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DIPLOMATIC CHRONOLOGY,

From 1326 to 1833, furnishing the Dates of Treaties, Conventions, &c. and the most interesting Political Events, in Both Hemispheres.

1326 War between England and France, on the subject of a fortress in Guinne, which Edward II. claimed as his of right.

1327 Peace between Robert Bruce and Edward III. The independence of Scotland acknowledged.

1336 Edward III. renews his pretensions to the crown of France, and enters into a league with the revolted Flemings.

1356 The German Constitution, known by the name of the Golden Bull, sanctioned; and the mode of electing the Emperor determined.

1360 May 8: Peace concluded with France, at Bretigny near Chartres, whereby England retained Gascony and Guinne, acquired Saintonge, Agenois, Perigord, Limosin, Bigorre, Angoumois, and Rovergne, and renounced her pretensions to Maine, Anjou, Touraine, and Normandy; England was also to receive 3,000,000 crowns and to release King John, who had been long prisoner in London.

1370 War recommenced between France and England.

1381 Peace ratified between Venice and Genoa.

1385 The French united with the Scotch against England, upon which Richard II. invaded Scotland, and burnt Edinburgh.

1390 The Sultan Bajazet ratified a treaty with the Greek Emperor, John Paleologus. 1412 Henry IV. of England leagued with the Duke of Orleans, Regent of France, in order to oppose the Duke of Burgundy.

1415 August: Henry V. of England commences war against France.

1420 May 21: treaty of Troyes between England, France and Burgundy, whereby it was stipulated that Henry V should marry Catharine, daughter of Charles VI. be ap pointed Regent of France, and after the death of Charles should inherit the crown.

1423 Treaty between England and Burgundy.

1435 September 22: treaty of Arras between France and Burgundy. Several towns annexed to the Duchy of Burgundy.

1439 The Pragmatic Sanction settled in France, regulating the election of bishops, and moderating the power of the Pope.

1453 The first alliance entered into between the French and Swiss.

1464 A league designated “For the public good," formed between the Dukes of Burgundy, Brittany and Bourbon, and others, against Louis XI. of France.

1465 Treaty of Conflans, between Louis XI. and the chiefs of the above league. Normandy ceded to the Duke of Berri

1468 Louis XI., having placed himself in the power of the Duke of Burgundy, was forced to sign a treaty at Peronne, confirming those of Arras and Conflans, with some other stipulations.

1474 Peace concluded between Edward IV. of England, and Louis XI. of France. 1475 The Peace of Pacquigni.

1475 Charles the Bold, of Burgundy, concluded a treaty with the French king, but speedily afterwards leagued against him with Edward IV. of England, and the Duke of Brittony. Louis XI., on the other hand, entered into a treaty with the Switzers, and

succeeded ultimately in becoming an a ly of England, which unexpected change determined the Duke of Burgundy to conclude a truce at Vervins for 9 years. 1476 Charles of Burgundy commenced war against the Switzers, in which be eventually lost his life.

1482 The treaty of Arras, between Maximilian of Austria, the husband of Mary of Burgundy, and Louis XI. of France, whereby Margaret, danghter of the former; was espoused to the dauphin, son of the latter, with Artois and Burgundy as a dowry.

1482 Peace concluded at Edinburgh between England and Scotland.

1494 War commenced by France for the possession of Naples, bequeathed to the king by Charles du Maine, which was opposed by the Pope, the Emperor, the King of Spain, the Venetians, and the Duke of Milan-France being ultimately forced to abandon her claim.

1497 Treaty between England and Scotland, by which Perkin Warbeck was compelled to quit the latter kingdom.

1501 Treaty between Louis XII. of France, and Ferdinand of Spain, for the division of the kingdom of Naples, this partition, however, gave rise to a war between those powers, and eventually Naples remained in the possession of Spain.

