RESEARCHES RELATING TO THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF CHOLERA. BY T. LAUDER BRUNTON, M.D., F.R.S., AND P. H. PYE-SMITH, M.D. (Continued from p. 437, vol. xxxiii.) Experiment 32.-Tannin. 2 c. c. of a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate containing 5 grains of tannin were injected into the middle loop. On examination, Middle loop contained 7 c. c. thick fluid with a granular no mucus. After filtration sediment; = 6 c. c. The fluid gave an abundant precipitate with HNOMucous membrane :— Middle loop slightly injected, with extensive submucous extravasation. Experiment 33.-Sulphate of zinc. 2 c. c. saturated solution of magnesium sulphate with 1 grain of zinc sulphate were injected into the middle loop. On examination, Middle loop contained 8 c. c. clear fluid; no mucus. It gave an abundant precipitate with HNO3. Experiment 34.-Chloral hydrate. 2 c. c. of a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate were injected into the middle loop, and after closure of the abdominal wound 15 grains (1 gramme) of chloral in 2 c. c. of water were injected subcutaneously. The cat weighed 43 lbs. On examination, Middle loop contained 131 c. c. of clear fluid with lumps of gelatinous mucus. Middle loop pale, oedematous, covered with soft gelatinous Experiment 35.-Chloral hydrate. 2 c. c. saturated solution of magnesium sulphate were injected into the middle loop, and as soon as the abdominal wound had been closed, 3 grains of hydrate of chloral in 30 minims of water were injected subcutaneously into the flank of the animal. It weighed 31 lbs. On examination, Middle loop contained 11 c. c. of clear fluid, with flakes of mucus. Middle loop moderately injected and covered with mucus. Experiment 36.—Acetate of morphia. 2 c. c. of a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate were injected into the middle loop, and immediately after closure of the abdominal wound 1 THE PRACTITIONER Vol. XXXIV. No. 2. H grain of acetate of morphia in 2 c.c. of water was injected subcutaneously into the flank of the cat, which weighed 5 lbs. On examination, Middle loop contained 105 c. c. of turbid fluid, tinged with blood. Upper a large tapeworm. Lower Mucous membrane : Middle loop pale, covered with thin gelatinous mucus. TABLE II. Exhibiting the Results of the Second Series of Subcutaneous injection of chloral, with injection of 2·5 c.c. magnesium Experiment 37.-Effect of ligature of the mesenteric veins. Three loops of intestine were isolated as usual, but nothing was injected into any of them. The veins passing along the mesentery from the middle loop were carefully isolated and ligatured. On examination, Middle loop contained 6.5 c. c. of coagulated blood. Mucous membrane and all the coats of the middle loop were intensely congested, the mucous membrane being more so than the other coats. There was very little mucus upon it. Three Experiment 38.-Division of the mesenteric nerves. loops were isolated as usual. Nothing was injected, but the nerves passing along the mesentery to the middle one were carefully sought for and divided. No microscopic examination was made afterwards, however, and it is therefore uncertain whether all the filaments were divided or not. The animal weighed 5 lbs. Experiment 38 a.-This experiment was repeated on another animal with a similar result. Experiment 38 b.-Division of the mesenteric nerves. Three loops of intestine were isolated by ligatures. In one of them the vessels were carefully isolated, and the nerves and remaining structures in the mesentery connected with the loop were divided. On examination, Operated loop contained 15 c. c. of fluid. Mucous membrane : Operated loop somewhat congested. The loops Experiment 39.-Division of both splanchnics. were isolated as usual; nothing was injected into any, but both splanchnic nerves were cut. The animal weighed 51⁄2 lbs. On examination, about four hours after the operation, Experiment 40.-Extirpation of the upper two-thirds of right semilunar ganglion. Division of the right greater splanchnić. On examination, Lower part of ileum closely contracted. The loop of ileum 10 centims. long, which had been isolated, was empty. The part of intestine above the loop was full. Experiment 41.-Excision of lower two-thirds of right semilunar ganglion. Splanchnics not divided. One loop of intestine was isolated. On examination the intestines were found much contracted. Their diameter was only about half their normal one, and they were also contracted in the direction of their length. The loop, originally 10 centims., had contracted to 5 centims. The whole intestine was empty. Experiment 42.-Extirpation (complete) of right semilunar ganglion. In this operation the receptaculum chyli was wounded. The great splanchnic of the right side was divided in removing the ganglion; the lesser splanchnics were unhurt. The animal was in full digestion, and the lacteals and receptaculum were full of milky chyle. The cat was killed about four hours afterwards by a blow on the head. On examination the whole intestine was normal as regards vascularity and contraction. One loop of intestine (10 centims. long) had been isolated by |