her husband.

And the value of Aquittain is here enhanced as being fit for a queen.

Coke, Litt. 31.

King John is made to say, to Phillip, of France: "If that the Dauphin there, thy princely son, Can in this book of beauty read, I love, Her dowry shall weigh equal with a queen." (Act II, Scene I.)

As an apt illustration of the frequency with which legal terms are correctly used by the Poet, when the necessity therefor occurs, note the following references to dowry, in Taming Of The Shrew: "Gre. I had as lief take her dowry, with this condition-to be whipped at the high-cross every morning." (Act I, Scene I.)

"Hor. Here is a gentleman, whom by chance I met, upon agreement from us to his liking, will undertake to woo curst Katharine; yea, and to marry her, if her dowry please." (Act I, Scene II.)

"Pet. Then tell me if I get your daughter's love, What dowry shall I have, with her to wife?"

"Bap. After my death, the one-half of my lands; and, in possession, twenty thousand crowns."

"Pet. And, for that dowry, I'll assure her of her widow-hood." (Act II, Scene I.)

"Pet. Your father hath consented that you shall be my wife; your dowry 'greed on; and will you, nill you, I will marry you." (Act II, Scene I.)

"Bap. And he, of both, that can assure my daughter greatest dower, shall have Bianca's love." (Act II, Scene I.)

"Tra. My father is here looked for every day, To pass assurance of a dower in marriage." (Act IV, Scene II.)

"Bap. And, therefore, if you say no more than this, That like a father you will deal with him, And pass my daughter a sufficient dower, The match is fully made, and all is done." (Act IV, Scene I.)

"Pet. Wonder not, nor be not grieved; she is of good esteem, Her dowry wealthy and of worthy birth." (Act IV, Scene I.)

"Bap. I will add unto their losses, twenty thousand crowns; Another dowry to another daughter, for she is changed as she had never been." (Act V, Scene II.)

In King John, the Earl of Pembroke said to Lord Salisbury: "Stay let, Lord Salisbury, I'll go with thee, And find the inheri

tance of this poor child, His little kingdom of a forced grave." (Act IV, Scene II.)

The Archbishop of Canterbury, in Henry V, said to the King: "Cant. . . in the book of Numbers is it writ-When the son dies, let the inheritance descend unto the daughter." Scene II.)

(Act I,

Gloster, speaking of the offer of his daughter to the king, by the Earl of Armagnac, in 1' Henry VI, said: "Glo. Proffers his only daughter to your grace, in marriage, with a large and sumptuous dowry." Her beauty and the value of her dower, He doth intend she shall be England's queen." (Act V, Scene I.)

Contesting for the several hands of their favorites for the King, Exeter and Suffolk, in 1' Henry VI, said: "Exe. Besides, his wealth does warrant liberal dower; While Reignier sooner will receive, than give. Suff. A dower, my lords; disgrace not so your king, That he should be so abject, base and poor, To choose for wealth and not for perfect love." (Act V, Scene V.)

In 2' Henry VI, the peasant, Iden, said: "Iden. This small inheritance, my father left me, Contenteth me and is worth a monarchy." (Act IV, Scene V.)

In 3' Henry VI, York asserts title to the crown, in the following language: "York. "Twas my inheritance as the earldom was." (Act I, Scene I.)

The Senators urge Alcibiades to show mercy and deny that crimes are hereditary, in Timon of Athens:

For those that were, it is not square to take,

On those that are, revenge: crimes, like lands,
Are not inherited."

(Act V, Scene V.)

Lear asks the duke of Burgundy: "What, in the least, Will you require in present dower with her, Or cease your quest of love," in discarding his daughter, Cordelia. (Act I, Scene I.)

King Lear before division of his property among his daughters said: "Lear. We have this hour a constant will to publish, Our daughters several dowers, that future strife may be prevented now." (Act I, Scene I.)

And to Cordelia, he decrees: "Thy truth, then, be thy dower." idem.

Cleon tells the Lord, in Pericles, Prince of Tyre, that

"One sorrow never comes, but brings an heir,

That may succeed as an inheritor."

(Act I, Scene IV.)

