have no daily newspaper. There are six of the Halifax papers that are published tri-weekly, on alternate days. Some are morning and some are evening papers. Four of the Halifax weeklies are in the interest of religious denominations. There is also a monthly sheet devoted to the cause of total abstinence. The principal publishing house in Halifax is that of A. & W. Mackinley. The greater part of their publications are school-books. The principal literary productions of Nova Scotia are those of Judge Haliburton (Sam Slick), John Young, Esq., Principal Dawson (now of McGill College, Montreal), Professor Lyall, and the Rev. George Patterson. Haliburton's History of Nova Scotia is a standard work of over seven hundred and fifty pages octavo. It brings the history of the province down only to the year 1828. The lighter writings of the judge, under the nom de plume of Sam Slick, are very popular, and widely known. The "Letters of Agricola," by John Young, Esq., have been already referred to. Dr. Dawson's works are chiefly on geology. His Acadian Geology and Archia are widely and very favorably known, both in Europe and America. His Remarks on Agricul ture and Husbandry are also very valuable. His attainments in natural science are not second to those of any on this continent, while his style, for simplicity, elegance, terseness, and quiet power, is equalled only by very few living naturalists. "Intellect, Emotions, and the Moral Nature," has ranked Professor Lyall already with the foremost thinkers and writers of the present day. "Memoirs of Dr. McGregor," by the Rev. George Patterson, is a work of much interest and well written. The late Dr. MacCulloch was a writer of no ordinary power, and has left behind him some theological works. The Hon. Joseph Howe, the present premier of Nova Scotia, is one of our most beautiful and effective writers. He has produced some political brochures of great power—always written in a fascinating style. No poet of any mark has yet made his appearance in Nova Scotia. There are numerous versifiers among us, but hardly any that has arisen to the dignity of a poet. The nearest approach to poetry has been made by some of our female writers. The following list of the governors of Nova Scotia is from Haliburton's History, as far as it comes down, and the remaining ones from personal knowledge: AT ANNAPOLIS ROYAL. 1. Colonel Vetch, Governor.. October 22, 1710. 2. Francis Nicholson, Esq.. 1714. 3. Richard Philips, Esq. 1719. 4. John Doucet, Esq., Senior Councillor, administers government 1722. 5. Lawrence Armstrong. Esq., Lieutenant-Governor... 6. John Adams, Esq., Senior Councillor..... .December 8, 1739. 7. Paul Mascarene, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor.. 1725. 1740. AT HALIFAX. Edward Cornwallis, Governor, July 14..... Charles Lawrence, Senior Councillor, Nov. 1.... do do Lieutenant-Governor, Oct. 21. Governor, July 23.. 1749 1752 1753 1754 1756 1760 Jonathan Belcher, Lieutenant-Governor, Nov. 21.. Jonathan Belcher administers government, Oct. 9. Mr. Ellis, late Governor of Georgia, is appointed Governor of Montague Wilmot, Lieutenant-Governor, Sept. 26.. Right Hon. Lord Wm. Campbell, Governor, Nov. 27. 1766 Benjamin Green, Senior Councillor, Oct. 30... 1771 1772 Lord Wm. Campbell resumes government, July 13.. Sir Andrew Snope Hammond, Lieut. Governor, July 31. Sir George Prevost, Lieut. Governor, April 13.. 1808 Alexander Croke, Senior Councillor, Dec. 17. 1808 1809 1811 1811 Major-General Darrock, Commander-in-chief, Aug. 26... 1814 1814 Major-General Geo. Tracy Smith, Commander-in-chief, June 27 1816 Lieut. General Right Hon. Geo. Earl of Dalhousie, Lieut. Gov ernor, Oct. 24... Michael Wallace, Senior Councillor, Sept. 13. Lord Dalhousie, resumes May 1... Sir James Kempt, Lieut. Governor, June 2. Michael Wallace, Senior Councillor, May 19. 1816 1818 1819 1820 1824 Sir James Kempt, do Michael Wallace, 1825 Sir James Kempt, do Michael Wallace, do Sir Peregrine Mailand do. 1828 During one hundred and fifty-five years, the province had fortynine administrators of its government. SABLE ISLAND. This little island is a dependency of Nova Scotia. It is between 44 degrees and 43 degrees and 54 minutes north latitude, and between 60 degrees 12 minutes and 59 degrees 40 minutes west longitude. It is about eighty-seven geographical miles from Cape Canseau, the nearest point in Nova Sectia to it. It is over twenty-five miles in length, and varies from one to two miles in breadth. It is merely a sand-bank thrown up by the sea and wind. Its highest hillocks are one hundred feet high. Coarse grass, cranberry and whortleberry bushes cover the greater part of its surface. It is famous chiefly as the scene of numerous shipwrecks, for its position is in the usual track of ships sailing between Great Britain and Nova Scotia, and is sur rounded by shoals, which are very dangerous to navigators. A superintendent and a staff of men are now placed on the island, and maintained at the joint expense of Nova Scotia and Great Britain, for the express purpose of affording assistance and protection to distressed seamen. Its cost to Nova Scotia for the year 1860 was $3,854.44. The island is visited statedly by a government vessel, for the two-fold purpose of conveying necessary supplies to the island, and bringing off those who have been thrown on shore. The island is searched all round after every storm. The commission takes possession of the wrecks and property saved, and sells them for the benefit of the owner, retaining a salvage for the benefit of the establishment. There is not a tree on the whole island. It has one lakeLake Wallace, eighteen miles long, and nearly a mile wide. Between this lake and the sea there is a narrow ridge or wall of sand, about two hundred yards in width. Some years ago a breach was made in this wall on the north side, by a violent storm, and an inlet was formed which converted this lake into a very commodious harbor for small coasters. A storm similar to that which opened it closed it again, blockading two small American shallops, which had taken shelter there. The house of the superintendent is on the north side of the lake, opposite its centre. English rabbits, and a species of ponies-"Sable Island ponies" are the only wild animals running at large, and subsisting on the products of the island. The rabbits are very numerous, and good for food. The ponies are small, but active and strong, and surprisingly hardy. Some hundred years ago this was a favorite resort of fishermen, for the purpose of killing morse and seal. They are now all but exterminated, especially the former. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. CHAPTER L SITUATION, EXTENT, GENERAL FEATURES, EARLY HISTORY, &c. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND is situated in that large recess in the Gulf of St. Lawrence which washes the shores of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, It is between 45° 57' and 47 7' north latitude, and between 62° and 64° 26' west longitude. Its distance from New Brunswick at the nearest point is nine miles; from Nova Scotia, fifteen miles; from Cape Breton, thirty miles. On the east, north, and west, it is bounded by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and on the south by the Northumberland Strait. EXTENT. Its extreme length is 130 miles; its greatest breadth, thirty-four miles. Its area is 2,133 square miles, or 1,365,400 acres. GENERAL FEATURES.-In form, the island somewhat resembles a crescent, the concave side being toward the gulf. In general appearance it is flat and gently undulating. There are no mountains, and the several ranges of hills which lie across the country, nowhere rise to any considerable height. The north-eastern and southern shores of the island are much indented by bays, harbors, and inlets; on the west there is an almost unbroken shore, without bay or harbor. The principal bays are Holland, Grenville, Harris, Covehead, Bedford, and St. Peter's, on the north; Egmont, Bedeque, Hillsborough, Pownal, and Orwell, on the south; |