building at, in 1715, 284; tonnage of ves-
sels arrived at Quebec from 1764 to 1861,
274; tonnage of vessels built at, from
1791 to 1861, 286; exports of lumber from,
287; shipments of timber from, in 1860-
62, 289; export of wheat from, 290; total
exports from, in 1808, 292; number of im-
migrants arrived at, in 1850-61, 301.
Quebec group of rocks, 312.
Quebec Seminaries, 512-516.
Revenue and expenditures of Canada, 161,
162, 800, 801; of New Brunswick, 607,
617; of Nova Scotia, 702; of Prince Ed-
ward Island, 741.
Revenue of Canada from customs in 1851-
61, 800.
Revenue of Canadian post-offices in 1852
and 1860, 115.
Revenue of New Brunswick, from 1887 to
1860, 607.
Queen's county, New Brunswick, descrip- Richelieu river, directness of, 180; naviga-
tion of, 644.
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Railway policy in Canada, 247-248; injurious
effects of, 169-179.
Railways, early, in England, 187-190.
Railways, grain portage, in Canada, 236-238.
Railways in Canada, history of, 190-256.
Railways in New Brunswick, 604.
Railways in Nova Scotia, 695-697.
Railways, municipal in Canada, 214–221.
Railway traffic in Canada, how limited, 248.
Railway transactions in England, discredit-
able, 225-227.
Rain, fall of, at Toronto, 28-81; at Mon-
treal, 29.
Rains in New Brunswick, 558.
"Ramsay" lead mine, 320.
Rapids on the St. Lawrence, efforts made to
clear the channels of, 162, 163, 168; de-
scent of, by steamers, 168.
Reciprocity treaty, leading points of the,
296; table of imports showing the effect
of, 297.
Récollets, or Franciscans, the first mission-
aries and teachers in Canada, 534.
Regiopolis College (Catholic), opened at
Kingston in 1846, 895; founded by Bishop
M'Donnell, 437.
Religious census of Nova Scotia, 680.
Religious statistics of Newfoundland, 757.
Religious teaching in the public schools of
Canada, 416-419.
Religious worship in New Brunswick, 618.
Repair of roads in Canada, 105-110.
Reptiles of Nova Scotia, 675.
Resources, natural, of New Brunswick, 626;
of Nova Scotia, 666; of Prince Edward
Island, 734; of Newfoundland, 747.
Restigouché county, New Brunswick, do-
scription of, 627.
Restigouché river, 602.
tion of, 151; extent and cost of works on,
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River fisheries of New Brunswick, 583.
Rivers of Canada, peculiarities of, 129-181;
of New Brunswick, 600; of Nova Scotia
661; of Prince Edward Island, 729; of
Newfoundland, 747.
Road policy in Upper Canada, 125.
Roads, colonization, in Canada, 61, 805.
Roads in Canada, progress of, 116-124.
Roads in Lower Canada, 104–108.
Roads in New Brunswick, 603.
Roads in Nova Scotia, 699.
Roads in Prince Edward Island, 742.
Roads in Upper Canada, 109, 110, 125-128;
tables showing the length and cost of, 127,
128.
Roads of antiquity, remarks on, 102-104.
Robb, Professor, on the amount of coal in
New Brunswick, 360, 361.
Roberval, first viceroy of Canada, 268.
Robinson, Major, on the soil, climate, &c.,
of New Brunswick, 555.
Robinson, Sir John B., remarks of, on the
study of law in Canada (note), 446.
Rochefoucault, Duke le la, remarks of, on
education in Canada, in 1795, 876; on
education in Lower Canada, 490.
"Rocket," Stephenson's, speed attained by,
in 1830, 187.
Rock formations of Canada, 23-27.
Rocks, Laurentian system of in Canada, 23,
27, 810; Huronian system of, in Canada,
811; of the western peninsula of Canada,
Rocks of New Brunswick, primary, 585;
trap, 586; lower Silurian, 587; upper Si-
lurian, 587; red sandstone, 588; carbon-
iferous, 588.
Rocky Mountains, principal northern passes
in, 79.
Rolph, Dr. Thomas, remarks of, in relation
to common schools in Canada in 1882-3,
898.
Roman Catholic Church in Nova Scotia,
712.
Roman Catholics in Prince Edward Island,
788.
Roman Catholic separate schools in Canada,
422: sections of the act authorizing
(notes), 423-425.
