M. Bartholdi, Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, Admiral Jaures and Gen. Pelissier, representing the French Senate; M. Spuller and M. Desmons, respresenting the French Chamber of Deputies; M. Deschamps, Vice President of the Municipal Council of Paris; M. Napoleon Ney and representatives of the French Ministers of Marine, War, Commerce and Public Instruction, of the Paris Chamber of Commerce and of the French press.

A great procession, in which soldiers, firemen, the Grand Army of the Republic, French societies and many civic bodies joined, marched through the chief streets and viewed a naval review in the harbor.

Following are the principal dimensions of the statue:

Liberty's New Light.

When the Statue of Liberty was dedicated in 1886, Col. John Mills, U. S. A., then a First Lieutenant of Engineers, who had charge of the lighting of the torch, suggested to Bartholdi the idea of more effective lighting by projected or "flood" light. Bartholdi heartily approved the idea, but the science of electric lighting was not then sufficiently developed to make it practicable to carry out the suggestion. In May, 1916, the New York World started a popular subscription to provide for a new illumination plant, and on May 23, Senator James P. Clarke of Arkansas and Representative Michael F. Farley of New York introduced in Congress an amendment to the Rivers and Harbors Bill authorizing the War Department to accept and to maintain after acceptance the permanent flood lighting plant which was to be installed with money given by the people of the country.

The funds being assured, the physical work of preparation for the new illumination was undertaken. It included two principal features a reconstruction of the torch so that it should present a more realistic appearance; and the installation of powerful reflectors for flooding the exterior of the statue with light. Mr. H. Herbert Magdsick had charge of the electrical engineering problem; Mr. R. F. Garbutt had charge of the work of electrical designing and construction; and Mr. Gutzon Borglum, the sculp tor, supervised the remodelling of the torch. In the latter branch of the work, Mr. Edgar H, Bostock, a glazing expert, was consulted.

The remodelling of the torch was an ingenious piece of work. A superimposed steel framing which, although supporting the range light in the torch, somewhat distorted the classic contour of the bronze-imitation flame, was removed. In its place sheet bronze was used to redesign the torch so that a bronze flame of the shape and size originally intended by Bartholdi might be had.

When the restored torch flame was completed all the bronze plates were cut out, leaving, as a skeleton, riveted lines about an inch in width. These plates were then used to construct moulds upon which pieces of glass were bent. The pieces of glass, when fitted into place, substituted for the bronze torch a glass torch held together by the same riveted lines.

For these pieces three tons of yellow cathedral glass were used. A dull surface was preferred to avoid the blinding noon-day glare of a rich reflective surface. The lightest tint was used to simulate the tip of the flame, with slightly darker pieces inserted here and there down to the base of the flame, where the darkest of the tints define the lines of the bronze of the torch against the glass of the flame.

To mould 600 pieces of glass, each piece being bent to an individual template, was a task calling for minute exactness, for each template had to be made so perfect that the complete glass substitution would be water tight. The 600 pieces of glass average about one foot square, making a complete glass area in the torch of some 600 square feet.

The glass is now so fixed to the ribs that any section may be replaced at any time from the inside. Spring clips and nonhardening putty, separating the glass on the brass bolts which hold the plates to the ribs, provide a resiliency which practically insures the glass torch flame against breakage. Neither snow, ice, rain nor heat will impair this glazing.

Inside the torch is the lighthouse lens installed at a cost of $450. It is known as a fifth order light house lens, 91⁄2 inches in diameter and fifteen inches deep. The lens is supported at a height so that the light spills out in lines parallel with the height of the glass of the torch. The light has about 20,000 candle power

To put a quiver into the simulated flame of the burning torch, about fifteen 500-candle-power gas-filled electric lamps were placed upon a series of flashers. The flasher is not set to certain revolutions, the experts preferring to allow it to carry out the unsteady but constant flicker and blaze of the flaming torch.

Thus a variable light like that of a flame and a steady light by means of the lens are obtained together. The two forms of light simulate exactly the flicker and the constant glow of the burning torch.

