Women's Educational and Industrial Union School, Boston.

This school comprises courses designed to teach the trades of dressmaking and millinery. Instruction in these branches is given by means of lectures, practical work, and examinations. Pupils furnish their own materials and make articles for their own use. Three terms of 24 lessons each are necessary to complete a full course in dressmaking and in millinery. A work test is required to join the dressmaking

class.

Millinery Instruction is first given in the making and trimming of all varieties of hats, followed by methods of making bonnets, etc. Special attention is given to making tasteful and stylish ribbon bows, and feather curling is taught in this course. Advice is given upon the suitability of materials, combinations of colors, and character of lines and forms. For day classes a fee of $10 is charged for a term of 24 lessons, and for evening classes a fee of $5 is charged for a term of 24 lessons.

Dressmaking: The preparatory course includes buttonhole making, machine sewing, and the drafting, cutting, fitting, and making of undergarments and dresses of wash material. A day class only is formed in this course, and a fee of $10 for 24 lessons is charged. In the regular course the pupil is taught the making, drafting, and fitting of different styles of skirts and waists. Pupils are shown a variety of materials, and are instructed in regard to the texture, color, and suitability of each for various uses. In the third term, tailor-made suits receive special attention. For day classes the fee for each term of 24 lessons is $10, and for evening classes a fee of $5 is charged for each term of 24 lessons.

A special normal class in dressmaking and millinery is formed for women wishing to fit themselves as professional workers, or for teachers of dressmaking or millinery. There are two teachers for these classes, one for dressmaking and one for millinery.

The annual cost of maintaining the courses in dressmaking and millinery approximates $1,800, the funds coming from fees paid by the pupils.

In 1897, the Union established a School of Housekeeping for the purpose of making a scientific study of the home and of conditions of daily life, to the end that the standard of living might be raised in all homes. In connection with the teaching of housekeepers was the training of houseworkers. The employers were taught by lectures and practical demonstrations, while the houseworkers had courses including all branches of domestic service, covering a period of either 18 or 36 weeks. Those taking the courses for houseworkers were not charged for room, board, or tuition, but in exchange for these the pupils gave their services to the school for the whole course.

The course for houseworkers was discontinued in 1901, and the School of Housekeeping was absorbed by Simmons College in 1902.

Simmons College, Boston.

Simmons College was established under the will of John Simmons, of Boston, who died in 1870. In 1899, the institution was incorporated for the purpose of "furnishing to women instruction and training in such branches of art, science, and industry as may be serviceable in enabling them to acquire a livelihood." The college was opened October 9, 1902. The plan of instruction provides for three classes of students. It offers to such students as are able to give the time a complete college training; it offers also shorter technical courses, and professional courses. The college maintains Saturday and evening classes for those who are unable to attend the regular classes.

We will consider in brief the courses in the departments of Household Economics, Secretarial Work, and Library Training. The regular course in household economics covers a period of four years, and prepares the student for professional housekeeping-institutional management largely, and social settlement work-or for teaching the subjects of household arts and sciences. There are about 50 pupils at present in the School of Housekeeping. The secretarial course is intended to give pupils preparation for professional business, and as private secretaries, registrars, or office assistants. Thorough instruction in stenography, typewriting, and office usage is included in this course. The library course is designed for the training of librarians, such course occupying four years.

The requirement for admission to any of the regular courses is that the student must be a high school graduate. For these courses the tuition fee is $100, payable in instalments of $50 each at the beginning of each

term.

People's Institute, Boston.

This school was founded by the Robert Treat Paine Association, and opened to the working people of Roxbury October 2, 1890. Its objects are to furnish working people the means of mental and moral improvement, mutual helpfulness, and rational recreation." With the above end in view, the institute has established evening classes and lectures for the teaching, more or less thoroughly, of certain occupations, etc., among other things. From the standpoint of the evening classes, this may be considered an industrial school. The branches of occupations taught are as follows: Dressmaking, millinery, embroidery, and drawing and designing. In these industrial classes there are nine instructors. The management of the classes is in the hands of the officers of the association and the superintendent of the institute. The annual cost of maintaining these classes approximates $1,000, and the funds are obtained from the association and from membership fees, which are only $1 per year per individual. This fee entitles the member to any or all the privileges of the institute.

Lowell Textile School, Lowell.

This school was incorporated "for the purpose of establishing and maintaining a textile school for instruction in the theory and practical art of textile and kindred branches of industry." The incorporators were representatives of the great textile corporations of Lowell, Lawrence, and vicinity. By the terms of the by-laws, at least three-fourths of the trustees must be "persons actually engaged in or connected with textile or kindred manufactures." This was to insure the practical character of the management and the instruction.

The school was formally opened January 30, 1897, and instruction began February 1, 1897. The new buildings of the school were dedicated on February 12, 1903. There are 19 instructors in the school; the principal, who also acts as professor of mechanical engineering; a professor of textile design and fabric structure; a professor of chemistry and dyeing; a head instructor in warp preparation and weaving; a professor of decorative art; a head instructor in woollen and worsted spinning; a head instructor in cotton spinning; an instructor in mechanical engineering; two instructors in chemistry; an instructor in woollen and worsted spinning and finishing; an instructor in the hand-loom department; an instructor in textile designing; an assistant instructor in cotton spinning; an assistant instructor in free-hand drawing; an instructor in dyeing; an assistant instructor in power weaving; an instructor in electrical engineering; an instructor in charge of modern languages; and, in addition, there are several lecturers on mill engineering.