Roman roads, ancient, remarks on, 103.
Roofing slate, important uses of 848; re-
marks of Prof. Hind and Sir Wm. Logan
on, 843; where found in Canada, 844;
sizes and prices of, 845; where found in
New Brunswick, 390.
Roof of Victoria Bridge, 263.
Root crops in Canada, increase in, 63.
Root crops, large, in New Brunswick, 559.
Royal Grammar School at Toronto, 431.
"Royal Institution for the Advancement of
Learning" in Lower Canada, 492, 494;
powers of, how limited, 535.
Rupert's Land, description of, 74-80.
Rust, damage done by, to the wheat-crops of
Canada, 57.
Rye, production of, in Canada, 60.
Ryerson, Rev. Dr., charter obtained by, for
Upper Canada Academy at Cobourg, 893;
biographical notice of (note), 393; remarks
of, on American teachers and text-books
(note), 394; appointed superintendent of
schools in Upper Canada in 1844, 899.
Sailing vessels, total tonnage of, engaged in
Canadian trade in 1858-61, 295.
St. Andrew's, New Brunswick, vessels en-
tered and cleared at, in 1849-55, 641.
St. Anne, in Lower Canada, agricultural
school at, 89.
adapted to steam navigation, 181; value
of trade via the, 298.
St. Lawrence river compared with the Mis-
sissippi, 129, 130.
St. Lawrence route of navigation, great ad-
vantages of for ocean steamers, 145; pro-
spective value of, to Canada, 298.
St. Mary's College in Nova Scotia, 708.
St. Michael's College at Toronto, 401, 438.
St. Michel, Industrial and Commercial Col-
lege of, in Lower Canada, 527.
St. Peter's Canal in Nova Scotia, 698.
St. Sulpice, theological seminary of, at Mon-
treal, 487.
Salaries, extravagant, of the officers of the
Grand Trunk Railroad Co., 212.
Salmon fisheries on the St. John river, 580;
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 583.
Salmon fishery of Newfoundland, 756.
Salmon-spearing in Labrador, 83-87.
Salt-springs, where found in New Bruns
wick, 596.
Sandstone, where found in New Brunswick,
Saskatchewan river, gold found near the
head waters of, 871.
Saskatchewan valleys, account of the, 76-78.
Sault Ste. Marie, a free port, 299; value of
imports at, 299.
Sault Ste. Marie colonization road, 306.
Savings Bank in Newfoundland, 759.
Savings Banks in New Brunswick, 618.
Saw-mills in Canada, 68; in New Bruns.
wick, 599; in Nova Scotia, 698.
Scenery of Nova Scotia, 663.
School, agricultural, at St. Anne, L. C., 39.
School apparatus, how supplied in Canada,
Ste. Anne de la Pocatière, Classical and In-School-books, American, remarks of Dr.
dustrial College of, 525.
Ste. Marie de la Beauce, Industrial and Com-
mercial College of, 528.
Ste. Marie de Monnoir, Classical and Indus-
trial College of, 527.
Ste. Thérèse de Blainville, Classical College
and Theological Seminary of, 525.
St. Francis Classical College, 528.
St. Francis Xavier's College in Nova Scotia,
708.
St. Germain de Rimouski, Industrial and
Commercial College of, 529.
St. Hyacinthe, Classical College and Theo-
logical Seminary of, 524.
St. John, city of, in New Brunswick, 637-
640; shipping and commerce of, 638.
St. John county, New Brunswick, descrip-
tion of, 637.
St. John river in New Brunswick, 600; fish-
eries on, 580.
St. John's City, Newfoundland, description
of, 760.
St. John's, railway from, to Laprairie, 190.
St. Joseph's College at Ottawa, 400, 487.
St. Lawrence and Atlantic line of railway pur-
chased by the Grand Trunk Company, 208.
St. Lawrence canals adapted to side-wheel
steamers, 180.
St. Lawrence river, description of, 16, 20;
appearance of French Canadian settle-
ments on, 35; early navigation of, 146-
150; improvement of, 161-169; table show-
ing extent and cost of works on, 177;
Ryerson on (note), 394.
School-books, uniform series of, adopted in
Canada, 412.
School for the deaf and dumb in Upper
Canada, 467.
School-houses in Nova Scotia, 705, 706.
School libraries in Canada, 414, 421; in Nova
Scotia, 706.