1508 December 10: the league of Cambray against the Republic of Venice, comprising the Pope, the Emperor, and the kings of France and Spain. Venice forced to cede to Spain her possessions in the kingdom of Naples.

1510 Holy league against Louis XII. of France.

1514 France obliged to sue for peace, which was obtained from the Pope, by promising to abolish the Pragmatic Sanction; from the King of Spain, by uniting his grandson, the Duke of Ferrara, to Renee, daughter of the King of France; and from England by Louis XII. espousing Mary; sister of Henry VIII.

1515 On the accession of Francis L., a war was commenced by France for the recovery of the Milanese.

1516 August 16; the treaty of Noyon.

1521 Edict of Worms, proscribing Luther and his adherents.

1521 First war between France and Charles V.; France endeavoring to reinstate Henry d'Albret, in the Kingdom of Navarre.

1521 The Emperor Charles V. prevailed upon Henry VIII. to declare war against France. 1522 War commenced between France and Scotland, and also between France and England. 1525 A treaty concluded between France and England.

1526 Francis I., to release himself from captivity, signed a treaty with Charles V. surrendering Burgundy, Artois, Flanders, &c., and renouncing all pretensions to Italy. 1527 Second war between France and Charles V. The Pope taken prisoner at Rome. 1527 A treaty of mutual obligation entered into between France and England; and the same year a fresh treaty, for the purpose of carrying war into Italy to restore the Pope to liberty.

1529 August 5: the peace of Cambray.

1529 December: the league of Smalcald in Franconia, entered into between the Elector of Brandenburg and other princes of Germany, in defence of Protestanism.

1532 June 23: a new treaty of allianbe ratified between the kings of England and France. 1532 August 2; the treaty of Nuremberg ratified.

1556 Third war between France and Charles V. for possession of Milan.

1538 June 18: treaty of Nice between Francis I. and Charles V.

1541 Fourth war between Francis I. and Charles V.

1542 Henry VIII of England attacked Scotland, in order to force an alliance between the

Young Queen Mary and his son Prince Edward, which war terminated by a peace the following year. This attempt was as unsuccessfully renewed in 1547, after the accession of Edward VI.

1544 League between England and the Emperor Charles V. against France; shortly after which peace was concluded and signed at Cressy in Valois.

1548 May 15; the Interim granted by the Emperor Charles V. to the Protestants in Germany. 1549 Peace ratified between France and England. Boulogne restored to France.

1551 October 5: treaty of Friedwald, between France and the Protestant princes of Germany. 1552 January 15: treaty of Chambord, confirming the league between France and the Protestant princes of Germany.

1552 August 12: treaty of Passau, ratified between Charles V. and the Protestant princes of Germany. Freedom of religion established.

1554 Treaty of Naumburg, between Augustus, Elector of Saxony, and the deposed elector John Frederic-the electorate to descend to John Frederic and his heirs, in default of heirs male of Augustus.

1555 Peace of Religion, concluded at Augsburg-a confirmation of the treaty of Passau, establishing the free exercise of the Protestant religion.

1556 England entered into an alliance with Spain against France.

1558 February; the French took Calais, which had been in possession of the English since 1347.

1559 Peace of Cateau Cambresis, between France, Spain, and Piedmont. France ceded Savoy, Corsica, and nearly 200 forts in Italy and the Low Countries.

1560 Peace ratified between England, France and Scotland.

1561 Treaty of Wilna, between the Northern Powers.

1562 The French Protestants having had recourse to arms, Elizabeth sent over succors to their assistance.

1563 War between Sweden and Denmark.

1564 April 29; peace ratified between France and England.

1570 Peace of St. Germaine.

1570 December 13: peace of Stettin, between Sweden and Denmark.

1571 Spain, Venice, and the Pope combine against the Turks, who were endeavoring to subdue Cyprus.

1572 Peace concluded between England and France.

1576 The United States of the Netherlands send deputies to the Hague, who declare Philip II. divested or his principality, and appoint William, Prince of Orange, for their governor or stadtholder.