The sources of the flood lights are fifteen batteries of projectors. Eleven of these batteries are located upon the eleven salients of the old fort, known as Fort Wood, upon which the base of the statue was built. Three batteries are located upon the roofs of small buildings on the island. The other battery is upon the balconies of Liberty's arm, just below the torch.

The total number of projectors is 246, each being 250 watts. The lamps are thirty-five volt lamps, each of the 246 projectors having its individual compensator to step down the 220 volt current to the lamp voltage. The projectors and compensators are mounted on specially designed pipe framed circuits, individually designed for the different locations.

The Public Service Corporation of New Jersey supplies the 2,200-volt two-phase current from its Marion Station through its Garfield Avenue sub-station. The current is carried by submarine cables under the channel between New Jersey and Bedloe's Island up to the old Government power house upon the Island.

In the power house this current is stepped down to 220 volts, and then carried through underground cables to the base of the statue and from there through suitable manholes and junction boxes is distributed by circuits to the various salients of the Fort and to the other fifteen projector batteries.

The New Illumination Inaugurated

The new illumination of the Statue of Liberty was inaugurated with spectacular ceremonies on the evening of Saturday, December 2, 1916. President Wilson arrived at the Pennsylvania railroad station at 3:18 p. m. With him were Hon. Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy; Hon. Wm. C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce; His Excellency Jules J. Jusserand, the French Ambassador; and others. They were greeted by Mayor Mitchel and a reception committee which included his Secretary, Mr. Theodore Rousseau, Senator-elect William L. Calder, Col. E. M. House, Mr. Cleveland H. Dodge, Dock Commissioner R. A. C. Smith, Hon. Lamar Hardy, Mr. Ralph Pulitzer and Hon. William Edwards.

The visiting guests were escorted by a procession to the landing at 80th street and Riverside Park, whence the presidential party was taken to the Mayflower and the Secretary of the Navy, the members of the Mayor's Committee, and the newspaper men to the mine-layer San Francisco. The battleships Wyoming, Kentucky and Connecticut, lying in the river, gave appropriate salutes. The Mayflower and San Francisco proceeded down stream, passed around the statue, and anchored near the island.

Not far from them were the battlesips Texas and New York, brilliant with electric lights. The shipping in the harbor was gaily decorated with flags and lights, and the great buildings on Manhattan Island were especially brilliant.

Presently, a rocket signal was fired from the President's yacht and was answered by another' from Bedloe's Island. In an instant, the statue stood revealed in a glow of radiance against the background of the night, the people on shipboard and shore sent up a cheer, and all the steam-craft in the harbor added the din of their whistles. (See plate 19.)

Among the first objects which the spectatores saw after the President gave the signal for the lighting was a sixty-foot ribbon of white held across the base of the statue and showing upon it the flags of every nation. Each flag was in silk and had been sewed upon the ribbon by the teachers and pupils of the New York State Normal School.

A moment after the statue had been illuminated, Miss Ruth Law, the aviatrix, appeared in the air in almost a literal" chariot of fire." She encircled the statue more than once, sending off enormous streamers of magnesium fire, and showing on the under side of her air-craft, in letters of light three feet wide and 28 feet long, the word L-I-B-E-R-T-Y. (See plate 20.)

Returning to land, the official party was escorted to the Waldorf-Astoria hotel where a banquet was held and speeches were delivered by President Wilson, Ambassador Jusserand, Mayor Mitchel, ex-Senator Chauncey M. Depew, Mr. Ralph Pulitzer, and others.

CATSKILL AQUEDUCT CELEBRATION

In 1917, just ten years after the ground was broken by Mayor George B. McClellan for the aqueduct by which New York City's new water supply is derived from the Catskill Mountains, the aqueduct began the operation of delivering water to the city. In order suitably to celebrate this great achievement, Mayor Mitchel appointed several hundred citizens a committee of arrangements, and formally organized them at a meeting held in the City Hall on Wednesday, January 3, 1917. At his request, the Hon. George McAneny consented to act as Chairman. Mr. Arthur