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in want of labourers, for a certain number and description of men. This order is by the next mail sent to one of their numerous agents in Great Britain or Europe, and by an early steamer the men are brought to New York, and by the company transported to the place where they are to be employed. The employer ordering the men advances the expenses of their emigration, and they bind themselves to labour for him for a year, and repay the advances from their wages.

"Thus, the European labourer, who has not the means of improving his condition by emigration, has the means supplied, and when he comes over, he does so, not as has generally heretofore been the case, upon an uncertainty as to employment and destination, but with the certainty of a home and good wages. In addition to this the company assumes the protection and care of all emigrants who choose to come at their own expense to its care, and finds them employment in the interior of the country, removing them at once from the many evils inseparable from a detention in New York. And all this the company does without charge to the emigrant, but looking wholly to the employer for its compensation.

"The company does not profess to be a purely philanthropic one, but while doing a great and truly philanthropic work, has undertaken it wholly on business principles. The gentlemen composing the company are among our best business men, and the

assurance of its success lies, as I think, in its business character.

"I learn that the operations of the company abroad have been embarassed by a suspicion, quite general, that the agents are engaged, either directly or indirectly, in obtaining recruits for the United States Army. Let me assure you that the suspicion is wholly unfounded.

"I speak from my personal knowledge of the active managers of the company, and from particular inquiry made on the subject. The legitimate object of the company, which is one of too great importance to be needlessly hazarded, would be wholly defeated by engaging in such a business.

"I understand from them that they would be glad of a most rigid investigation of any particular case that may seem suspicious. Whatever may have been done by others, you may rest assured that this company has nothing to do with obtaining emigrants for any other purpose than that of labourers in the ordinary industrial pursuits.

"The Chamber of Commerce of the city of New York, whose opinion commands respect everywhere, has just adopted, by a unanimous vote, a report of a committee on immigration, setting forth the great demand for labour here, and the special inducements presented to foreign labourers to emigrate to this country, and commending in direct terms both the object and the character of the American

Emigrant Company. Very respectfully and truly H. W. BEECHER.”

yours,

"Thomas Bayley Potter, Esq., Manchester,

England."

Thus it is we see how Mr. Beecher, an avowed freetrader when in this country, lends himself to promote the vast schemes of the Northern protectionists, and to build up America at the expense of, and to the injury of other nations—whilst Mr. T. B. Potter's remedy is like Dame Partington's mop to dry up the Atlantic.

Sectional jealousies and bitterness were created by the two policies which obtained between the North and South. This was very natural, as both desired to rise in the scale of prosperity, but when high tariffs prevailed Southern interests went down, and Northern ones rose higher; but when tariffs were low, the Southern interests rose higher, and Northern ones went down. "Hence," says the Charleston Mercury, "the Northerns live upon us, and the South affords them the double gratification of an object for hatred, and a field for plunder."

When, therefore, Northern and Southern representatives met each other in Congress and introduced their different schemes, whether on the tariffquestion, or the extension of territory, or the improvement of rivers, or the building of railways by land grants, each tried to intimidate and frustrate the designs of each other; so that each believing that the other

was a dead weight on the wheels of progress, it would have been much better for them to have separated in peace, and each to have formed themselves into a new confederacy. "But how was this to be accomplished," exclaims an advocate of the Federals? Was not the preservation of the Union to the North an imperial, imperious, and overmastering necessity to which every thing else must bow if the North could not conquer the South, must not the South conquer the North? It was quite necessary for the North to subdue the South to carry out her protectionist theories and policy, as between the low tariffs of Canada and the free trade policy which would have been adopted in the South, the high tariffs of the North would have been 'crumpled up," which it dreaded, although such a result would ultimately have conferred immense advantages on themselves and on the whole world. On the other hand the slaveholding interest which has been fostered by both sections of the country would have received its death-blow. Instead of being able to extend the nefarious system to new territories, it would have been crippled in the old States where it had so long taken root, exerted its baleful influence, and destroyed the interests of men for both worlds. From the period separation took place, a process would have commenced which would have inevitably changed slave into free labour. The frontier line between the two is so long that it would have been impossible for the Southern States

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or government to have found men or means to have prevented slaves escaping into the North; and whilst the Northerns would no longer have pursued their vocation as man-hunters for the Southerns, every slave escaping would have helped to create a demand for labour in the South, so that as the slaves came out, free labourers would have gone in, and this process would have brought with it the destruction of slavery without bloodshed. Much has been said about geographical boundary lines, a line of custom houses, and military out-posts. The writer attaches far more importance to lines of political affinity than those which are geographical or natural; it will give him joy when all customhouses are swept away as a world nuisance, if he should ever live to see such an eventful day, and military outpost systems and standing armies are fast giving place to the volunteer system which forms the basis for the most efficient means of de

fence any country can possess. Canada is a source of anxiety and trouble to the British government at the present time in these respects, but we have reason to believe that this would not be the case if volunteer bands were organized and as thoroughly drilled and exercised in Canada and the British colonies as they are in England and the States. such a case the old flag would continue to be a terror to the evil doers amongst the nations, as well as the praise of them that do well, with the right men to steer the national ship; and the right principles and policy to control them.

In