remains, in a cedar casket, copper lined.

The exterior of the steel casket adorned with silver mountings, and a gold plate engraved

U. S. GRANT.

The case containing the casket was of Bessemer steel with oval top; air, water, and burglar proof, and secured with rivets. In its original construction there was at one end of the casket an open door, which was closed when the remains were placed within. Fifty-six bolts of steel, at the time of entombment, were driven and welded while red-hot into its front wall. The steel case was eight feet long, three feet six inches high, and thirty-five inches wide, painted with waterproof paint and stained mahogany color; its gross weight, 3800 pounds.

The corner-stone of the Grant monument was laid on his seventieth birthday anniversary, April 27, 1892, by the President of the United States, Mr. Benjamin Harrison. The occasion was celebrated by a civic, military, and naval display, to do honor to the great national military chieftain and civic magistrate, and share in the erection of the grandest mausoleum ever raised by an enlightened people in the world's history. The day was declared, by the Governor of the State, a legal holiday from 12 noon, in the counties of New York, Kings, and Westchester, that the people could assist in the ceremonies.

GRANT'S TOMB.

The ground for the monument was broken April 27, 1891.

The lower portion of the architecture is Doric, the severe type of the Grecian Maine, the interior

construction of cream-white marble, with a small amount of ornamentation in black. The main edifice is a square of about one hundred

feet at the ground line, with steps and portico projection at the front. The pyramidal dome which surmounts it rises to an extreme height of one hundred and seventy feet above the ground, over three hundred feet from the water level of the Hudson River, on a high bank of which stream it stands. The dome is surrounded by a circular Ionic colonnade of twentyeight columns, each twenty-three feet in height, above which rises a stepping pyramid, forming the apex.

From the centre of the main hall floor to the dome is one hundred feet, and the outer gallery one hundred and thirty feet above the ground line. The dome interior is supported by pendentives ornamented with sculptured figure subjects, above which are thirteen openings into the inner gallery. In the panels over the openings are placed the great seals of the original thirteen States, beneath disks with the names and emblems of all the States. Facing the south near the beginning of the step-approaches is located the pedestal supporting a heroic equestrian statue of the General.

Surmounting the four central columns of the main portico it is proposed to place equestrian guardian statues.

The monument is so constructed that it presents the appearance of completeness from either of the four sides, each identical, excepting the front, which carries the portico and entrance over which is carved

LET US HAVE PEACE.

The architect, John Hemingway Duncan, was born in this country in 1854. "All in all, it is a tomb marked in modern times, Greek yet composite, colossal yet informal, like Grant's own composition."

The monument was dedicated April 27, 1897 (the General's birthday anniversary) by a civic and military display in review before the President of the United States, McKinley, at which ceremony the tomb was presented to the care of the City of New York.

The body of General Grant was transferred from the temporary vault April 17, 1897, the steel casket having been removed, and the vault immediately destroyed. The original metallic casket, of highly polished copper, containing the cedar coffin that holds his remains was ceremoniously sealed up in the sarcophagus, which had previously been placed in the crypt below the main floor, directly under the dome of the tomb.

The sarcophagus is made from one piece of Montello, Wisconsin, porphyry, of a rich dark red color, highly polished. It weighs ten tons, is ten feet four inches long, five feet six inches wide, and four feet high. On the top of the cap is engraved

ULYSSES 8. GRANT.

The pedestal consists of a dark bluish gray granite (known as the "railway") from Quincy, Massachusetts. The pedestal is square in

plan, measuring ten feet ten inches each way.

The lower course is made

in pieces with a simple scotia moulding, one foot eight inches thick. Above this is a five-inch course in pieces. Under this rest two large blocks ten feet long and five feet wide, on which rest the narrow blocks which support the sarcophagus proper and its cover. The total height above the floor of the crypt is seven and a half feet.

General Grant expressed a wish to be buried at either West Point, New York City, or Galena, Illinois. As it was his request that his wife should be buried with him, the interment could not be made at West Point. His second choice was New York, and the request regarding his wife being complied with, New York was selected by his family.

Mrs. Grant is buried within a similar sarcophagus placed beside that of her husband, bearing the name JULIA GRANT.

RUTHERFORD B. HAYES.

Buried in Oakwood Cemetery at Fremont, Ohio.

Mr. Hayes in 1892 erected a family monument consisting of a monolith of sarcophagus shape, cut from granite procured at Summerstown, Vermont, the home of his parents.

JAMES A. GARFIELD.

Buried September 26, 1881, at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio. The memorial over his remains stands on a wide stone terrace ten feet high, reached by two flights of wide-spreading stone steps. The terrace rises above the surrounding roadways from five to thirty feet, as the ground slopes away from the base of the terrace wall. The memorial is in the shape of a circular tower, and rises to an extreme height of one hundred and forty-eight feet, with a diameter of fifty feet.

The whole of the exterior of the monument is executed in Berea, Ohio, sandstone, the general surface being left rock-faced, while the dressings around the doors, windows, arcadings, roof, etc., are cut and encircled with carvings.

The tower is crowned with a conical-shaped stone roof, terminating in a large carved stone finial; the roof is built in regular courses, and the face of the stone so cut as to represent bands of sunken tile ornaments. Under the bold designed cornice of the roof is an arcade of twelve arched windows and niches; each niche contains pedestals and canopies designed to receive colossal allegorical statues of each month in the year; below this is carved a band of shields bearing the coat of arms of each of the States.

At the front base of the tower there projects to the distance of twenty feet a square porch or door to the monument. It is forty-five feet high and pierced with coupled windows on the front and sides, above which is a frieze decoration divided into five panels, containing terra-cotta basreliefs of the career of Garfield as teacher, soldier, statesman, and President (the fifth representing his body as lying in state): at the country school; as the chief of staff of General Rosecrans at the battle of Chickamauga ; as addressing an outdoor meeting and taking the oath of President of the United States. One hundred and ten figures are worked in these panels. Two turrets against the tower are used for spiral stairways to reach the balcony or porch roof. The porch interior is vaulted in stone, with a pavement of mosaic.

Through the porch in the tower is the memorial temple or shrine; over the inside of the tower doorway is seated an allegorical figure of War fully armed, also a figure representing Peace holding an olive branch, typical of the camp and court services of Garfield. Beneath this grouping is an inscription:

The mortuary is circular, and in its centre, on a marble paved dais, upon a pedestal of Italian marble, is a heroic marble figure of Garfield, representing him as just risen from his chair in Congress and about to address the House. The statue was modelled by George Doyle of New York.

Surrounding the statue are eight massive, deep-colored, double granite columns, supporting a dome twenty-two feet in diameter. Just above the columns is a rich frieze of marble mosaic, an allegorical representation of the funeral procession. Occupying the central panel is Columbia and her daughter States, in grief; to the right Law, followed by Senators and Representatives; Justice, preceding members of the Supreme Court of the United States; Concord, emblematic of sympathy of nations, indicated by Ambassadors of Europe, Orientals, Indians; symbolic group of distant States, a veteran with his aged wife delegating their son to

GARFIELD MEMORIAL.

deposit their offering; Labor, a spade and steam engine, indicative of hand and machine labor; Literature, followed by the author, teacher and pupils; War, leading types of the military and naval service in the act of lowering the American flag.

At the base of the dome, on a background of red and white stripes, is a band of wreaths conjoined, alternately immortelles and laurel (heavenly immortality and earthly glory). The number of wreaths correspond with the number of States and Territories.

The dome is entirely inlaid with Venetian mosaic, and winged figures