Batteau, description and history of the,
133, 134.

Bay of Chaleur cod, superiority of the, 581.
Bay of Chaleur, description of, 602.

Bay of Fundy, sea fisheries in, 574–580;
fogs on, 556.

Bays of Nova Scotia 661; Prince Edward
Island, 728; of Newfoundland, 747.
Beauharnois canal, length and course of, 167.
Beaver-skins, early tax on, 275.

Beaver, the, the present symbol of Canada,
275.

Beech, two species of, in New Brunswick,
563.

Belleville Seminary near Picton, 488.
Bichromate of potash, how manufactured in
Norway, 332.

Birch-bark canoe, how constructed, 131-133.
Birch, four species of, in New Brunswick,
563.

Birch-tree and bark, value of the, 133.
Birds of Nova Scotia, 675.

Bishop's College, Lennoxville, history of,
520 faculty of arts in, 521; faculty of
divinity in, 522.

Blind in Nova Scotia, 688.

Board of Works in Newfoundland, 758.

Canada, physical features of. 13-31; geo-
graphical surface of, 20; soils of, 22; cli-
mate of, 27; ngricultural history of, 32-
64; forest industry of, 64-74; Northwest
Territory of, 74–80; agricultural produc-
tions of 52-64; travel and transportation
in, 99-263; roads in, 102-128; water com-
munications of, 129-185; history of rail-
ways in, 190-256; action of, in favor of an
inter-colonial railway, 241; electric tel-
egraph in, 266; trade and commerce of
268-307; present trade of, 292-296; im-
migration into, 301-303; mineral resources
of, 308-350; historical sketch of education
in, 378-541.

Canada Gold Mining Co., operations of, 330.
Canada Presbyterian Church, college of, at

Toronto, 488; text-books adopted by, 442.
Canadian age of iron and brass, 221.
Canadian guarantee law of 1849, unguarded,

220.

Canadian Institute at Ottawa, 471.
Canadian Institute at Toronto, 471.
Canadian Literary Institute at Woodstock,

434.

Bog iron ores of Canada, 819.

Bog soils of Nova Scotia, 673.

Bois brulés, or half breeds, Canadian, 87.
Books, value of, imported into Canada in
1850-61, 476.

Botanical Society of Canada, 51, 472.
Boundaries of Canada, 13.
Boundary of New Brunswick settled by
treaty, 1842, 551.

Breadth of beam of vessels admitted by the
St. Lawrence and Welland canals, 182.
Bridge over the St. Lawrence, plans, for, 265.
Bridges in Canada, cost of construction of,
127.

Bridge, the Victoria, origin of, 257; de-
scription of, 258-263; cost of, 263.
Bridle and winter roads in Canada, 116-119.
British Columbia and Vancouver Island,
mineral resources of, 365–371.
British Columbia, influence of, on the set-
tlement of the Saskatchewan, 78, 80; com-
munications with, 79.

British government, early policy of, in re-
gard to education in Canada, 375.
Brothers of St. Joseph, 587.
Bruce copper mines, 322, 323.
Buffalo, Brantford and Goderich Railway,
history of, 234–236.

Buildings in Newfoundland, 757.
Buller, Arthur, remarks of, on education in
Lower Canada in 1888 (note), 501.
Burlington Bay, railway from, to London,

190.

Bush, list of articles necessary for a settler
going into the, 304.

Butternut tree in New Brunswick, 569.

CALECHE, description of the, 111.
Campbell, Mr. John, gold found by, near
Halifax, 357.

Camping in the Canadian woods in winter,

91.

Canadian securities in England, 200.
Canadians, not morally responsible" for
the failure of the Grand Trunk Railway,
205, 211.

Canadian tariffs, 300.

Canadian trade, total tonnage engaged in, in
1858-61, 295.

Canals in Canada, 149-156, 158-185; table
showing dimensions and cost of, 177; re-
marks on the system of, 181.
Canals in connection with the St. Lawrence,
16, 19, 20.

Canals in Nova Scotia, 697.

Canoe, bark, description of the, 181-133.
Capes of Prince Edward Island, 729.
Capital of the Hudson's Bay Company in
1856, 281.

Carboniferous districts of Nova Scotia, soils
of, 670.

