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longitude 65° 38' west; the rise and fall of tide, four to seven feet. In 1853, eighty-four vessels, of the burden of 11,473 tons, entered the port of Bathurst.

The Nepisiguit River, flowing into Bathurst harbor, is eighty miles long, but not navigable, owing to the number of cascades, falls, and rapids. Large quantities of timber are floated down it for shipment. Great numbers of salmon ascend this river every season, as far as the Grand Falls.

At the north-eastern part of this county is the spacious haven of Shippagan, which comprises three large and commodious harbors, between the islands of Pocksoudie and Shippagan, and the mainland. Within these harbors there is good anchorage for vessels of the largest class, which can lie perfectly sheltered from every wind. The rise and fall of tide is from three to six feet. Miscou harbor (formerly called Little Shippagan) lies between the islands of Miscou and Shippagan. It has a good anchorage, well sheltered, with three to five fathoms at low water. This excellent harbor is of much use and importance to fishing vessels frequenting the gulf, which resort to it greatly in stormy weather.

The Caraquet, Pokemouche, and Tracadie rivers are wholly in Gloucester county, and there is much good land yet vacant on their banks.

In 1851, there were 14,302 grindstones made in this county, and 21,157 lbs. of maple sugar. The quantity of butter made was 82,691 lbs.

NORTHUMBERLAND.-This is the largest county in the province. Its front on the gulf includes the whole bay of Miramichi, from Tabusintac to Point Escuminac, whence it spreads out to a great breadth westerly, abutting on Sunbury, York, and Victoria, with Kent to the southward.

The county of Northumberland contains 2,980,000 acres, of which 986,168 acres are granted, and 1,993,832 are still vacant. The quantity of cleared land is 30,221 acres. In 1851, the population was 15,064 souls, being little more than one soul to each 200 acres in the county. The in

habitants are chiefly employed in lumbering, agriculture, and the fisheries, while the ship-yards and saw-mills afford much employment for ordinary labor. There are ten parishes in this county--Alnwick, Blackville, Blissfield, Chatham, Glenelg, Hardwicke, Ludlow, Nelson, Newcastle, and Northesk. The shire town is Newcastle, situated about thirty miles from the gulf, on the left bank of the Miramichi. Douglastown is a thriving village, about three miles below Newcastle, on the same side of the river, with every convenience for business. Chatham is a bustling little town, on the right bank of the Miramichi, about twentyfive miles from the gulf, rather crowded along the water side, but with deep water in front, and many facilities for loading large vessels. In 1853, two hundred and seventy-seven vessels, 34,528 tons burden, entered the port of Miramichi. There is a bar at the entrance of the port; but the river is of such large size, and pours forth such a volume of water, that the bar offers no impediment to navigation, there being sufficient depth of water on it, at all times, for vessels of seven or eight hundred tons, and nowhere less than three fathoms in the entrance, at low water. From the entrance there is six and seven fathoms, in the channel, up to Newcastle. Owing to the size and depth of the Miramichi, ships can load along its banks anywhere for miles; and, consequently, detached villages have sprung up, wanting many of the advantages which would be gained from having one large town. The tide rises from three to five feet. The variation of the compass is 21°

west.

In 1853, the following quantities of fish were exported from Miramichi :-herrings, 3,728 barrels; alewives, 7,130 barrels; pickled salmon, 396 barrels; pickled bass, 113 barrels; shad, 45 barrels; oysters, 200 barrels; eels, 21 barrels; salted trout, 7 barrels; mackerel, 167 barrels ; 162,500 pounds of preserved salmon; 29,000 pounds preserved lobsters.

The Tabusintac, a river about sixty miles long, enters

the gulf, a few miles to the northward of the Miramichi. The tide flows up it twenty miles; but it has only eight feet, at low water, on the bar at its entrance, near which the sea-fisheries are prosecuted to some extent. There is much good land on the Tabusintac yet vacant.

Of late years much attention has been given to farming in Northumberland, with favorable results. In 1851, this county produced 30,854 bushels of wheat; 120,366 bushels of oats; and 289,436 bushels of potatoes; besides other crops of grain and roots. In the same year 202,637 pounds of butter were made in the county, and 5,381 pounds of maple sugar. There are thirty-two places of worship in this county, and 2,116 inhabited houses.

KENT. This county was formerly part of Northumberland, of which it formed the south-eastern corner. It has a large frontage on the gulf, extending from the northern point of Shediac Harbor to Point Escuminac, at the entrance to the Miramichi.

