POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES

TABLE IX.-POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, WITH RANK ACCORDING TO POPULATION, AT EACH CENSUS, 1790-1910

1 Includes population (325,464) of Indian Territory and Indian reservations specially enumerated in 1890, but not included in the general report on population in 1890.

2 Includes persons (6,100 in 1840 and 5.318 in 1830) on public ships in the service of the United States, not credited to any geographic division or state.

For 1890 the rank of South Dakota advances from 37 to 35 and that of Arizona from 48 to 47, when the population specially enumerated is included; and that of Oklahoma advances from 46 to 39. when the population of Indian Territory and Indian reservations specially enumerated are included.

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES

TABLE IX.—POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, WITH RANK ACCORDING TO POPULATION, AT EACH CENSUS, 1790-1910.—Continued

Population for that part of Dakota territory taken to form North Dakota: 1880, 36,900; 1870. 2,405; and for that part taken to form South Dakota: 1880, 98,268; 1870, 11,776. Dakota territory.

Includes population of Indian Territory: 1900, 392,060; 1890, 180.182.

The territory of Oklahoma in 1900 ranked 38 and Indian Territory 39. The rank for 1900 includes the population of Indian Territory with that of Oklahoma.

6,857

11.594

40

52.465

379,994

36

13.294

26

92.597

29

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES

TABLE IX-POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES, WITH RANK ACCORDING TO POPULATION, AT EACH CENSUS, 1790-1910.—Continued

Alaska was specially enumerated under the law, but the population was not included in the general report on population in 1880.

According to the census taken as of Dec. 28, 1890, under the direction of the Hawaiian government. 10 According to the census of Porto Rico taken in 1899 under the direction of the War Department. 11 Persons in the military and naval service of the United States (including civilian employees, etc.) stationed abroad, not credited to any state or territory.

POPULIST PARTY

held at Omaha, Nebraska, July 2, 1892. The preamble of the platform proclaimed the deplorable condition of society in which land was "concentrating in the hands of capitalists". and "the fruits of the toil of millions" were "bodily stolen to build up colossal fortunes for the few." The permanent union of the labor forces was declared and the community of interest between the rural and the urban laborers was emphasized. The demands adopted in the platform were substantially the same as those promulgated at the Cincinnati convention the previous year. James B. Weaver of Iowa was nominated for President, and James G. Field of Virginia for Vice-President. At the election in the following November the Populist ticket received a popular vote of 1,027,329 and 22 electoral votes, carrying four states and receiving one electoral vote in each of two others, besides electing nine representatives to Congress.

Causes. The party had for its antecedents the "Greenbackers" (see), the "Grangers" (see) and the "Union Labor Party" (see LA- Campaign of 1896.-In consideration of the BOR PARTIES), and was the immediate out- fact that the Democratic party in 1896 had growth of the political activities of the "Farm- | adopted many of the Populists' principles and ers' Alliance" (see). The party was formed, had made the financial question the paramount primarily, to champion the interests of the issue in its platform, the Populist convenagrarian classes and of the workingmen. It tion, held at St. Louis, Missouri, July 22, sprang up as an expression of the social dis- 1896, endorsed William J. Bryan, the Democratcontent with the existing economic conditions ic candidate for President. A large minority especially in the agrarian West. Such discon- were also in favor of endorsing the Democratic tent was the immediate result of the low prices nominee for Vice-President, Arthur Sewall of of farm produce together with the large number Maine, but a majority supported Thomas E. of mortgaged farms. The Populist party was Watson of Georgia rather than allow a coma protest against the alleged domination of plete fusion with the Democratic party. In government and society by the railroads, the addition to the readoption of the principles set money power and the high-protectionist man- forth by the previous convention, the platform ufacturers of the East. It was based upon recognized that the "great and pressing issue" the belief that the government could and should of the campaign was the "financial question." regulate the economic functions of life in the It demanded: the free and unrestricted coininterests of the common people. The move- age of silver and gold at the ratio of sixteen ment was primarily an agrarian one, which to one without waiting for the consent of forattempted to enlist the support of the urban eign nations; postal savings-banks; government laborers to secure economic panaceas by means ownership of railroads and telegraph; the of legislation. initiative and referendum; the employment of idle labor on public works during an in

ment by injunction. Land grants to the Pacific railroad companies were particularly condemned and it was further demanded that the mineral lands be exempted from such land grants after, as well as before, the patent. In the November election a majority of the Populists voted for Sewall, for Vice-President. Bryan received 176 electoral votes, Sewall 149 and Watson 27.

First Platform.-The first platform, adopted at the Cincinnati Convention in 1891, demand-dustrial depression; and the abolition of governed: the abolition of the national banking system; government issue of fiat money in sufficient volume to transact the business of the country on a cash basis, such money to be loaned to the people at not more than two per cent per annum upon non-perishable products; the free, unlimited coinage of silver; a graduated income tax; the prohibition of alien ownership of land; the reclamation of all lands held by railroads and other corporations in excess of their actual needs, such land to be held for actual settlers only; a rigid national control and supervision, and, if necessary, government ownership of the means of, public communication and transportation; and the election of President, Vice-President and Senators by the direct vote of the people.

First National Convention.-The first national nomination convention of the party was

Middle of the Road Populists.-Those Populists who voted for Watson and were in favor of maintaining their own organization without an alliance or fusion with any other party were called "Middle of the Road" Populists (see). At the close of the campaign of 1896, there was a marked opposition within the party, especially in the South, to any further alliance with the Democratic party. The first open rupture occurred at a state convention at