Cariboo district on Frazer River, 867.
Carioles, description of and mode of travel-
ling in, 90.

Carleton, county, New Brunswick, descrip-
tion of, 649.

Carleton, Sir Guy, governor of New Bruns-
wick in 1785, 544.

Cartier, Jacques, the St. Lawrence discov-
ered by, 268.

Catalogue of useful minerals found in Can-
ada, 313-315.

Catholic college of Regiopolis opened st
Kingston in 1846, 395.

Cattle, climate of New Brunswick favorable
to the rearing of, 560.

Cedar, the white, in New Brunswick, 571.
Census, religious, of Nova Scotia, 680.
Chair of agriculture in Upper Canada, 51.
Chambly canal, when projected, 150.
Chambly Industrial College, 525.
Channels of Canadian trade, 298.
Characteristics and cost of Canadian canals,

177.

Charlotte county, New Brunswick, descrip-
tion of, 640.

595.

Christian Brothers' Schools in Canada, 586.
Chromic iron, where found in Canada, 371.
Church of England parochial schools in
Upper Canada, 429.

Church of England Schools of theology in
Canada, 435; text-books used in, 441.
Church of Rome, schools of theology of, in
Upper Canada, 437; text-books used in
the theological schools of, 441.
Church of Scotland, university of, at King-
ston, 438; theological text-books of, 441.
Churches in New Brunswick, 618; in Nova
Scotia, 712, 713; in Prince Edward Island,
738; in Newfoundland, 757.

Civil List, revenue, and expenditure of New
Brunswick, 617.

Classical and Industrial College of Ste.
Anne de la Pocatière, 525; of Ste. Marie
de Mannoir, 527.

Classical College and Theological Seminary
of Montreal, 523; of Nicolet, 524; of St.
Hyacinthe, 524; of Ste. Thérèse de Blain-
ville, 525.

Classical College of Three Rivers, 580.
Classical schools in Canada in 1785 and 1789,
876.

Clay, plastic, where found in New Bruns-
wick, 594.

Clearing wild land in New Brunswick, 621.
Clergy, American, in Canada, restrictions
on, 376.

Clergymen, number of, in New Brunswick,
613.

Climate of Canada, 27-31; of New Bruns-
wick, 556; of Nova Scotia, 663-666; of
Prince Edward Island, 735; of Newfound-
land. 750.

Cloth manufactured in Upper Canada, 68.
Cloudy days at Toronto, table of, 30.
Coal, not found in Canada, 309; extensive
fields of, in Nova Scotia, 850; amount of,
exported at Pictou in 1858; important
mines of, at Cape Breton, 351; amount
raised in Nova Scotia in 1851; in New
Brunswick, 352, 360, 363; in Newfound-
land, 360; found in British Columbia and
Vancouver Island, 369; mining for, at
Naniamo, 370; amount exported from
Naniano, 371.

Coal, bituminous, where found in New
Brunswick, 590.

Coal measures of New Brunswick, 860, 588.
Cobalt, traces of, found in Canada, 329.
Cod fishery in the Bay of Fundy, 575; on
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 580; of New-
foundland, 753.

Coins, value of, in New Brunswick, 618.
Colborne, Sir John, endowment obtained by,
for Upper Canada College, 392.
College preparatory schools in Canada, 433.
Colleges in Lower Canada, 508-540.
Colleges in Upper Canada, 431-467; theologi-
cal text-books adopted in, 441-443.

Colonization roads in Canada, 61, 805.
Colored separate schools in Canada, 428.
Columbia, British, gold discoveries in, 365-
867.

Commerce and navigation in New Bruns-
wick, 606-609.

Commerce and trade of Canada, 268-307; of

Nova Scotia, 690; of Prince Edward Is-
land, 787; of Newfoundland, 756.
Common School Act of Upper Canada, the
first appropriations under, 384.
Common Schools in Canada, from 1816 to
1822, 384; in New Brunswick, 615-617;
in Nova Scotia, 705; in Upper Canada,
grants for, 419; increase in the number of
420.

Common school system of America, re-
marks of Dr. Duncombe on, 396.