Schools in Canada, 878-541. See EDUCA
Schools in Lower Canada, 485-541.
Schools in New Brunswick, 615-617.
Schools in Newfoundland, 757.
Schools in Nova Scotia, 705.
Schools in Prince Edward Island, 739.
Schools in Upper Canada, 878-481.
Scientific institute in Upper Canada, 470.
Scientific observatories in Upper Canada,472.
Screw steamers, first lines of, between Liver-
pool and Canada, 142, 143.
Sea-going vessels built at Quebec, between
1791 and 1861, 286.
Seal fishery of Newfoundland, 754; statis-
tics of, 755.
Seaports, Canadian and American, compe-
tition between, 178.
Sea-shad fishery of the Bay of Fundy, 578.
Seasons, course of the, in New Brunswick,
557.
Seasons in Nova Scotia, 665.
Sedimentary rocks in Canada, area of, 23.
Seed necessary for a settler going into tho
bush, 804.
Selkirk, Earl of, Highlanders settled by on | Social progress of Nova Scotia, 719.
Prince Edward Island, 781.
Seminaries and academies in Canada, 438.
Seminaries at Quebec, 512-516.
Separate schools in Canada, 422-429.
Separation of Canada into Upper and Lower,
Settlement of New Brunswick, 543; of
Nova Scotia by English and Germans,
658; of Prince Edward Island, 780-783;
of Newfoundland, 744.
Settlers going into the bush, provisions,
seeds, and implements necessary for, 304.
Sexes, relative proportion of, in Nova
Scotia, 683.
Shale, bituminous, where found in New
Brunswick, 594.
Shareholders, English, in the Grand Trunk,
self-deceived, 202-211.
Shell-fish in the Bay of Fundy, 579.
Shell-fish of Nova Scotia, 676.
Shell marl, where found in Canada, 342.
Sherbrooke, Industrial and Commercial Col-
lege of, 529.
Ship-building in Canada, 284-286; in New
Brunswick, 597; in Nova Scotia, 692; in
Prince Edward Island, 787; in New-
foundland, 753.
Shipping of New Brunswick, in 1854-1860,
599; of Nova Scotia, 692; on the great
lakes, 135, 141.
Ships built in Nova Scotia, in 1853-1861,
Shows, agricultural, in Lower Canada, 38;
in Upper Canada, 45-47.
Shubenacadie Canal in Nova Scotia, 697.
Shubenacadie, gypsum found on the banks
of, 353.
Side-wheel steamers admitted by the St.
Lawrence canals, 180.
Silver fir in New Brunswick, 573.
Silver, where found in Canada, 829.
Simcoe, Governor, roads opened by, in Can-
ada, 112; biographical sketch of (note),
875; letter of, to the Bishop of Quebec, in
relation to education in Canada, 378.
Simpson, Sir George, governor of the Hud-
son's Bay Co., 281.
Sisters de l'Assomption, 587.
Sisters of Providence, 537.
Sisters of St. Anne, 537.
Sisters of the Presentation, 587.
Six nation Indians, school for in Upper
Canada, 877.
Sketch of the early history of New Bruns-
wick, 542-546.
Slate, important uses of, 848; remarks of
Prof. Hind and Sir William Logan on,
843; where found in Canada, 344; sizes
and prices of, 345; where found in New
Brunswick, 593.
Slides for timber on the Ottawa, 156.
Slides on Canadian rivers, cost of, 178.
Smelting works in Canada, 316-318, 319.
Smith, Mr. M., remarks of, on the state of
education in Canada in 1808-12, 383.
Societies, agricultural, in Lower Canada, 87;
in Upper Canada, 42-51.
Societies, literary, of Upper Canada, 470;
of Lower Canada, 589.
Soil, deterioration of, in Canada from over-
cropping, 54.
Soils of Canada, 22; of New Brunswick, 555;
of Nova Scotia, 667-673; of Prince Ed-
ward Island, 784; of Newfoundland, 749.
"South Joggins Section" of New Bruns-
wick, 352.
South Saskatchewan valley, 77.
Spearing salmon by torch-light in Labrador,
Special schools in Lower Canada, 582.
Springs, mineral, abundant in New Bruns
wick, 596.
Spring wheat, yield of, per acre in Canada,
58.
Spruce, black and white, in New Bruns-
wick, 561-573.
Square timber, amount brought to market
in Canada in 1845 and 1847, 289.
