No other or higher duties, &c. than the same articles would be sub

jected to if they

were the growth, produce, or manufacture, of any other country.

TREATY WITH SWEDEN. (a)

In the name of the most Holy and Indivisible Trinity.

THE United States of America, and his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, equally animated with a sincere desire to maintain and confirm the relations of friendship and commerce which have hitherto subsisted between the two states, and being convinced that this object cannot be more effectually accomplished than by establishing, reciprocally, the commerce between the two states upon the firm basis of liberal and equitable principles, equally advantageous to both countries, have named, to this end, plenipotentiaries, and have furnished them with the necessary full powers to treat, and, in their name, to conclude a treaty, to wit: The President of the United States, Jonathan Russell, a citizen of the said United States, and now their Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Stockholm; and his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, his Excellency the Count Laurent d'Engestrom, his Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Chancellor of the University of Lund, Knight Commander of the Orders of the King, Knight of the Order of Charles XIII, Grand Cross of the Orders of St. Etienne of Hungary, of the Legion of Honour of France, of the Black Eagle and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, and the Count Adolphe George de Morner, his Counsellor of State, and Commander of the Order of the Polar Star: and the said plenipotentiaries, after having produced and exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed on the following articles:

ARTICLE 1.

There shall be between all the territories under the dominion of the United States of America, and of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, a reciprocal liberty of commerce. The inhabitants of either of the two countries shall have liberty, with all security for their persons, vessels, and cargoes, to come freely to all ports, places, and rivers, within the territories of the other, into which the vessels of the most favoured nations are permitted to enter. They can there remain and reside in any part whatsoever of the said territories; they can there hire and occupy houses and warehouses for their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each of the two nations, shall enjoy in the other the most complete security and protection for the transaction of their business, being bound, alone, to conform to the laws and statutes of the two countries, respectively.

ARTICLE 2.

No other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, of the produce or manufactures of the United States, nor on the importation into the United States of the produce or manufactures of the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, than those to which the same articles would be subjected in each of the two countries, respectively, if these articles were the growth, produce, or manufacture, of any other country. The same principle shall likewise be observed in respect to exportation, in such manner that in each of the two countries, respectively, the articles which shall be exported for the other, cannot be charged with any duty, impost, or

(a) A Treaty of Amity and Commerce, concluded between his majesty the King of Sweden, and the United States of North America, April 3, 1783, ante, page 60.

TRAITÉ A SUÈDE.

Au nom de la très Sainte et Indivisible Trinité.

LES Etats Unis d'Amérique et sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, également animés du désir sincère de maintenir et consolider les rélations d'amitié et de commerce qui ont subsisté jusqu'ici entre les deux etats, et étant convaincus qu'on ne saurait mieux remplir cet objet qu'en établissant réciproquement le commerce entre les deux etats, sur la base solide de principes libéraux et équitables également avantageux aux deux pays, ont nommé pour cet effet des plénipotentiaires, et les ont munis des pouvoirs nécessaires pour traiter et conclure en leur nom, savoir le Président des Etats Unis, Monsieur Jonathan Russell, citoyen des dits Etats Unis, et actuellement leur Ministre Plénipotentiaire à la Cour de Stockholm, et sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, son Excellence Monsieur le Comte Laurent d'Engeström, son Ministre d'Etat pour les Affaires Etrangères, Chancélier de l'Université de Lund, Chevalier Commandeur des ordres du Roi, Chevalier de l'ordre du Roi Charles XIII, Grand Croix des ordres de St. Etienne de Hongrie, de la Legion d'Honneur de France, de l'Aigle Noir et de l'Aigle Rouge de Prusse, et Monsieur le Comte Adolphe George de Morner, son Conseiller d'Etat, et Commandeur de l'ordre de l'Etoile Polaire; lesquels plénipotentiaires, après avoir produit et échangés leurs pleinpouvoirs trouvés en bonne et duê forme, sont convenus des articles suivans:

ARTICLE PREMIER.

Il y aura liberté réciproque de commerce entre tous les pays de la domination des Etats Unis d'Amérique et de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège. Les habitans de l'un des deux pays pourront avec toute sûreté, pour leur personnes, vaisseaux et cargaisons, aborder librement dans les ports, places et rivières du territoire de l'autre, partout où l'entrée est permise aux vaisseaux des nations les plus favorisées. Ils pourront s'y arrêter et résider dans quelque partie que ce soit des dits territoires; ils pourront y louer et occuper des maisons et des magasins pour leur commerce, et généralement les négocians ou trafiquans de chacune des deux nations jouiront chez l'autre de la plus entière sécurité et protection pour les affaires de leur négoce, étant seulement tenus à se conformer aux loix et ordonnances des deux pays respectifs.

