Canadian School Society, Educational Society, American Presbyterian School Society, besides schools named St. Andrews, German, Protestant, etc.

CHAPTER VIII.

SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES.

UNDER this head we may enumerate (1) schools for orphans; (2) for deaf and dumb; (3) for juvenile criminals. (1.) There are excellent orphan schools in the principal cities of Lower Canada; but our information and want of space will not warrant us in entering into details.

(2.) There are two Asylums for the deaf and dumb in Lower Canada. The first, for boys, was established near Montreal by the Rev. Abbé Lagorce, in 1849; and the second, for girls, was established in Montreal by Mgr. Bourget, Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal, in 1853. In these two asylums there are eight teachers and about sixty pupils. An asylum of the same description was established by Donald McDonald, Esq., at Quebec, in 1832, under the authority of a special act of Parliament. Mr. McDonald was aided in his benevolent work by M. Clerc, formerly a pupil of the Abbé Sicard, who was a successor of the celebrated Abbé de L'Epée, inventor of a method for instructing deaf-mutes. The law, however, having expired in 1836, it was never revived, and the Asylum was closed.

(3.) The Reformatory school for juvenile criminals was established at the Isle aux Noix, near the frontier, and at the head of the Richelieu river, in 1858. Being an old military post, it was again deemed necessary to occupy it, and the Reformatory was removed to St. Vincent de Paul, near Montreal, in 1861. There are now about fifty inmates in the institution.

CHAPTER IX.

OTHER SUPPLEMENTARY AGENCIES.

THESE agencies include mechanics' institutes, literary societies, associations, and libraries.

(1.) As in Upper Canada, the Board of Arts and Manufactures of Lower Canada has chiefly to do with the mechanics' institutes. This board established, in 1859, a central school of art and manufactures at Montreal. It has now six professors and teachers, and is attended by about sixty pupils.

(2.) The literary societies of Lower Canada are numerous, but we have only room to enumerate those in existence in Montreal and Quebec. In Montreal: The Natural History Society; Institut Canadien; Medico-chirurgical; Mechanics' Institute; Hochelaga Debating Club; McGill University Society; Phrenological Society, etc. In Quebec: Literary and Historical Society; Institut Canadien ; Mechanics' Institute; Institute of St. Rochs; St. Patrick's Institute, etc.

(3.) As far as possible, we have given the number of volumes of books contained in the library of each of the colleges. In addition, we can only give the following summary of libraries, from the report of the Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada for the year 1861, viz.: number of public libraries, 163; number of volumes therein, 106,500; number of volumes in the libraries connected with the seminaries, colleges, academies, and normal schools, 161,366. Total number of volumes, 267,866.

NOTE.-At the request of the publisher, this article on the state and progress of education in Lower Canada has been considerably abridged.

2,038,885

(6.) Parliamentary Appropriation for Common Schools in Upper and Lower Canada (proportion), say...

.......

500,000

* This statement in regard to the Royal grants of land in Lower Canada is taken from a memorial addressed by the Right Rev. Dr. Strachan, Bishop of Toronto, to the Canadian Legislature, in Nov. 1843. No further authentic statement could be obtained on this subject.

(3.) Progress of Education in Lower Canada, since 1852.

PARLIAMENTARY GRANTS FROM 1832 тo 1861, INCLUSIVE.

STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL PAYMENTS ON BEHALF OF EDUCATION IN UPPER AND LOWER CANADA, FROM THE YEAR 1832 TO 1861, INCLUSIVE, EXTRACTED FROM THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS AND OTHER OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS.

1843

1844

1845

1846

The payments to Common and Superior Schools in Upper and Lower Canada, from 1841 to 1849, are not distinguished inthe Parliamentary papers of those years from which these sums are taken.

78,680

268,821

822,196

256,135

THE

PROGRESS OF NEW BRUNSWICK,

WITH A BRIEF VIEW OF ITS

RESOURCES, NATURAL AND INDUSTRIAL.

CHAPTER I.

SKETCH OF THE EARLY HISTORY OF NEW BRUNSWICK

NEW BRUNSWICK, originally a part of Nova Scotia, became a distinct province under a separate charter in the year 1785.

The whole country, which was first settled by the French, under the name of Acadia, and was afterward granted by the English king, James I., to Sir William Alexander, on the claim that it was a part of the territory discovered by Sebastian Cabot, frequently changed masters. Sometimes the French, and sometimes the English, held it in possession; but it was at length fully ceded to the British at the peace of Utrecht, in 1713; but until the final extirpation of the French power in North America, in 1758 and 1759, Great Britain could not be said to have peaceable possession of New Brunswick.