Kent contains 1,026,000 acres, of which 386,398 acres are granted, and 640,002 acres are still vacant. The quantity of cleared land is 35,496 acres. The population in 1851 was 11,410 souls, little more than one soul to each hundred acres in the county. The inhabitants follow lumbering, fishing, farming, and ship-building. There are six parishes-Carleton, Dundas, Harcourt, Richibucto, Weldford, and Wellington. The shire town is Richibucto, a seaport on the left bank of the Richibucto River, built chiefly along the water side, with wharves, warehouses, and timber-ponds in front. In 1853, one hundred and eight vessels, of the burden of 15,189 tons, entered at this port. There was formerly twelve to fifteen feet on the bar at low water, but it has of late shoaled considerably, owing to a new channel having broken out; measures have, however, been taken to deepen the main channel, and improve the entrance. The tide rises in Richibucto harbor two and a half to four feet.

The Harbor of Buctouche is twenty miles south of Richi

bucto. This harbor is at the mouth of Great and Little Buctouche rivers; the entrance, between two low sand beaches, is narrow. The tides rise and fall two to four feet; and vessels, drawing thirteen and a half feet, can cross the bar at ordinary tides. Outside the bar, there is instantly three fathoms water, deepening gradually seaward. Inside the bar there is two and a half to five fathoms, the loading place at the bridge, where vessels lie in nine fathoms water. The Big Buctouche is forty miles in length; the tide flows up it thirteen miles. The Little Buctouche is thirty-five miles in length, and the tide flows up it ten miles. There is much good land, and some fine farms on both these rivers. In 1853, thirty-seven vessels, of the burden of 4,323 tons, arrived at this port.

The Harbor of Cocagne, by the coast, is nine miles south of Buctouche. This is also a bar harbor; in ordinary tides there is nine feet on the bar at low water, and fourteen feet at high water; at spring tides there are two feet more. Within, there is a large sheet of water, well sheltered. The tide flows seven miles up the Cocagne River; the land on its banks is of good quality for settlement.

There is scarcely a hill of any magnitude in the whole county of Kent, and it may be described as the most level county in the province. Being wholly within the formation described as the coal measures, it consists altogether of gentle undulations and long swells of country, covered with the finest timber, chiefly hardwood. The maple abounds; and 44,154 pounds of maple sugar were made in 1851. In the same year, 83,171 pounds of butter were made in the county.

WESTMORLAND.-This county has a large extent of low sandy coast, on the Straits of Northumberland, extending from the boundary of Nova Scotia, at Baie Verte, to the northern point of Shediac Harbor. On the south-west it is bounded by the Peticodiac River and county of Albert; and on the west by King's and Queen's counties. It possesses great agricultural capabilities, besides many facilities

for lumbering, fishing, and ship-building, in addition to its mines and quarries.

Westmorland contains 878,440 acres, of which 577,440 acres are granted, and 301,000 acres are vacant. The cleared land amounts to 92,822 acres. The population in 1851 was 17,814 souls, dwelling in 2,390 houses. There are seven parishes-Botsford, Dorchester, Moncton, Sackville, Salisbury, Shediac, and Westmorland. The shire-town is Dorchester, a rural village about one mile from the eastern bank of the Peticodiac River.

The Harbor of Shediac, on the gulf shore, is by the coast, ten miles south of Cocagne. Its entrance, at the southern end of Shediac Island, is in latitude 46° 15′ 15′′ north, and longitude 64° 32' 10" west. The longitude in time is 4h. 18 min. 8.40 seconds; the variation of the compass, 19° west. During the summer solstice, the time of high water, at the full and change of the moon, is 7 A. M.; at and during the winter solstice, at 12 noon; neap tides rise two feet, and spring tides four feet. In the fair-way, or shipchannel, at the distance of two-and a half miles from the harbor, twenty-five feet water is found, which is continued, with little variation, up to the entrance. From thence there is nineteen feet in the channel, gradually lessening, until at the anchorage off Point Du Chene, where sixteen and a half feet is found, at one-third of a mile from the shore. Two small rivers, the Shediac and the Scadouc, fall into this harbor. In 1853, two hundred and twentytwo vessels, of the burden of 21,226 tons, entered at Schediac. The terminus of the railway from St. John is near the entrance to this harbor, whence communication may be had, by steamers and sailing vessels, with Prince Edward Island, thirty-six miles distant, and all other parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, as also the Great Lakes of Canada by the River St. Lawrence and its canals. It is therefore quite certain to become a place of much trade and business.

Aboushagan and Tedish are boat harbors, to the east

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