APPENDIX II

HELPFUL FACTORS IN FUEL OIL STUDY AND CONSERVATION

The authors of the work would feel unmindful of their duty in setting forth the elements of fuel oil and steam engineering did they not at this time point out to the reader some of the helpful factors that are aiding in fuel oil study and conservation in these days of national emergency.

First and foremost must be mentioned the educative and helpful influence of the universities and technical colleges of the West-such as the University of California and Leland Stanford Junior University. These institutions are not only prepared to train technical fuel oil specialists, but the eminent scientists and engineers upon their teaching staffs are contributing noteworthy research data for the upbuilding of efficient mining and utilization of this important national resource. The Extension Division of the University of California is now serving over three hundred thousand people in the state of California. Practically every conceivable educative aid is available through this branch of university instruction. All operators or engineers interested in fuel oil, its uses and conservation, may for a small fee enjoy this excellent service. The only other requirement on the part of the applicant is that he be thoroughly in earnest in undertaking such study. To get in touch with this excellent service, a letter should be addressed to Director of Extension Division, University of California, Berkeley.

The California Railroad Commission is doing excellent service in the efficient handling of the petroleum situation. Authorized under the law to regulate the public utilities as to rates and other matters, this commission on its own initiative has worked out a scheme of interconnection of power companies in the state of California that will do much in conserving the fuel oil in that industry.

Especial attention is called to the research investigations of the United States Bureau of Mines and the United States Bureau of Standards. Much of the scientific data on fuel oil specifications and steam generation contained in this work have been gleaned from the various publications of the Bureau of Mines, while the standardization of thermometers as treated in addition to many other aids in scientific precision described, must be accredited to the helpful work of the Bureau of Standades. In discussions looking toward the production of petroleum the publications of the United States Geological Survey are timely, as are also the publications of the California State Mining Bureau.

The Book on Steam of the Babcock & Wilcox Company is perhaps the most helpful of its kind in existence in setting forth the elementary laws of steam engineering in a practical manner, and the authors are greatly indebted to it for many helpful items in the present work.

FIG. 244.-S. S. La Brea in ballast trim.

This is the first oil tank steamer equipped with reduction gear turbines. A product of a Western port, its features are representative of typical fuel
oil and steam engineering practice that will be encountered in future service on the Pacific Coast. By means of such efficient tankers as this much of the
foreign export trade in petroleum on the Pacific Coast is accomplished.

In regard to current aids in the technical press, the only paper in existence that devotes a regular department to the technical discussion of fuel oil and steam engineering is the Journal of Electricity published in San Francisco. This journal is now in its thirty-third year of publication and is the recognized authority on this line of discussion. Electrical World and POWER published in New York City also publish much timely and helpful data along the line of fuel oil and steam engineering.

The work of the Pacific Coast Section, N.E.L.A. along lines of fuel oil economy in steam power generation has proven most helpful. Through this means of expression the great power companies of the West which use oil as a fuel are contributing noteworthy aids to efficient uses of this product. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers constitute the two great national societies of professional status that are exceedingly helpful in fuel oil study.

APPENDIX III

RULES AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE NATIONAL BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS FOR THE STORAGE AND USE OF FUEL OIL AND FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF OIL BURNING EQUIPMENTS

CLASS A

LARGE SUPPLY OR STORAGE TANKS FOR OILS HAVING A FLASH POINT ABOVE 150°F.

(Abel-Pensky Flash Point Test)

This flash point corresponds closely to 160°Fahr. (Tagliabue Open Cup Tester) which may be used for rough estimations of the flash points. These storage tanks are generally used for storage in oil fields, oil refineries or distributing stations and are in most cases installed above ground. The hazards of such systems of storage depend upon the distance from burnable property and upon the topography of the surrounding land.