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To raise and fupport armies; but no appropriation of money for that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

To provide and maintain a navy;

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

To provide for the calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, fupprefs infurrections, and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and difciplining the militia; and for governing fuch part of them as may be employed in the fervice of the United States, referving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the difcipline prefcribed by congrefs;

To exercife exclufive legiflation in all cafes whatfoever, over fuch diftrict, not exceeding ten miles fquare, as may by ceffion of particular states, and the acceptance of congrefs, become the feat of government of the United States; and to exercife like authority over all places purchased by the confent of the legislature of the state in which the fame fhall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arfenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings and to make all laws which fhall be neceffary to carry into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vefted by this conftitution

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ftitution in the government of the United States, or in any department thereof.

Sect. 9th. The migration or importation of such perfons, as any of the ftates now existing shall think proper to admit, fhall not be prohibited by the congrefs: prior to the year 1808; but a tax or duty may be impofed on fuch importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each perfon.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus fhall not be fufpended, unlefs in cafes of rebellion or invasion, or when the public fafety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex poft facto law fhall be paffed.

No capitation or other direct tax fhall be laid, unless in proportion to the cenfus or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No tax or duty fhall be laid on articles exported from any ftate. No preference fhall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor fhall veffels bound to or from one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

No money fhall be drawn from the treasury, but in confequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

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United States; and no perfon holding any office of profit or truft under them fhall, without the confent of congrefs, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign ftate.

Sect. 10th. No ftate fhall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprifal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and filver coin a tender in payment of debts; pafs any bill of attainder, ex poft facto law, or law impairing the obligations of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

No ftate fhall, without the confent of congrefs, lay any impofts or duties' on imports or exports, except what may be abfolutely neceffary for executing its infpection laws; and the net produce of all duties and impofts, laid by any ftate on imports or exports, fhall be for the use of the treafury of the United States; and all fuch laws fhall be fubject to the revifion and controul of the congrefs. No ftate fhall, without the confent of congrefs, lay duty on tonnage; keep troops, or fhips of war, in time of peace; enter into any engagement or compact with another ftate, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in fuch imminent danger as will not admit delay.

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ARTICLE II.

Sect. 1ft. The executive power shall be vested in a prefident of the United States of America: he fhall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the vice-president chofen for the fame term, be elected as follows.

Each state shall appoint, in fuch manner as the legiflature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of fenators and reprefentatives to which the state may be intitled in the congrefs: but no fenator or representative, or perfon holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, fhall be appointed elector.

The electors fhall meet in their respective ftates, and vote by ballot two perfons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the fame ftate with themfelves. And they fhall make a lift of all perfons voted for, and the number of votes for each; which lift they fhall fign, certify, and tranfmit, fealed, to the feat of government of the United States, directed to the prefident of the Senate. The president of the senate fhall, in the presence of the fenate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes fhall then be counted.

The perfon having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such a number be a ma

jority of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have fuch majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of reprefentatives fhall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for prefident; and if no perfon have a majority then from the five highest on the list, the faid houfe fhall, in the like manner, choose the prefident. But in choosing the prefident the votes fhall be taken by states, the reprefentations from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpofe fhall confift of a member or members from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every cafe, after the choice of the prefident, the perfon having the greatest number of votes of the electors fhall be the vice-prefident. But if there fhould remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the vice-prefident.

The congrefs may determine the time of choofing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day fhall be the fame throughout the United States.

No perfon except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this conftitution, shall be eligible to the office of prefident; neither shall any perfon be eligible to that office who fhall not have at

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