ARTICLE SECOND.

Il ne sera point imposé de plus forts ou autres droits, impôts, ou charges quelconques sur l'importation dans les Etats Unis des productions du sol ou des manufactures des etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, ni sur l'importation dans les etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège des productions du sol ou des manufactures des Etats Unis, que ceux auxquels seraient assujettis les mêmes articles dans chacun des deux pays respectifs, si ces denrées étaient le produit du sol ou des manufactures de tout autre pays. Le même principe sera aussi observé pour l'exportation, en sorte que dans chacun des deux pays respectifs les articles qui seront exportés pour l'autre ne pourront être chargés d'aucun droit, impôt, ou charge quelconque plus

No prohibition on exportation or importation which does not extend to all other nations.

Equalization of duties as to

cargoes of either nation, &c.

charge, whatsoever, higher or other than those to which the same articles would be subjected if they were exported to any other country whatever.

Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, or of the United States, to or from the said territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, or to or from the said United States, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

Swedish or Norwegian vessels arriving in ballast, or importing into the United States the produce or manufactures of their countries, or the vessels and exporting from the United States the produce or manufactures of said States, shall not be obliged to pay, either for the vessels or the cargoes, any other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which the vessels of the United States would pay in the same circumstances; and, vice versa, the vessels of the United States, arriving in ballast, or importing into the territories under the dominion of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the produce or manufactures of the United States, or exporting from the territories under the dominion of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the produce or manufactures of these territories, shall not pay, either for the vessels or the cargoes, any other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which would be paid if these articles were transported by Swedish or Norwegian vessels, respectively.

Equalization of duties extended to the colony of St. Bartholomews.

(* This article not ratified.)

(* This article not ratified.)

That which is here above stipulated, shall also extend to the Swedish colony of St. Barthelemy, as well in what relates to the rights and advantages which the vessels of the United States shall enjoy in its ports, as in relation to those which the vessels of the colony shall enjoy in the ports of the United States, provided the owners are inhabitants of St. Barthelemy, and there established and naturalized, and shall have there caused their vessels to be naturalized.

ARTICLE 3.*

His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, agrees that all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the West Indies, which are permitted to be imported in Swedish or Norwegian vessels, whether these articles be imported, directly or indirectly, from said Indies, may likewise be imported into its territories in vessels of the United States, and there shall not be paid, either for the said vessels or the cargoes, any higher or other duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which would be paid by Swedish or Norwegian vessels in the same circumstances, with an addition only of ten per centum on the said duties, imposts, and charges, and no more.

In order to avoid misapprehension in this respect, it is expressly declared, that the term "West Indies" ought to be taken in its most extensive sense, comprising all that portion of the earth, whether main land or islands, which at any time has been denominated the West Indies, in contradistinction to that other portion of the earth denominated the East Indies.

ARTICLE 4.*

The United States of America, on their part, agree, that all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the countries surrounding the Baltic sea, or bordering thereon, which are permitted to be imported in vessels of the United States, whether these articles be imported, directly or indirectly, from the Baltic, may likewise be imported into the United States in Swedish or Norwegian vessels; and there shall not then be

fort ou autre que ceux auxquels seraient assujettis les mêmes articles, s'ils étaient exportés pour tout autre pays quelconque.

Il ne sera non plus imposé aucune prohibition, ni sur l'exportation ni sur l'importation d'aucun article provenant du sol ou des manufactures des Etats Unis ou des pays de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, dans ou hors les dits Etats Unis, et dans ou hors les dits pays de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, qui en s'étende également à toutes les autres nations.

Les vaisseaux des Etats Unis d'Amérique arrivant sur leur lest ou important dans les Etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et Norvège des produits du sol ou de l'industrie de leur pays, ou exportant des Etats de sa Majesté Suédoise et Norvegienne les produits du sol ou de l'industrie nationale des dits Etats, ne seront tenus à payer, ni pour les vaisseaux ni pour les cargaisons aucuns droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, plus forts ou autres que ceux que payeraient dans le même cas les vaisseaux des Etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvèges, et vice versa; les vaisseaux des Etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège qui arrivent sur leur lest ou qui importent dans les Etats Unis de l'Amérique des productions du sol ou de l'industrie nationale de la Suède et de la Norvège, ou qui exportent des Etats Unis des produits du sol ou de l'industrie de ces pays, ne payeront ni pour les vaisseaux ni pour les cargaisons aucuns droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, autres ou plus forts que ceux qui seraient payés si ces mêmes denrées étaient transportées par des vaisseaux des Etats Unis respectivement.

