Ireland: Social, Political, and ReligiousHarvard University Press, 17 Mar 2006 - 419 halaman Paralleling his friend Alexis de Tocqueville's visit to America, Gustave de Beaumont traveled through Ireland in the mid-1830s to observe its people and society. In Ireland, he chronicles the history of the Irish and offers up a national portrait on the eve of the Great Famine. Published to acclaim in France, Ireland remained in print there until 1914. The English edition, translated by William Cooke Taylor and published in 1839, was not reprinted. |
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Translators Preface | 3 |
Historical Introduction | 5 |
From 1169 to 1535 | 6 |
Section I Political Condition of Ireland in the Twelfth Century | 8 |
Section II The Still Recent Invasion of the Danes | 9 |
Section III Influence of the Court of Rome | 10 |
CHAPTER II | 11 |
Section I Political Condition of the Irish an Obstacle to the Conquest | 12 |
The Office of Public Accuser is Wanting in Ireland | 160 |
Unanimity of the Jury in Ireland | 161 |
How and Why It Has Been Found Necessary to Create in Ireland a Certain Number of Official Functionaries Which Do Not Exist in England | 162 |
SUBSECTION II | 163 |
SUBSECTION III | 167 |
Influence of the Same Principle on the Parish | 169 |
Influence of the Same Principle on an Institution Common to All Public Powers Judicial Authority the Only Supreme Administrative Power | 173 |
Religious Consequences | 175 |
The Relation of the AngloNorman Conquerors to England and of England to Them | 13 |
The Condition Imposed on the Natives by the Conquerors | 20 |
From 1535 to 1690 | 23 |
Section I How When England Became Protestant It Must Have Desired That Ireland Should Become So Likewise | 24 |
Section II Of the Causes That Prevented Ireland from Becoming Protestant | 25 |
Section III How England Rendered Ireland ProtestantProtestant ColonisationElizabeth and James I | 29 |
Section IV Protestant ColonisationCharles I | 32 |
Section V Civil WarThe RepublicCromwell | 34 |
Section VI The Restoration of Charles II | 43 |
From 1688 to 1755 | 49 |
THE PENAL LAWS | 56 |
Special Character of the Penal Laws | 64 |
Another Special Character of the Penal Laws | 65 |
Legal Persecution Was Not Restrained by the Limits of Law | 66 |
Why Persecutions Continued When Religious Passion Ceased | 69 |
Which of the Penal Laws Were Executed and Which Not | 70 |
The Whiteboys | 72 |
From 1776 to 1829 | 80 |
1776EFFECTS OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE ON IRELAND | 81 |
Section I First Reform of the Penal Laws 1778 | 83 |
Section II Second Effect of American Independence on Ireland 1778 to 1779 The Irish Volunteers | 84 |
Section III Independence of the Irish Parliament | 86 |
Section IV Legal Consequences of the Declaration of Irish Independence | 88 |
Section V 1782Abolition of Certain Penal Laws Consequences of the Declaration of Parliamentary Independence | 93 |
Section VI Continuation of the Volunteer Movement Convention of 1783 | 94 |
Section VII Corruption of the Irish Parliament | 95 |
Section VIII Is a Servile Parliament of Any Use? | 100 |
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ITS EFFECTS IN IRELAND | 103 |
Section II Other Effects of the French Revolution Abolition of Penal Laws | 108 |
Section III Other Consequences of the French RevolutionReaction | 109 |
Section IV French Invasion of Ireland Insurrection of 1798 | 110 |
Consequences of the Insurrection of 1798 The Union | 114 |
Constitutional and Political Effect of the Union | 115 |
CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION IN 1829 | 116 |
External Appearance of Ireland Misery of Its Inhabitants | 121 |
A Bad Aristocracy Is the Primary Cause of All the Evils of Ireland The Faults of This Aristocracy Are That It Is English and Protestant | 134 |
Civil Consequences | 139 |
SUBSECTION II | 144 |
Political Consequences | 151 |
THE STATE | 153 |
Hatred of Law by the People | 159 |
III | 182 |
Some Remarks on the North of Ireland | 188 |
General Consequences from What Has Preceded Character of the IrishmanExplanation of Its Faults | 191 |
Summary of the Preceding Chapters Illusions of the Irish Aristocracy | 203 |
How Ireland Aided by the Liberties She Received or Acquired Has Resisted Oppression | 209 |
An Examination of the Causes by Which Ireland at Present a Free Country Tends to Become a Democratic Country | 216 |
Section II OConnell | 223 |
Section III The Catholic Clergy | 232 |
Section IV The Presbyterians | 239 |
Section V The Middle Classes | 244 |
Section VI On the State of Parties in Ireland | 251 |
The Three Principal Remedies That Have Been Proposed for Irish Evils | 263 |
Section I Increase of Industrial Employment | 264 |
Section II Emigration | 271 |
Section III Poor Laws | 281 |
Remedies Proposed by the AuthorThe Civil Political and Religious Privileges of the Aristocracy Must Be Abolished | 290 |
It Would Be an Evil to Substitute a Catholic Aristocracy for the Protestant Aristocracy | 297 |
How and by What Means Aristocracy Should Be Abolished in Ireland | 301 |
Section I | 302 |
Section II | 305 |
SUBSECTION I | 312 |
SUBSECTION II | 313 |
SUBSECTION III | 316 |
SUBSECTION IV | 317 |
Section III | 320 |
SUBSECTION II | 327 |
SUBSECTION III | 329 |
What Will England Do? | 335 |
What Each of the English Parties Could Accomplish for Ireland | 341 |
Section II | 343 |
Section III | 344 |
SUBSECTION I | 346 |
SUBSECTION II | 348 |
SUBSECTION III | 350 |
General Survey of the State of Ireland ConclusionA Glance at the Political and Religious Future of the Country | 361 |
Final Reflections | 375 |
A Report on the Present State of Ireland 18621863 | 379 |
Chronology | 407 |
411 | |