"Prin. In that behalf, bold of your worthiness, we single

you,

As our best moving, fair solicitor:

Tell him, the daughter of the king of France,
On serious business, craving quick dispatch,
Importunes personal conference with his grace;
Haste, signify so much; while we attend
Like humble visaged suitors, his high will."1

The audience was thus sought by means of a solicitor. A solicitor is a person whose business it is to be employed in the care and management of law suits and especially those pending in the English court of chancery. The solicitor, like the attorney, is required to act with perfect good faith, toward his client, or the suitor that he represents. Here, the Princess not only adopted the solicitor to state the necessity for her audience, but adopted the attitude of her solicitor's client, in that she and her associates, "like humble visaged suitors," would await his will. A suitor, of course, is one who is a party to a lawsuit;3 the character of waiting, with an humble visage, denotes the keen perception of the lawyer, used to seeing clients waiting upon the pleasure of the court, for no doubt, at Westminster, many such could be seen, in the Poet's day.* Sec. 68. Surety.

"King.

Madam, your father here doth intimate, The payment of a hundred thousand crowns;

'Love's Labour's Lost, Act II, Scene I.

2 Bouvier's Law Dictionary.

Bouvier's Law Dictionary.

II Reeve's Hist. Eng. Law, 401, et sub.

To follow out the reference of the Princess' attitude to a suitor, in a court, when the king arrives, she said: "Vouchsafe to read the purpose of my coming, and suddenly resolve me in my suit." (Love's Labour's Lost, Act II, Scene II.)

Desdemona tells Cassio, in Othello, the Moor of Venice: "Therefore, be merry, Cassio; For thy solicitor shall rather die, Than give thy cause away." (Act III, Scene III.)

Being but the one-half of an entire sum,
Disbursed by my father in his wars.

But say, that he, or we, (as neither have)
Received that sum; yet there remains unpaid,
A hundred thousand more; in surety of the which,
One part of Aquittain is bound to us,

Although not valued to the money's worth."

The idea that the country of Aquittain could be bound to the King of Navarre, as a "surety," is not, speaking in strictly legal parlance, a proper term, but the sense of the suretyship here spoken of is that the country was held to indemnify the King of Navarre against loss on the debt referred to. A surety is usually a person who binds himself to the payment of a certain sum of money, or for the performance of something else, for another, who is already bound therefor. The meaning here, of course is, that in lieu of other indemnity, the title of the King of France, to Aquittain, was held to guarantee the King of Navarre against loss on the debt referred to.

1 Love's Labour's Lost, Act II, Scene I.

2 Bouvier's Law Dictionary.

At the death of King John, Prince Henry said:
"Even so must I run on and even so stop.
What surety of the world, what hope, what stay,
When this was now a king, and now is clay."

(Act V, Scene VII.)

In King Richard II, Bolingbroke, after his coronation, thus addresses his Lords:

"Boling. Lords, you that are here under our arrest,

Procure your sureties for your days of answer."

(Act IV, Scene I.)

In 2' Henry IV, Lord Mowbray said, to Earl of Northumberland:

"Mow... The gentle archbishop of York is up,

With well-appointed powers; he is a man,
Who with a double surety binds his followers."

(Act I, Scene 1.)

In 2' Henry VI, Queen Margaret thus addresses York: "Q. Mar. Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain, to say, if that the

"King. But that, it seems, he little purposeth,
For here he doth demand to have repaid,

A hundred thousand crowns; and not demands,
On payment of a hundred thousand crowns,
To have his title live in Aquittain."

A title is defined as the means whereby the owner of land hath the just possession of his property." A title enables a man, by right, to assert a property or ownership to land or other kind of property and to recover the possession thereof, if not in possession. The King of France, having pledged the title that he had to Aquittain, here offered on payment of the certain sum remaining unpaid, to accept a full release and be restored to his title. If this offer was not accepted, he would assert his title, in any event.

bastard boys of York, Shall be the surety for their traitor father." (Act V, Scene I.)

The following occurs between Aenas and Agamemnon, in Troilus and Cressida:

"Aena. May one, that is a herald and a prince, Do a fair message to his kingly ears?

Agam. With surety stronger than Achilles arm, 'Fore all the Greekish heads, Which, with one voice, call Agamemnon head and general." (Act I, Scene II.)

On the arrest of Coriolanus, Senators and Patricians, stand surety for him as follows: "Sen. & Pat. We'll surety him."

(Act III, Scene I.)

Iago tells Roderigo, in Othello: "Iago. I know not if't be true,

But I, for mere suspicion in that kind,
Will do, as if for surety."

(Act I, Scene III.)

Referring to his friend's love, in the CXXXIV' Sonnet, the Poet said:

"He learned but surety-like to write for me,

Under that bond that him as fast doth bind." (7, 8.)

'Love's Labour's Lost, Act II, Scene I.

2 Coke, Litt. 345; 2 Bl. Comm. 195.

Ante idem.