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be eligible to that office, who fhall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a refident within the United States.

VI. In cafe of the removal of the Prefident from office, or of his death, refignation, or inability to difcharge the powers and duties of the faid office, the fame fhall devolve on the Vice-prefident; and the Congrefs may by law provide for the case of removal, death, refignation, or inability, both of the Prefident and Vice-prefident, declaring what officer fhall then act as President: and fuch officer fhall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a Prefident fhall be elected.

VII. The Prefident fhall, at ftated times, receive for his fervices a compenfation, which fhall neither be increased nor diminifhed during the period for which he shall have been elected; and he fhall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.

VIII. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:

"I do folemnly fwear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of Prefident of the United States; and will, to the beft of my ability, preferve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the

United States."

SECTION II.

1. The Prefident fhall be Commander in Chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the feveral States, when called into the actual service of the United States. He may require the opinion in writing of the principal officers in each of the executive departments, upon any fubject relating to the duties of their refpective offices: and he fall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cafes of impeachment.

II. He fhall have power, by and with the advice and confent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators prefent concur: and he fhall nominate, and by and with the advice and confent of the Senate fhall appoint ambassadors, other public Minifters and Confuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whofe appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congrefs may by law veft the appointment of fuch inferior officers as they think proper, in the Prefident alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

III. The Prefident fhall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recefs of the Senate, by granting commiffions, which fhall expire at the end of their next feffion.

SECTION III.

He fhall from time to time give to the Congrefs information of the state of the Union; and recommend to their confideration fuch measures as he fhall judge neceffary and expedient. He may, on

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extraordinary occafions, convene both Houfes, or either of them; and in cafe of difagreement between them, with refpect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to fuch time as he shall think proper. He fhall receive ambaffadors and other public mi nifters. He fhall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commiffion all the officers of the United States.

SECTION IV.

The Prefident, Vice-prefident, and all civil officers of the United States, fhall be removed from office, on impeachment for, and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. SECTION I.

The judicial power of the United States fhall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in fuch inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior Courts, fhall hold their offices during good behaviour; and fhall, at stated times, receive for their fervices, a compenfation, which fhall not be diminished during their continuance in office,

SECTION II.

The judicial power fall extend to all cafes in law and equity arifing under this Conftitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority; to all cafes affecting Ambaffadors, other public Minifters and Confuls; to all cafes of admiralty and maritime jurifdiction; to controver fies to which the United States fhall be a party; to controverfies be tween two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the fame State, claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or fubjects.

II. In all cafes affecting Ambaffadors, other public Minifters and Confuls, and thofe in which a State fhall be a party, the Supreme Court fhall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cafes before mentioned, the Supreme Court fhall have appellate jurisdiction both as to law and fact, with fuch exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congrefs fhall make.

III. The trial of all crimes, except in cafes of impeachment, fhall be by jury; and fuch trial fhall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not com. mitted within any State, the trial fhall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.

SECTION III.

1. Treafon against the United States fhall confift only in levy. ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No perfon fhall be convicted of treafon unless on the testimony of two witneffes to the fame overt act, or on confeffion in open court.

II, The Congrefs fhall have power to declare the punishment

of treafon; but no attainder of treafon fhall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the perfon attainted. ARTICLE IV. SECTION I.

Full faith and credit fhall be given, in each State, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congrefs may, by general laws, prefcribe the manner in which fuch acts, records, and proceedings fhall be proved, and the effect thereof.

SECTION II.

I. The citizens of each State fliall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the feveral States.

II. A perfon charged in any State with treafon, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from juftice, and be found in another State, fhall, on demand of the Executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurifdiction of the crime.

III. No perfon held to service or labour in one State, under the laws thereof, efcaping into another, fhall, in confequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from fuch fervice or labour; but fhall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom fuch fervice or labour may be due.

1. New States may be admitted by the Congrefs into this union; but no new State fhall be formed or erected within the jurifdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the confent of the Legiflatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congrefs.

