatory
of, 29, 156, 247; founding of, 31, 32, 312, 420;
harbor of, 46; commercial importance of, 46, 47,
421, 479; thermic conditions of, 98-104; rainfall
of, 108-128; winds in, 128-154; cyclones and
storms observed in, 158-162; earthquakes in,
247-251; ancient fortifications of, 321; English
evacuation of, 322; insurrection in, 323; cholera
epidemic in, 323, 345; surrender of, to Ameri-
can forces, 324; blockade of, by Dewey, 324,
386; university in, 336; custom-house in, 347
(note); commerce of, with Mexico, 348, 352,
431: making a free port of, 355; seat of gov-
ernment under present régime, 370; early pop-
ulation of, 421, 425, 438, 479; suburbs of, 428;
capture of, by English, 431; archbishopric of,
438; Asiatic people in, 479; commerce of, 479.
Manobo, tribe, etymology of name, 461; classifi-
cation of, 473.

Manoke Manka, island, home of Sámal, 464.

Manovos, tribe, 473.
Mansaca, tribe, 473.

Mantabúan, island, home of Sámal, 464.
Mantalingajan, mountain, altitude of, 70.
Manufactures, 46, 355.

Maps, use of, in census enumeration, 14; inac-
curacy of topographic information, 51.

Maquiling, volcano, location and height of, 189;
description of, 236; present activity of, 238;
relative position of, to Manila, 247; seismic
centers of, 250.

Maragondóng, municipality, settlement of, 435.
Marble, occurrence of, 85.

Marinduque, island, description of, 65; tobacco
production of, 358; early population of, 425; in-
habitants of, 521.

Mariveles, mountain, altitude, 61; secondary
seismic center existing at, 249.
Masalacot, volcanic cone, 239.

Masaraga, volcanic peak, height of, 63.
Masbate island and province, physical geography
of, 66; submarine seismic center of, 198, 227;
early population of, 422, 425; description of in-
habitants of, 522, 523.

Masó, S. J., Rev. M. Saderra, work in Manila ob-
servatory by, 30; special statistics to census by,
36; description of volcanoes and seismic cen-
ters by, 184-253.

Matantany, river, 65.

Matutum, volcano, description of, 71; location
of, 189; peculiar features of, 202.

Maubán, Tagálog settlement, early population
of, 423.

Mayi, Chinese name for Philippines, 481.

Maymagui, mountain, location and height of, 69.
Mayón, volcano, location and description of, 63,
189, 222-226, 243; eruptions of, 225.
Mayoyao, tribe, 473.

Mayuboc, river, location and navigable length
of, 65.

Mendoza, Father Juan Gonzales de, author of
History of China, 326.

Mercury, occurrence of, 85.

Merritt, Gen. Wesley J., surrender of Manila to,
324; proclamation of war issued by, 386, 387;
proclamation concerning military occupation
of islands issued by, 407.

Mestizo, word defined, 431 (note).

tribution of, 438.

Chinese, dis-

Mexico, trade with, 348-354, 445; subsidy from,
431; silver brought from, 482, 485.

Microseismographs, 198, 200.

Microseismometer, description and use of, 200.
Military, force of Spain in Philippines, 33; serv-
ice, requirements of, under Spanish régime, 373.
Military and naval courts, jurisdiction of, 404.
Milne, Prof. J., classification of earthquakes by,
196; observations of seismic disturbance by,
196; suboceanic features of Philippine archi-
pelago noted by, 196; microseismic activity, re-
gion of, defined by, 197; microseismograph in-
vented by 198; report on seismic center of
Panay by, 220.

Mindanao, island, wild tribes of, 24; description
of, 51, 57, 70, 72, 415; mountains of, 70, 71, 185;
birds of, 74; averages of rainfall at specified
places in, 120; result of low barometer in, 153;
volcanic cones in, 189; earthquakes and vol-
canoes in, 197, 198, 200, 221; seismic observations
in, 202; epicentral region of, 205; seismic foci of,
216-221; Mohammedanism in. 328, 413, 414, 416;
resistance in, to American authority, 388; early
kings of, 414; population of, 419, 422; Sultan of,
466: Chinese trade with, 481.
Mindoro, island, size and description of, 65; to-
bacco produced in, 358; Mohammedan influence
in, 413; conquest of, by Legaspi, 418; population
of, 422; depopulation of, by Moro pirates, 434;
Spanish element in, 479.

Minerals, occurrence and production of, 79-86.
Mines, in Negros and vicinity, 419; in Panay at
time of Salcedo, 419.

Mining Bureau of insular government, report of,

79.

Mint, establishment of, in Manila, 357.
Misamis, province, area and capital of, 58; ancient
fortifications of, 321; description of inhabitants
of, 528, 529.