1576 November 8: pacification of Ghent, by which foreign troops were expelled from the Netherlands, and the Inquisition abolished.

1576 The League begins in France.

1579 January 22; the union of Utrecht, formed by Holland, Utrecht, Zealand, Friesland, and Guelderland, by which the republic of Holland was constituted. Overyssel joined

in 1580, and Groningen in 1594.

1595 War declared by France against Spain.

1595 May 18: peace of Teusin, between Russia and Sweden, which powers had been at war with an interval of seven years' truce, from 1572.

1598 May 2; peace ratified at Vervins between France and Spain; Spain restores her conquests of Calais, Amiens, &c.

1603 A treaty between James I. of England and Henry IV. of France, in order to support the States General against the Spanish branch of the house of Austria.

1604 August 18; peace between England and Spain ratified.

1609 April 4; the truce of 12 years between the Spaniards and Dutch.

1610 Treaty of Halle, between the Protestant princes of the empire.

1610 League of Wurtzbourg, between the Catholic princes of the empire.

1613 Peace of Siorod, concluding a war of two years between Sweden and Denmark.

1619 Peace between France and Spain; marriage of Louis XIII. with Anne of Austria, infanta of Spain,

1619 September 5: the Elector Palatine, Frederic V., son-in-law of James I., accepted the crown of Bohemia offered to him by the Protestant states. This was the beginning of the Thirty Years' War.

1620 July 3; peace of Ulm, by which Frederic V. lost Bohemia.

1622 Conquest of the Palatinate, by the Emperor Ferdinand II.

1625 Danish period of the Thirty Years' War, when Christian IV. became the head of the Protestant party. Treaty between Deumark, England, and Holland.

1626 League of the Swedes, Dutch and the Protestant princes of Germany, against the Emp'r. 1627 War commenced by Eng'd against France, in favor of the distressed French Protestants. 1629 War commenced by the king of France against the Emperor, the king of Spain, and the duke of Savoy, in favor of the claims of the duke of Nevers to the the territ'y of Mantua. 1629 April 14: peace ratified with France.

1629 May 22: peace of Lubeck, between the Emperor and the king of Denmark. 1630 France joined the Protestant princes of Germany, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and and Holland, against the house of Austria, in Germany and Spain.

1630 England also acceded to the above alliance, with a view of procuring the restoration of the Elector Palatine.

1630 June 24: Swedish period of the Thirty Years' War, when Gustavus Adolphus made a descent on the Isle of Rugen

1630 October 13: peace of Ratisbon, between France and the Emperor; terminating the war

for the Mantuan succession.

1630 November 27: peace proclaimed between England and Spain.

1631 January 13: subsiding alliance of France with Sweden.

1631 April, alliance of Leipsig, between the Elector of Saxony and the Protestant Princes. 1631 Treaty of Chierasco, by which the Duke of Nevers finally takes possession of his Mantuan territories.

1633 March: Treaty of Heibron between Sweden and the Northern Protestant states of Germany, after the death of Gustavus Adolphus.

1655 February 28: alliance between France and Holland.

1635 May 30: peace of Prague between the Emperor and the Elector of Saxony.

1635 May 19: war declared by France against Spain. France entered actively into the Thirty Years' War, forming the French period.

1640 Civil wars commenced in England; the Scotch army take Newcastle.

1641 The Duke of Braganza, having been declared king of Portugal, entered into an alliance with France, in their contest against Spain.

1648 January 30: peace of Munster between Spain and the Dutch. Independence of Holland fully recognized.

1648 October 24: the peace of Westphalia, signed at Munster and at Osneburg, between France, the Emperor, and Sweden; Spain continuing the war against France. By this peace the principle of a balance of power in Europe was first recognized; Alsace given to France, and part of Pomerania and some other districts to Sweden; the Elector Palatine restored to the Lower Palatine; the civil and political rights of the German states established; and the independence of the Swiss Confederation recognized by Germany.