Stage-coaches in Nova Scotia, 699.
Stages, the first established in Canada, 118-
115.
State endowments of education in Upper
Canada, 481.
Statistical account of New Brunswick, 552.
Statistics of Canadian railways, 193–196.
Statistics of education in Upper Canada,
479-481; in Lower Canada, 540.
Statistics, population, &c., of Nova Scotia,
677-638.
Statistics, religious, of Newfoundland,
757.
Steamboats, introduction of, on Canadian
waters, 118, 114, 187-141; number, ton-
nage, and value of, on the great lakes,
141; Canadian, registered in 1861, 295;
table of number and tonnage of, built in
Canada, 136, 141; Canadian, registered in
1861, 295; total tonnage of, engaged in
Canadian trade in 1858-61, 295.
Steamers, ocean, Canadian, 141-146; lines
of, from Halifax, 698.
Steatite, where found in Canada, 384.
Stephenson, George, improvements made
in locomotives by, 187-189.
Stephenson railway gauge, sufficiency of,
255.
Stone, Lithographic, where found in Can-
ada, 334.
Strachan, Dr. (Bishop of Toronto), bio-
graphical notice of (note), 380; grammar-
school opened by, at Cornwall, in 1804,
381; theological college established by, at
Cobourg, 435.
Street railways in Toronto and Montreal,
255; of little value in winter, 236,
Subsidies granted by the government of
Canada to ocean steamship companies,
148, 144,
Sugar, maple, manufacture of, in New
Brunswick, 566,
Smyth, Maj. Gen., governor of New Bruns-Sugar maple of New Brunswick, 564.
Snow at Toronto, fall of, 28-81.
Snow in New Brunswick, 557.
where found in Canada, 334.
Sulphate of Barytes, where found in Can-
ada, 884; where found in New Brunswick,
595.
Soapstone found in New Brunswick, 596; Summary of educational institutions in
Telegraph, electric, in Canada, 266; in Nova
Scotia, 267, 701; in New Brunswick, 267,
605; in Prince Edward Island, 742; in
Newfoundland, 759.
Temiscouata colonization road, 306.
Temperature, comparative, at Hamilton,
Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec, 29; table
of, at Toronto, 30; influence of the rivers
upon, in Canada, 129; ranges of, in New
Brunswick, 556, 557; comparative, of
Nova Scotia, 664; in Prince Edward
Island, 735; in Newfoundland, 751.
Tenure of land in New Brunswick, 612.
Territories of the Hudson's Bay Co., 282,
278.
Text-books, Irish national series of, adopted
in Canada, 414.
Text-books, theological, in use in Upper
Canada colleges, 441-448.
Theological Institute, established by the
Congregationalists at Toronto, in 1840,
Theological Schools in Lower Canada, 532.
Three Rivers, St. Maurice forges at, 319.
Timber, Canadian, prices of, 65; quantity
and value of exports of, 66; British Amer-
ican, whither exported, 288; shipments
of, from Quebec in 1860-62, 289; prices of
at Quebec, in 1858-61, 289.
Timber rafts on the great lakes, 157.
Timber slides on the Ottawa, 156.
Timber territories of Canada, 67.
Timber trees of New Brunswick, 561-564.
Titanium, ore of, found at Bay St. Paul,
819.
Toll-gates on roads in Upper Canada, 124.
Tonnage of vessels at Canadian ports in
1853-61, 294.
| Torch-light, spearing salmon by, in Lab-
rador, 88-87.
Toronto, climate of, 28-81; street railways
in, 255,
Toronto an Indian village in 1777, 100.
Toronto School of Medicine, 452, 458.
Towns and villages in Nova Scotia, 720.
Tracks of wild animals the first roads, 116.
Trade of Canada, early, 268-275; with
France, 273; total value of, 294; total ton-
nage engaged in, 295; with the United
States, 299; total amount of, with the
United States, 277; channels of, 298.
Trades, professions, and occupations in
Nova Scotia, 680.
Transportation, ancient modes of, 102; facil-
ities for in winter in Canada, 117.
Travel and Transportation in Canada, 99-
256; in New Brunswick, 600-605.
Travel in Canada, progress of, 110-115; fa-
cilities for, in winter, 117.
Traveller, American, remarks of, in relation
to education in Canada in 1794-9, 375.
"Trawl" fishing, injurious results of, 689.
