to adjust by diplomacy, which have not been adjusted as a result of reference to an appropriate commission of conciliation, and which are justiciable in their nature by reason of being susceptible of decision by the application of the principles of law or equity, shall be submitted to the Permanent Court of Arbitration established at The Hague by the Convention of October 18, 1907,1 or to some other competent tribunal, as shall be decided in each case by special agreement, which special argreement shall provide for the organization of such tribunal if necessary, define its powers, state the question or questions at issue, and settle the terms of reference. The special agreement in each case shall be made on the part of the United States of America by the President of the United States of America by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and on the part of Finland in accordance with its constitutional laws. ARTICLE II The provisions of this treaty shall not be invoked in respect of any dispute the subject matter of which (a) is within the domestic jurisdiction of either of the High Contracting Parties, (b) involves the interests of third Parties, (c) depends upon or involves the maintenance of the traditional attitude of the United States concerning American questions, commonly described as the Monroe Doctrine, (d) depends upon or involves the observance of the obligations of Finland in accordance with the Covenant of the League of Nations. ARTICLE III The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States of America by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof and by Finland in accordance with its constitutional laws. The ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible, and the treaty shall take effect on the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It shall thereafter remain in force continuously unless and until terminated by one year's written notice given by either High Contracting Party to the other. In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty in duplicate in the English language, and hereunto affix their seals. Done at Washington the seventh day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight. FRANK B. KELLOGG [SEAL] [SEAL] 1 CONCILIATION Treaty signed at Washington June 7, 1928 Ratified by Finland November 9, 1928 Senate advice and consent to ratification December 20, 1928 Proclaimed by the President of the United States January 14, 1929 45 Stat. 2726; Treaty Series 769 The President of the United States of America and the President of the Republic of Finland, being desirous to strengthen the bonds of amity that bind them together and also to advance the cause of general peace, have resolved to enter into a treaty for that purpose, and to that end have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries: The President of the United States of America, Mr. Frank B. Kellogg, Secretary of State of the United States; The President of the Republic of Finland, Mr. L. Aström, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Finland to the United States of America; Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found to be in proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles: ARTICLE I Any disputes arising between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Finland, of whatever nature they may be, shall, when ordinary diplomatic proceedings have failed and the High Contracting Parties do not have recourse to adjudication by a competent tribunal, be submitted for investigation and report to a permanent International Commission constituted in the manner prescribed in the next succeeding Article; and they agree not to declare war or begin hostilities during such investigation and before the report is submitted. ARTICLE II The International Commission shall be composed of five members, to be appointed as follows: One member shall be chosen from each country, by the Government thereof; one member shall be chosen by each Government from some third country; the fifth member shall be chosen by common agreement between the two Governments, it being understood that he shall not be a citizen of either country. The expenses of the Commission shall be paid by the two Governments in equal proportions. The International Commission shall be appointed within six months after the exchange of ratifications of this treaty; and vacancies shall be filled according to the manner of the original appointment. ARTICLE III In case the High Contracting Parties shall have failed to adjust a dispute by diplomatic methods, and they do not have recourse to adjudication by a competent tribunal, they shall at once refer it to the International Commission for investigation and report. The International Commission may, however, spontaneously by unanimous agreement offer its services to that effect, and in such case it shall notify both Governments and request their cooperation in the investigation. The High Contracting Parties agree to furnish the Permanent International Commission with all the means and facilities required for its investigation and report. The report of the Commission shall be completed within one year after the date on which it shall declare its investigation to have begun, unless the High Contracting Parties shall limit or extend the time by mutual agreement. The report shall be prepared in triplicate; one copy shall be presented to each Government, and the third retained by the Commission for its files. The High Contracting Parties reserve the right to act independently on the subject matter of the dispute after the report of the Commission shall have been submitted. ARTICLE IV The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States of America by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by Finland in accordance with its constitutional laws. The ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible, and the treaty shall take effect on the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It shall thereafter remain in force continuously unless and until terminated by one year's written notice given by either High Contracting Party to the other. In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty in duplicate in the English language, and hereunto affix their seals. Done at Washington the seventh day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight. FRANK B. KELLOGG [SEAL] DEBT FUNDING Agreement signed at Washington May 23, 1932, modifying agreement of May 1, 1923 Operative from July 1, 1931 AGREEMENT Treasury Department print Made the 23rd day of May, 1932, at the City of Washington, District of Columbia, between the Government of the Republic of Finland, hereinafter called Finland, party of the first part, and the Government of the United States of America, hereinafter called the United States, party of the second part. WHEREAS, under the terms of the debt funding agreement between Finland and the United States, dated May 1, 1923,1 there is payable by Finland to the United States during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1931 and ending June 30, 1932, in respect of the bonded indebtedness of Finland to the United States, the aggregate amount of $312,295, including principal and interest; and WHEREAS, a Joint Resolution of the Congress of the United States, approved December 23, 1931,2 authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President, to make on behalf of the United States an agreement with Finland on the terms hereinafter set forth, to postpone the payment of the amount payable by Finland to the United States during such year in respect of its bonded indebtedness to the United States; Now, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and of the mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed as follows: 1. Payment of the amount of $312,295, payable by Finland to the United States during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1931 and ending June 30, 1932, in respect of the bonded indebtedness of Finland to the United States, according to the terms of the agreement of May 1, 1923, above mentioned, is hereby postponed so that such amount, together with interest thereon at the rate of 4 per centum per annum from July 1, 1933, shall be paid by Finland to the United States in ten equal annuities of $38,061.00 each, payable in equal semiannual installments on December |