1651 October: war commenced between the English commonwealth and the Dutch. 1654 April 5: peace ratified between the Dutch and the commonwealth of England. 1655 November 3: articles of peace signed between England and France.

1656 February 15: Spain declared war against England.

1656 November 10; treaty of Liebau, which annulled the feudal subjection of the Duchy of Prussia to the crown of Sweden.

1657 March 23: treaty of alliance between England and France, against Spain.

1657 May 27; alliance of Vienna between Poland, Denmark, and the Emp'r, against Sweden.

1659 May 21: treaty of the Hague between England, France and Holland, to maintain the equilibrium of the North.

1659 November 7: peace concluded between France and Spain, by the treaty of the Pyrenees: Spain yielding Roussillon, Artois, and her rights to Alsace; and France ceded her conquests in Catalonia, Italy, &c., and engaging not to assist Portugal.

1660 May 3: the peace of Oliva ratified between Sweden, Poland, Prussia, and the Emperor. Esthonia and Livonia given up to Sweden.

1660 September: a proclamation issued at London for the cessation of hostilities with Spain. 1660 May 27: peace of Copenhagen between Sweden and Denmark.

1661 June 23: treaty of alliance between England and Portugal.

1663 France entered into a defensive alliance with Holland and Switzerland.

1664 November: the second war commenced between England and Holland.

1664 War between the Turks and the Emperor of Germany; after the Turks had been defeated, the truce of Teameswar was concluded, on September 7, for 20 years; the Emperor ceding Great Waradein and Neuhausel.

1666 January 26: France declared war against England; the Danes also entered into a league with the Dutch against England.

1666 October; war declared by England against Denmark,

1667 July 25; peace of Breda concluded between England, France, Holland, and Denmark. 1668 January 28; a treaty of alliance ratified between the States General and England, against France, for the protection of the Spanish Netherlands, Sweden afterwards joined the league; it was known as the Triple Alliance.

1668 February 13; peace of Lisbon, concluded between Spain and Portugal through the medi ation of England. Independence of Portugal acknowledged by Spain.

1668 May 2; peace of Aix-la-Chapelle between France and Spain signed. France yields Franche Comte, but retains her conquests in the Netherlands.

1669 May 7; treaty of the Hague between Holland and Portugal; the Dutch allowed to retain their conquests in India.

1672 Treaty between France and England 12th Feb. and Sweden 14th April, against Holl❜d. 1672 Aug. 30; An alliance entered into between the Emp'r, Spain, and Holland against France. 1673 June 16; peace of Vossem between the elector of Brandenburg and France. The former engaging not to assist the Dutch.

1673 France declared war against Holland.

1674 February; peace of Westminster between England and Holland.

1674 June; the Empire declared war against France

1678 January 10; treaty concluded between England and Holland, by which Holland detached Chares II. from the interests of France.

1678 August 11; peace of Nimeguen concluded between France and Holland. Spain accedes to the peace the 17th September, giving up Franche Compte, &c.; the Emperor on the 5th February following; and Sweden on March 29.

1679 June 29; peace of St. Germain et Laye concluded between France, Sweden, and the Elector of Brandenburg.

1679 September 2: peace of Fontainbleau between France and Denmark.

1683 March 31: alliance of Warsaw, between Austria and Poland, against Turkey, in pursuance of which John Sobieski assisted in raising the siege of Vienna, on Sept. 12. 1684 August 15; truce of Ratisbon concluded by France with Spain and the Empire, terminating the war of the previous year.

1686 League of Augsburg entered into by Holland and the other European powers for the purpose of causing the treaties of Munster and Nimeguen to be fulfilled on the part of France.

1688 France commences hostilities against the confederated states, and ravages the Palatinate. 1689 May 7; war declared by England against France.

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