Treaty, the Reciprocity, leading points of,
296; table of imports showing the effect
of, 297.
Trees, enormous destruction of, in Canada,
64, 70.
Trees, forest, in New Brunswick, 561-574;
in Newfoundland, 749.
Trinity College University, faculty of di-
vinity established in, 485, regulations of
the theological faculty in, 436.
Trustees of public schools in Upper Canada
in 1807 (note), 382.
Tubes of the Victoria Bridge, 259–263.
Turnips, production of, in Canada, 60.
Turnpike roads in Canada, 122.
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University of Queen's College, at Kingston,
charter granted to in 1841, 897; remarks
on, 460; course in the faculty of arts in,
466; law course, 447, 449; medical course
of, 451, 453.
University of Trinity College law course,
447; remarks on, 461; course in the
faculty of arts in, 466.
University of Toronto, buildings of, com-
pleted in 1859, 404; commissioners' re-
commendations for the reform and re-or-
ganization of, 405-407; law course in, 446,
448; remarks on, 457; course in the
faculty of arts in, 463; medical course of
450, 452.
University of Victoria College, Cobourg,
opened in 1841, 398; remarks on, 459
course in the faculty of arts in, 465; law
course in, 447; medical course of 451, 453.
Upper Canada, area of, 14; history of agri-
culture in, 39-41; forest industry in, 64-
74; travel and transportation in, 99-256;
history of railways in, 190-256; com-
merce and trade of, 268-307; mineral re-
Bources of, 308-350; education in, 378-
481.
Upper Canada College at Toronto, 481; en-
dowment obtained for, by Sir John Col-
borne, 392.
Ursulines, convent of, founded by Mme. La
Peltrie in Quebec, 1639, 585.
VALLEY of the Ottawa, resources of, 96.
Valley of the Saskatchewan, 76-80.
Vancouver Island and British Columbia,
mineral resources of, 865-371.
Varennes, Industrial and Commercial Col-
lege of, 530.
Vegetables and fruits in New Brunswick,
628.
Vercheres, Industrial and Commercial Col-
lege of, 529.
Vessels arrived at Quebec between 1764 and
1861, 274.
Vessels belonging to New Brunswick, in
1854-60, 599.
Vessels built at Quebec, between 1791 and
1861, 286.
Vessels built in New Brunswick, in 1825-
1860, bumber and tonnage of, 598.
Vessels, Canadian, registered in 1861, 296.
Vessels engaged in Canadian trade, total
tonnage of, in 1858-61, 295.
Vessels entered and cleared at Canadian
ports in 1853-1861, 294; at ports of New
Brunswick in 1849-1854, 607; at St. John,
New Brunswick, 1850-1855, 638; at St.
Andrew's, New Brunswick, in 1849-1855,
641; at ports of Nova Scotia, in 1861,
691, 692.
Vessels, number and tonnage of, owned in
New Brunswick in 1848-55, 606.
Vessels on the great lakes, number, value,
and tonnage of, 141.
Vessels, sailing, on the great lakes, 185;
table of number and tonnage of, built in
Canada, 136.
Victoria Bridge, account of the origin of,
257; description of, 258-263; cost of, 263.
Victoria county, New Brunswick, descrip-
tion of, 651.
Villages and towns in Nova Scotia, 720.
Voting for a "consideration" in Congress,
222.
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WASHADEMOAK Lake, New Brunswick, 601.
Water communications of Canada, 129-185.
Water of the great lakes, purity of, 19.
Welland canal, when projected, 150; history
of the, 171-176; table showing dimensions
and cost of, 177; locks on, not adapted to
side-wheel steamers, 180.
Welland Railway, importance of, for grain
portage, 236; amount of grain transferred
by, from lake to lake, 287.
"Wellington" copper mine, 823.
Wesleyan Academy opened at Cobourg in
1836, 393.
Wesleyan Academy in New Brunswick, 615.
Wesleyan Female College at Hamilton, 434.
Wesleyan theological text-books, 442.
Wesleyans in Prince Edward Island, 789.
Westmoreland county, New Brunswick, de
scription of, 633.
Wheat, product of, in Upper and Lower
Canada, 52-59; exports of, from Canada,
290, 291; transportation of, by portage rail-
ways, 236.
Wheat midge, ravages of, in Canada, 54, 55;
description of, 56.
Wild beasts and game in New Brunswick,
|