Common school system of Upper Canada,
distinctive features of, 409; permanency
of, 411; support of, not compulsory on the
municipalities, 412; text-books, maps, &c.,
used in, 413-415; religious character of
416.

Communications of Canada, by water, 129-
183.

"Company of Canada," 270.
"Company of One Hundred Partners," 269.
Conference at Toronto, in relation to an inter-
colonial railway, 239.

Congregational Church in Nova Scotia, 713.
Congregational College of British North
America, 440; text-books used in, 448.
Constitution of Nova Scotia, 716.
Continental Church and School Society, 536.
Convents in Upper Canada, 430, 435.
Contractors, American railroad, extensive
operations of, 222-224.

Contractors of the Grand Trunk Co., gov-
erament controlled by, 210.
Contracts of the Grand Trunk Co., defective
provisions of, 209.

Contracts, railroad, item, and per mile, com-
pared, 232.

Copper Bay mine, 323.

Copper, gray sulphuret of, found in New
Brunswick, 592.

Copper mines of Lake Huron, produce of
323; at Acton, 325-328; Ascot, 326.
Copper mining in the lake region, 321-323;
in Canada East, 324-827.
Copper on Lake Superior, found in 1687, 271.
Copper ores found in great abundance in

Canada, 321; discoveries of, in New Bruns-
wick, 362; in Newfoundland, 864; in
Vancouver Island, 367.

Copper pyrites, deposits of, in New Bruns-
wick, 363.

Corduroy roads in Canada, 119.

Corn Indian, production of, in Canada, 60.
Cornwall canal, history of the, 167.
Corporate names of railways in Canada,
193-196.

Cost of public works connected with inland
navigation in Canada, 179, 180.
Cost of railways in Canada, 195.
Coteau locks, tolls taken at, in 1818-24, 148.
Cottages, French Canadian, on the St. Law-
rence, 85.

Counties, description of New Brunswick by,
627-653.

Coureurs du Bois, Canadian, mode of life
of, 87.

Course of study in the faculty of arts in
Canadian universities, 468.

Course of the seasons in New Brunswick,
557.

Courts of New Brunswick, 610; of Nova
Scotia, 717; of Prince Edward Island, 740;
of Newfoundland, 758.
Criminals, juvenile, schools for, in Upper
Canada, 468; reformatory school for, at
Isle aux Noix, 588.

Cronyn, Dr., Bishop of Huron, theological
college, proposed by, 437.
Crooks, Mr. Wm., remarks of, on the state
of education in Canada in 1818, 387.
Crops in New Brunswick, average produce
of, 560.

Crosby iron mine, on the Rideau Canal, 816.
Crown lands of Nova Scotia, 702.
Crown lands surveyed and for sale in Can-
ada, 803.

Crystalline rocks in Canada, area of, 23.
Culture of wheat in Canada, 58.

Currency, provincial, of Nova Scotia, 703.
Customs revenue of Canada in 1851-61, 300.

DALHOUSIE College in Nova Scotia, 708.
Dams suggested as a means of flooding
shoals on the St. Lawrence, 169.
Dawson, Dr., remarks of, on the iron ore of
Nova Scotia, 354–356.

Day in the wilderness of Canada, 88-90.
Deaf and Dumb Asylums in Lower Canada,
588.

Deaf and Dumb in Nova Scotia, 688; insti-
tutions for, 711.

Deaf and Dumb School in Upper Canada, 467.
Deaths in Nova Scotia, 681, 682.

Debt, public, of Nova Scotia, 708; of Prince
Edward Island, 741.
Defence, importance of an inter-colonial
railway for, 245-247.

Denonville, M. D., hostility of, to English
trading in Canada in 1686, 271; letter of,
to Gov. Dongan, 272.

Deposits, superficial, of Canada, 318; tertiary,
of New Brunswick, 589.
Descriptive account of New Brunswick,
552; by counties, 627-658.
Destroyers of wheat in Canada, 54-57.
Directness of Canadian navigation, 130.
Discovery and early fortunes of Nova Scotia,
654-659.

Diseases, ordinary, in New Brunswick, 622;
in Nova Scotia, 681, 682.

"Documents de Paris," early history of
Canada contained in, 27.
Dogs, employment of, in winter travelling

in Canada, 90-94.