The equipment of the school consists of high-grade machinery, with all latest improvements, specially built to afford facilities for all kinds of experimental work, and of such variety as is never found in any one textile mill. With the machinery already installed, the school claims to have a more varied equipment than any other existing textile school, either in America or Europe.

The day classes are especially intended for the instruction of those whose intention it is to enter the business of textile manufacturing in any branch. The courses are sufficiently complete to enable a person to start without any previous acquaintance with textiles, but at the same time, those who have been engaged in such business and wish to improve their knowledge and opportunities can devote their entire time to study most profitably. The complete collection of machinery enables every process to be practically illustrated. The student has the option of selecting any one of five regular or several special courses. Each course is intended to cover three years. The five regular diploma courses are: Cotton manufacturing; wool manufacturing; designing, general course; chemistry and dyeing; and weaving.

The courses of instruction in the day classes are comprised as follows: First year, first term-Design construction, cloth analysis, ele

ments of mechanism, mechanical drawing, cloth construction, hand looms, general chemistry, and free-hand drawing. This is common to all courses, and at the end of this term each student is required to select which of the courses he is to follow in his subsequent studies, and the instruction to be given after the first term of the first year is specialized to suit each

course.

Cotton Manufacturing. First year, second term: Cotton fiber, microscopic examination of fiber, design construction, cloth analysis, elements of mechanism, mechanical drawing, cotton manipulation, cloth construction, hand looms, general chemistry, and free-hand drawing. Second year: Cotton manipulation, machine drawing, textile chemistry and dyeing, designing, electricity, applied mechanics, warp preparation, weaving, and cloth analysis. Third year: Cotton manipulation, weaving, knitting machinery, designing, mill engineering, and thesis.

Wool Manufacturing. First year, second term: Wool fiber, microscopic examination of fibers, design construction, cloth analysis, elements of mechanism, mechanical drawing, woollen spinning, cloth construction, hand looms, general chemistry, and free-hand drawing. Second year: Woollen and worsted spinning, machine drawing, weaving, textile chemistry and dyeing, cloth analysis, applied mechanics, warp preparation, designing, and electricity. Third year: Wool manipulation, weaving, knitting machinery, designing, mill engineering, and thesis.

Designing. First year, second term: Design construction, cloth analysis, design sketching, mechanical drawing, elements of mechanism, cloth construction, hand looms, free-hand drawing, and general chemistry. Options: Woollen and worsted spinning and cotton spinning. Second year: Design construction, cloth analysis, design sketching and Jacquard work, decorative art, textile chemistry and dyeing, cloth construction, hand looms, weaving, and applied mechanics. Options: Woollen and worsted spinning and cotton spinning. Third year: Designing - advanced work, mill engineering, decorative art, weaving, and thesis. Options: Woollen and worsted spinning and cotton spinning.

Chemistry and Dyeing. First year, second term: General chemistry, stoichiometry, elements of mechanism, cloth analysis, qualitative analysis, mechanical drawing, designing, and hand looms. Second year: Textile chemistry and dyeing, chemical philosophy, applied mechanics, advanced inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and electricity. Options: Designing and weaving. Third year: Quantitative analysis, industrial chemistry, advanced textile chemistry and dyeing, dye testing, microscopy, and thesis. Options: Weaving and mill engineering.

Weaving. First year, second term: Design construction, cloth analysis, free-hand drawing, elements of mechanism, cloth construction, hand looms, mechanical drawing, and general chemistry. Options: Woollen and worsted spinning and cotton spinning. Second year: Design construction, cloth analysis, decorative art, textile chemistry and

dyeing, applied mechanics, cloth construction, hand looms, loom construction, and weaving. Options: Woollen and worsted spinning and cotton spinning. Third year: Fabric structure, cloth analysis, analysis of weaving mechanism, weaving, mill engineering, cloth construction, hand looms, and thesis.

Candidates for admission to the day classes are required to pass an examination in arithmetic, English, geography, and algebra, or present evidence of proper qualification. The fee for the day course is $100 per year for residents of Massachusetts; for non-residents it is $150 per year. Special students pay, in general, the full fee, but if a course be taken involving attendance at the school during a limited time, application may be made to the principal for a reduction. All candidates for the diploma of the school must file with the principal not later than May 15 a report of original investigation or research, such thesis to have been previously approved by the head of the department in which it is made. Advantages are offered to persons for special research work.

The diploma of the school is awarded upon the satisfactory completion of either of the five regular courses, covering not less than three years, except where entrance is to advance standing. In such cases at least one year's residence is required. For the satisfactory completion of a three years' course in any special department, the certificate of the school is. awarded; it is possible to complete such a course in less than three years, if the candidate be passed to advanced standing, but at least one year's attendance is required.

The evening classes of the school are intended to give thorough instruction to those who are engaged during the day in mills and workshops, to enable those who wish it to perfect their knowledge of the branches in which they work, to acquire knowledge of other processes than those in which they are regularly engaged, and in the course of several winters to complete a thorough technical education without interfering with their daily duties. The courses are: Cotton spinning, a three-year course; woollen spinning, a one-year course; worsted spinning, a two-year course; designing, a three-year course; chemistry and dyeing, a fouryear course; weaving, a three-year course; mechanical engineering, a two-year course; also a course in warp preparation of one term. For the satisfactory completion of either of these courses, the certificate of the school is awarded; the diploma of the school is awarded in exchange for certificates of satisfactory completion of those subjects which go to make up any one of the several regular diploma courses.

The courses of instruction offered in the evening are identical with those of the day, with the exception that less time is devoted to the machine work. Ordinarily, the handling of the machinery is a part familiar to most of the students through contact with it in the daytime, and in such cases the explanations and calculations are of the greater importance.