Ce qui est statué ci-dessus s'étendra aussi à la colonie Suédoise de St. Barthelemy, tant par rapport aux droits et avantages dont les vaisseaux des Etats Unis jouiront dans ses ports que par rapport à ceux dont les vaisseaux de la colonie jouiront dans les ports des Etats Unis; bien entendu que les propriétaires soyent colons établis et naturalisés à St. Barthelemy, et qu'ils y ayent fait naturaliser leurs vaisseaux.

ARTICLE TROISIÈME.

Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège consent que tous les articles qui sont le produit du sol ou des manufactures des Indes Occidentales et dont l'entrée est permise dans des vaisseaux Suédois ou Norvégiens, soit que ces marchandises viennent directement ou indirectement des dites Indes, puissent aussi être importés dans ses Etats par des vaisseaux des Etats Unis, et qu'alors il ne sera payé ni pour les dits vaisseaux, ni pour les cargaisons, de droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, plus forts ou autres que ceux qui seraient payés par des vaisseaux Suédois ou Norvégiens dans le même cas, avec une addition seulement de dix pour cent sur les dits droits, impots, ou charges, et pas davantage.

Pour éviter tout mésentendu à cet égard il est ici expressement declaré, que la dénomination d'Indes Occidentales doit être prise dans le sens le plus étendu en y comprenant toute cette partie du monde, soit îles ou terre ferme, qui de tout tems a été appellée Indes Occidentales, en opposition avec cette autre partie du monde appellée Indes Orientales.

ARTICLE QUATRIÈME.

De leur coté les Etats Unis d'Amérique consentent à ce que tous les articles qui sont les produits du sol ou des manufactures des pays qui bordent ou environnent la mer Baltique et dont l'entrée est permise dans les vaisseaux des Etats Unis, soit que ces denrées viennent directement ou indirectement de la Baltique, puissent aussi être importés de même dans les Etats Unis, par des vaisseaux Suédois ou Norvégiens, et qu'a

Consuls, &c.

Proceedings against consuls, &c. offending against the laws.

paid for the said vessels, or for the cargoes, any higher or other duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which would be paid by vessels of the United States in the same circumstances, with an addition only of ten per centum on the said duties, imposts, and charges, and no more.

In order to avoid all uncertainty in respect to the duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, which a vessel belonging to the citizens or subjects of one of the contracting parties ought to pay, on arriving in the ports of the other, with a cargo consisting partly of articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the country to which the vessel belongs, and partly of any other merchandize, which the said vessel is permitted to import by the preceding articles, it is agreed that, in case a cargo should be thus mixed, the vessel shall always pay the duties, imposts, and charges, according to the nature of that part of the cargo which is subjected to the highest duties, in the same manner as if the vessel imported this sort of merchandise only.

ARTICLE 5.

The high contracting parties grant mutually the liberty of having in the places of commerce and ports of the other, consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents, who shall enjoy all the protection and assistance necessary for the due discharge of their functions. But it is here expressly declared, that in case of illegal or improper conduct in respect to the laws or government of the country to which they are sent, the said consul, vice consul, or agent, may be either punished according to law, dismissed, or sent away, by the offended government, that governArchives, &c. ment assigning to the other the reasons therefor. It is, nevertheless, inviolate. understood, that the archives and documents relative to the affairs of the consulate shall be protected from all examination, and shall be carefully preserved, being placed under the seal of the consul and of the authority of the place where he shall have resided.

Consuls and their deputies to have the

right to act as judges, &c. Limitation of the right.

Rights reserved to the parties under consular decisions.

(* This article not ratified.)

The consuls and their deputies shall have the right, as such, to act as judges and arbitrators in the differences which may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels of the nation whose affairs are entrusted to their care. The respective governments shall have no right to interfere in matters of this kind, except the conduct of the captain and crew shall disturb the peace and tranquillity of the country in which the vessel may be, or that the consul of the place shall feel himself obliged to resort to the interposition and support of the executive authority to cause his decision to be respected and maintained. It being, nevertheless, understood, that this kind of judgment, or award, shall not deprive the contending parties of the right which they shall have, on their return, to recur to the judicial authorities of their own country.

ARTICLE 6.*

In order to prevent all dispute and uncertainty in respect to what may be considered as being the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the contracting parties respectively, it is agreed, that whatever the chief or intendant of the customs shall have designated and specified as such, in the clearance delivered to the vessels which depart from the European ports of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, shall be acknowledged and admitted as such in the United States; and that, in the same manner, whatever the chief or collector of the customs in the ports of the United States shall have designated and specified as the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the United States, shall be acknowledged and admitted as such in the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway.

The specification or designation given by the chief of the customs in