Doolittle, Rev. L., Bishop's College, Len-
noxville, projected by, 520.

Dongan, Governor, letter of, to Denonville
(note), 272; letter of, on beaver hunting,
276.

Dorchester, Lord, action of, in relation to
education in Canada, 877.

Douglas, Sir Howard, governor of New
Brunswick, 1824, 546.
Douglastown, destruction of, in the great
Miramichi fire, 550.

Duncombe, Dr., remarks of, on the Com-
mon Schools of America in 1836, 396.
Dundas Street, established by Governor
Simcoe, 113.

Durham boat, history and description of
the, 134.

Durham boats, expenses of, from Lachine
to Kingston, 148; capacity of, 149: time
and expense of, from Kingston to Lachine,
149; trade done in, 149.

Durham, Lord, inter-colonial railway pro-
posed by, 288; remarks of, on education
in Lower Canada, 502.

EARLY educational efforts in Upper Canada,

374; in Lower Canada, 1632-1759, 485–488.
Early history of New Brunswick, 542-546;
of Nova Scotia, 654-659; of Prince Ed-
ward Island, 729-788; of Newfoundland,
714-747.

Early navigation of the St. Lawrence, 146-
150.

Early roads in Canada, 111, 112, 116.
Early trade of Canada, 268-275.

Earnings and expenses of railways in
Canada, 196

Ecclesiastical condition of Nova Scotia,
711-714.

Educational communities in Lower Canada,
584.

Educational department for Upper Canada,
421.

Educational legislation in Upper Canada,
from 1806 to 1816, 381.
Educational statistics of Lower Canada, 540.
Education in Lower Canada, historical
sketch of, 485-542; indebted to the Catho-
lic Church, 488; from 1759 to 1800, 435-
491; progress of, from 1801 to 1818, 491-
495; from 1819 to 1835, 495-499; from
1886 to 1840, 499-508; progress of, from
1841 to 1845, 503-506; from 1856 to 1862,
506-508; public aid to, in 1862, 540; table
showing the progress of, in 1853-761, 541;
parliamentary grants for, 541.
Education in New Brunswick, 614-623.
Education in Newfoundland, 757.

Education in Nova Scotia, 704-711.
Education in Prince Edward Island, 789.
Education in Upper Canada, historical
sketch of, 878-481; history of, from 1783
to 1805, 874; legislation in regard to,
from 1806 to 1816, 881; remarks of Mr.
M. Smith on the state of, in 1808-12,
883; popular, from 1816 to 1822, 384:
Mr. Gourlay's remarks on, in 1817, 885;
letter of Mr. Wm. Crooks in relation
to, in 1818, 887; fitful progress of, from
1822 to 1836, 390; parliamentary inquiry
as to, and its results, from 1886 to 1848,
895; progress of, from 1844 to 1858, 399;
higher and intermediate, from 1858 to
1860, 401; summary of institutions for,
407; progress of, 419; government office
of, 421; additional supplementary aids
to, 476; endowments for, 477; number,
character, and value of institutions for,

478, 479; tables showing the progress of,
from 1842 to 1861, 480, 481.
Education office in Upper Canada, 421.
Electric Telegraph in Canada, 266; in New
Brunswick, 267, 605; in Nova Scotia, 267,
701; in Prince Edward Island, 742; in
Newfoundland, 759.

Elementary Schools in Lower Canada, 534.
Elgin colonization road in Lower Canada,
62, 306.

Elgin, Earl of, remarks by, on the educational
system of Canada, 416.

Elm, the white and red in New Brunswick,
566-568.

Emigration of American loyalists to Canada,
101.

Endowments, educational in Upper Canada,
477.

England, discreditable railroad transactions
in, 225, 227.

Enniskillen, petroleum found at, 846; yield
of oil at, 349; export of petroleum from,
to England, 350.

Episcopal Church in Nova Scotia, 712.
Episcopalians in Prince Edward Island, 739.
Europe, large export of lumber to, 68.
Exhibitions of the Agricultural Association
of Canada West, 44-48.
Expenditure and revenue of Canada, 161,
162, 300, 301; of New Brunswick, 617; of
Nova Scotia, 702; of Prince Edward Is-
land, 741.

