THE CITIES.

From a close examination of the figures for 1909 and 1910, it is interesting to note that, notwithstanding the fact that not all of the establishments could be included in the canvass of the latter year, the value of product as returned in 1910 in 21 of the 33 cities shows an advance over the figures for 1909, and though the gains are not in any case extraordinary, there is ample evidence of improvement over the conditions of the previous year. The cities showing increase in product value in 1910 over the figures for the census year are: Brockton, Cambridge, Chelsea, Chicopee, Everett, Fitchburg, Haverhill, Holyoke, Melrose, New Bedford, Newburyport, Northampton, Pittsfield, Quincy, Salem, Somerville, Springfield, Taunton, Waltham, Woburn, and Worcester. Besides Boston, there were twelve cities which, in 1910, had a product value of upwards of $30,000,000. They are, in the order named, Worcester, Lynn, Lawrence, Fall River, Lowell, New Bedford, Brockton, Cambridge, Holyoke, Somerville. Haverhill, and Springfield.

The total value of product in 5,744 establishments located in the cities in 1910 was $1,054,354,696, as against $111,394,614 in 2,195 establishments reporting for the towns, the percentages of the total product being 72 and 28. respectively.

Boston, holding eighth place in rank among the manufacturing centers of the United States, has a product value nearly three times as great as any other city in the State. Exclusive of the gas industry and newspaper publishing and printing, which were not canvassed in 1910, her product value for that year amounted to $200,319,421 for the 1.809 establishments of the industries making returns. As shown by the Census of 1909, when the total value of goods made was upwards of $237,000,000,- printing and publishing was the most important single industry, so that there is no real falling off in value, and, as a matter of fact, a comparison of the returns of identical establishments reporting for both 1909 and 1910 shows a gain over the former year of about four (3.9) per

cent. The statement seems justified, therefore, that had a complete census been taken for 1910, the product value of Boston manufactures would be shown to be nearly a quarter of a billion.

The industries of Boston are of a varied character. The product of her shoe factories in 1910 was $8,298,025; Clothing, men's and women's, $21,297,978; Confectionery, $11,852,629; Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, $3,361,696; Foundry and machine shop products, $7,640,842; Hosiery and knit goods, $1,295,135; Malt liquors, $7,981,005; Steam fittings and heating apparatus, $3,519,171; and Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes, $5,749,363. All of these industries, except Men's clothing and Foundry and machine shop products, exhibit increase in value of product over the figures shown for the census.

The boot and shoe cities, Lynn and Brockton held, respectively, first and second rank among the shoe manufacturing centers of the United States in 1909. In 1910, however, the value of the boots and shoes manufactured in Lynn declined, - from $34,620,870 to $33,507,221. Brockton, on the other hand, increased the value of her output in boots and shoes from $32,464,288 to $34,781,880, and again assumed first place in the industry. Haverhill, third in importance in Massachusetts in the production of shoes and fourth in the United States. St. Louis, Mo., ranking third, also exhibits gain in value of product over 1909 both in Boots and Shoes and in the auxiliary industries, Boot and Shoe cut stock and findings.

In Fall River and New Bedford, where the manufacture of cotton goods predominates, there were gains in this industry in but value of product in 1910 as compared with the census year, in Lowell the value of cotton goods declined slightly, the decrease, however, amounting to less than two per cent as compared with 1909.

In Lawrence, the first city in importance in the United States in the manufacture of worsted goods, a marked decline in the value of product is shown for 1910 as compared with 1909, the total for the industry falling from $56,206,736 to $45,319,416. These figures are directly comparable with those

of the Census, since reports were received in both years from all the mills operated. This city, which ranked next to Boston in the Census of 1909 in total value of product, dropped to fourth place in 1910. There are, of course, other important industries, such as the manufacture of cotton goods, foundry and machine shop products, paper goods, and dyeing and finishing textiles, but though there were gains in these industries, they did not offset the loss in Worsted goods.

The city of Worcester exhibits an appreciable gain in her most important industry, Foundry and machine shop products, from $11,000,988 in 1909 to $13.107,087 in 1910, and an advance also in the output of her shoe factories.

The city of Holyoke shows a gain in the industry in which she stands prominently before the country, namely, the manufacture of paper, and there was also expansion in the output of her textile mills, the total for the city being greater than that shown for the census. or $43,056,941 as against $10,097.224 in 1909.

METROPOLITAN BOSTON.

On pages 34-39 is given a detailed presentation of industries for Metropolitan Boston, and on pages 40-41 will be found the totals for all industries for the individual cities and towns. comprising the district. The aggregates for the district are as follows:

As already explained, the apparent decrease in the totals for 1910 when compared with the returns of 1909, the census year, is not indicative of an actual decline, since two relatively large industries, gas and printing, — and a number of smaller establishments in the industries canvassed in the census year, were omitted in the canvass for 1910; notwithstanding this fact, numerous individual cities and industries

in the district show an absolute increase in product value over the figures for the census year.

The most important single industry in this area, measured by value of product, was Boots and shoes, the total output of 152 establishments being $58,351,500 as against $57,890,537 in 1909, and with upwards of $26,000,000 in the two auxiliary industries, Boot and shoe cut stock and findings, the total for the three industries was $84,589,863. Other important industries are: Slaughtering and meat packing, with product of $34,079,695 in 1910; Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies, $22,026,820; rubber boots and shoes, $20,264,612; Foundry and machine shop products, $19,521,945; and Leather, tanned, curried, and finished, $15,260,412.

THE TOWNS.

The table on pages 42-49 presents the totals for 116 towns of the State having three or more manufacturing establishments. The towns which have attained prominence as manufacturing centers are: Attleborough and North Attleborough, distinguished for the manufacture of jewelry, with product values of $15,711,050 and $7,071,213, respectively; Peabody, which holds first place in the State for the manufacture of Leather, tanned, curried, and finished, $14,193,737; Clinton, Easthampton, and Plymouth, textile centers, with product values of $7,781,713, $8,804,403, and $10,750,242, respectively; Leominster, associated with the manufacture of combs, $10,735,776; Hyde Park,1 noted for machine shop products, $8,115,521; Weymouth and Watertown, for the manufacture of boots and shoes leather and rubber, -$7,042,207 and $14,358,472, respectively; and Westfield, for the manufacture of whips, $8,381,270.

CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP AND VALUE ADDED BY MANU

FACTURE.

Table II, pages 50-53, presents, by character of ownership for 20 selected industries of the State, the value of product, and the value added by manufacture, together with the average

1 Hyde Park was annexed to Boston, January 1, 1912, but since it did not lose its identity as a town until that date, it is classified as such in this report.