II. The Congrefs fhall have power to difpofe of and make all needful rules and regulations refpecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States and nothing in this Conftitution fhall be fo conftrued as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

SECTION IV.

The United States fhall guaranty to every State in this Union, a republican form of government; and fhall protect each of them against invafion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legiflature cannot be convened) against do meftic violence.

ARTICLE V.

The Congrefs, whenever two thirds of both Houfes fhall deem it neceflary, fhall propofe amendments to this Conftitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the feveral States, fhall call a Convention for propofing amendments, which, in either cafe, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Conftitution, when ratified by the Legiflatures of three fourths of the feveral States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congrefs; provided hat no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, fhall in any

manner

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manner affect the First and Fourth Claufes in the Ninth Section of the First Article: and that no State, without its confent, fhall be deprived of its equal fuffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

I. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Conftitution, fhall be as valid against the United States, under this Conftitution, as under the Confederation.

II. This Conftitution, and the laws of the United States which fhall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which fhall be made, under the authority of the United States, fhall be the fupreme law of the land; and the Judges, in every State, shall be bound thereby; any thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.

III. The Senators and Reprefentatives before mentioned, and the members of the feveral State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the feveral States, fhall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to fupport this Conftitution; but no religious teft fhall ever be required as a qualifi cation to any office or public truft under the United States.

ARTICLE VII.

The ratification of the Conventions of nine States fhall be fufficient for the establishment of this Conftitution between the States fo ratifying the fame.

Congress of the United States,

Begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday, the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine. The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Conftitution, expreffed a defire, in order to prevent mifconftruction or abufe of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive claufes fhould be added; and as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government will beft enfure the beneficent ends of its institution;

Refolved, by the Senate and Houfe of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress affembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the feveral States, as amendments to the Conftitution of the United States; all or any of which articles, when ratified by three fourths of the faid Legiflatures, to be valid, to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz.

Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United States of America, propofed by Congrefs, and ratified by the Legislatures of the feveral States, purluant to the Fifth Article of the original Conftitution.

I. After the firft enumeration, required by the Fifth Article of the Conftitution, there fhall be one Reprefentative for every thirty thousand, until the number fhall amount to one hundred; after which the proportion fhall be fo regulated by Congress that there

fhall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thoufand perfons, until the number of Reprefentatives fhall amount to two hundred; after which, the proportion fhall be fo regulated by Congress, that there fhall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand perfons.

II. No law, varying the compenfation for the fervices of the Senators and Reprefentatives, fhall take effect, until an election of Representatives fhall have intervened.

III. Congrefs fhall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercife thereof; or abridging the freedom of fpeech, or of the prefs; or the right of the people peaceably to affemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

IV. A well-regulated militia being neceffary to the fecurity of a free ftate, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

V. No foldier fhall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the confent of the owner; nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

VI. The right of the people to be fecure in their perfons, houses, papers, and effects, againft unreasonable searches and feizures, hall not be violated; and no warrants fhall iffue, but upon probable caufe, fupported by oath or affirmation, and particularly defcribing the place to be fearched, and the perfons or things to be feized.

VII. No perfon fhall be held to answer for a capital or other. wife infamous crime, unless on a prefentment or indictment by a grand jury, except in cafes arifing in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual fervice, in time of war, or public danger; nor fhall any person be subject, for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor fhall be compelled, in any criminal cafe, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due procefs of law : nor fhall private property be taken for public ufe without just compensation.

VIII. In all criminal profecutions the accufed fhall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury, of the State and diftrict wherein the crime fhall have been committed, which diftrict fhall have been previously afcertained by law; and to be informed of the nature and caufe of the accufation; to be confronted with thewitneffes against him; to have compulfatory procefs for obtaining witneffes in his favour; and to have the affiftance of counfel for his defence.

IX. In fuits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury fhall be preferved; and no fact tried by a jury fhall be otherwife re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of common law.