Exports and imports between Canada and
the United States in 1850-60, 299.
Exports and imports of New Brunswick,
from 1823 to 1860, 607; of Nova Scotia,
690, 691; of Prince Edward Island, 738;
of Newfoundland in 1845-1859, 756.
Exports from Canada, in 1852-'61, value of,
294.

Exports from Canada to the United States
in 1851-61, 297.

Exports of fish from New Brunswick, in
1850-1855, 585; from Newfoundland, 756.
Exports of lumber from Quebec, 287.
Exports of planks and boards from Canada
to the United States, 69.

Exports of wheat from Canada, 52, 58, 290,
291.

Exports to Great Britain from foreign and
Colonial ports in 1880, 292.

Exports, total, from Quebec, in 1808, 292.
Exports via the St. Lawrence in 1857-61,
value of, 298.

Express Companies in Canada, 248-251.
Extravagance of the Grand Trunk Railroad
Company, 212.

"FABRIQUE" School Act in Lower Canada,
provisions of, 498,

Fabrique Schools in Lower Canada, 586.
Failure of the Grand Trunk Railway, causes
of, 206-214.

Fall of rain at Toronto, 28, 81; at Montreal, 29.
Fares, cheap, influence of, on railroad travel,
248-250.

Farm practice in Lower Canada, 84.

Farms, French Canadian, divisions of, 33.
Farms in Upper Canada, value of, 63.
Felspar, where found in New Brunswick,
595,

Fertile Belt of the North-West Territory,
76-78; fertility of, 80.

Fever and ague unknown in New Bruns-
wick, 556.

Fire, great destruction of pine forests by, 70.
Fire, the great Miramichi, of 1825, 546-551.
First establishment of common schools in
Canada, 884.

Fish cured in Nova Scotia in 1851 and 1861,
688.

Fish, dried, exported from Newfoundland in
1849 and 1857, 754.

Fish exported from New Brunswick, in
1850-1855, 585.

Fish, fresh-water, of Newfoundland, 749.
Fish of Nova Scotia, 675.
Fisheries of New Brunswick, 574-585; of
Nova Scotia, 688; of Prince Edward Island,
785, 787; of Newfoundland, 753-756.
Fitful progress of education in Canada from
1822 to 1836, 390.

Fogs on the Bay of Fundy, 556.
Forest, tables of the produce of, in Canada,
71, 72; Canadian, value of the products of,
from 1853 to 1861, 287; product of, in
New Brunswick in 1849-1855, 574; in
Prince Edward Island, 784.

Forest industry of Canada, 64–74.
Forest-trees in New Brunswick, 561-574.
Forges, iron, at Three Rivers and in Batis-
can, 319.

Form of government of New Brunswick,
609; of Nova Scotia, 714; of Prince Ed-

ward Island, 739; of Newfoundland, 758.
"Forty Thieves," the, in the American Con-
gress, 225.

Fossiliferous rocks of Canada, area of, 27.
Frazer river, gold discoveries on, 366.
Fredericton, in New Brunswick, settlement
of, 544.

Free grants of lands in Canada, 803; condi-
tions of, 306.

Free ports, Canadian, value of imports at,
299.

Freight traffic on Canadian railroads, 250.
French Canadian farms, divisions of, 33.
French population removed from Nova
Scotia in 1755, 658.

French River and Ottawa navigation, 159-
161.

Friends' Seminary, near Picton, 898-433.
Frontenac and Madawaska colonization
road, 306.

"Frontenac," the first steamer on Lake On-
tario, 138.

Front roads in Lower Canada, 105.
Frost and snow, travel and transport facill-
tated by, in Canada, 117-119.
Frosts in New Brunswick, effect of, on the
land, 558.

Fruit-growers' Association for Upper Can-
ada, 48.

Fruits and vegetables in New Brunswick,623.
Fulton, how far indebted to Symington, 137.
Furs and skins exports of, from Canada in
1853-61, 284.

Fur trade of Canada, 275–284.

GALENA, where found in Canada, 320.
Game and wild beasts in New Brunswick,
624.

Gaspé Basin, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, a
free port, 299; value of imports at, 299.
Gaspé, steam and sailing vessels built at, 186.
Gauge on Canadian railways, 253-255.
General Mining Association of Nova Scotia,
350, 852.

General Railroad Law of New York, 234.
Geographical surface of Canada, 20-22.
Geological structure of Canada, 310–313.
Geology of New Brunswick, 585–590.
Gloucester county, New Brunswick, descrip-
tion of, 629.

Goderich, Brantford and Buffalo Railway,
history of, 234–236.
Gold, discoveries of, in Canada, 830; in Nova
Scotia, 356-359; amount of, obtained by
the Canada Gold Mining Co., in 2851-2,
831 amount obtained in Nova Scotia, 359;
discoveries of, in British Columbia, 365-
867; discoveries of, in Vancouver Island,
867; yield of, in British Columbia, 368,
869; discoveries of, in the North-West Ter-
ritory, 371.

Gold-fields of Nova Scotia, 357, 358; sur-
veyed and divided, 359; advantages of,
360; of British Columbia, 366.
Gore, Governor, trustees of public schools
in Upper Canada appointed by, in 1807,
(note), 882.

Gourlay, Mr. Robert, remarks of, on the state
of education in Canada in 1817, 385.
Government buildings at Ottawa, 96.
Government, form of, in New Brunswick,
609 in Nova Scotia, 714; in Prince (Ed-
ward Island, 739; in Newfoundland, 758.
Government, imperial, action of, in relation
to an inter-colonial railway, 242.
Governors of Nova Scotia, list of, from 1710
to 1858, 725.

Governors of Prince Edward Island, list of,
from 1770 to 1859, 741.

Graded roads in Canada, 120; length and cost
of, 127, 128.

Grain portage railways in Canada, 236-238.
Grammar schools in Canada, letter of the
Duke of Portland in relation to, 379; ef-
forts of government for the establishment
of, 379; Dr. Baldwin's and Mr. Strachan's,
881; masters of, in 1818 (note), 389; dis-
trict schools converted into, in 1839, 897;
improvements made in, in 1853, 402.
Grammar schools in New Brunswick, 614.
Grammar schools in Nova Scotia, 706,
Grand Banks of Newfoundland, 751.
Grand Lake, New Brunswick, 601.
Grand Seminaire at Montreal, 523.
Grand Seminary at Quebec, 513.
Grand Trunk Railway, history of the, 197-
206; causes of failure of the. 206-214;
amount of aid granted to by government,
218; no return trattic on, 247; connection
of express companies with, 250-258.
Granite, where found in New Brunswick,

592.

Grants, free, of lands in Canada, 303; con-
ditions of, 306.

Grants made by Canada to the Grand Trunk
Railway Co., 208.

Grants, parliamentary, for educational pur-
poses in Canada, from 1832 to 1861, 541.
Graphite, where found in New Brunswick,
591.

HABITANS, tenacity of, for old customs, 105,
Hackmatack, or American larch, in New
Brunswick, 562.

Haddock fishery in the Bay of Fundy, 577..
Hake fishery in the Bay of Fundy, 576; in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 581.
Halibut fishery in the Bay of Fundy, 578.
Halifax, history and description of, 721-723.
Harbors of New Brunswick, 627-653; of

Nova Scotia, 662; of Prince Edward
Island, 729; of Newfoundland, 747.
Harvey Hill copper mine, 326.
Hastings colonization road, 305.
Hay, production of, in Canada, 60.
Healthfulness of New Brunswick, 556; of
Nova Scotia, 666.

Hemlock spruce of New Brunswick, 568.
Herring fishery of the Bay of Fundy, 577; in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 582.
Herring fishery of Newfoundland, 755,
Hessian fly, ravages of, in Canada, 56
Highlanders, settled on Prince Edward
Island by the Earl of Selkirk, 781.
Hind, Professor, remarks of, on the value and
uses of gypsum, 840; on slate, 343.
Historical sketch of education in Upper Can-
ada, 873-481; in Lower Canada, 485-542.
History, early, of New Brunswick, 542-52;
of Nova Scotia, 654-659; of Prince Ed-
ward Island, 729-788; of Newfoundland,
744-747.

History of the Hudson's Bay Company, 279-

284.