TABLE LXX.-QUARRIES-Statistics of the quarrying industries of the United States, showing number of quarries and production, by kinds of rock and by states and territories: 1880.

a With "Marble and limestone" is included one quarry of serpentine rocks.

2,000

16, 689

37,745

1,500

14,000

55, 350

294,700

38, 400

522, 388

TABLE LXX.-QUARRIES—Statistics of the quarrying industries of the United States, &c.-Continued.

PETROLEUM PRODUCTION.

The actual production of petroleum in the United States cannot be accurately given for any definite period of time, but an approximate estimate has been made up from all available sources of information, which is believed to be practically correct.

The receipts of the incorporated pipe-lines have been reported in ac cordance with the requirements of a law of the state of Pennsylvania, and estimates of the oil handled by private lines and "dump oil” have been received from well-informed and reliable parties. The estimation of the amount of oil held in tanks at wells, while presenting many difficulties, has been made with great care and based on actual returns of stocks from a large proportion of the wells. The amount estimated as run to waste is based on actual returns, and the amount burned from current reports at the time the fires occurred. From these several sources of information the production of oil out of the ground during the census year is estimated as follows:

The second sand oil is produced near Franklin, Pennsylvania, and embraces also the B, C, D, and E grades of West Virginia oils. Of this oil there were produced in

West Virginia.

Near Franklin, Pennsylvania.

Grafton, Ohio..

Barrels. 68, 392.88 105, 600.00 2,773.00

176, 765.88

First sand oil.

Four-fifths of the first sand oil comes from the first "Oil Sand" of the Venango_group, near Franklin, Pennsylvania. The oils of this class were produced in

Barrels.

86, 857

12, 536

1,386

900

25

101,704

The production of the peculiar amber oil in Beaver county, Pennsylvania,known as "Smith's Ferry oil", has been placed by competent per

sons at 86,803 barrels.

The following is a summary of these amounts:

The following is a summary of the total production of the different

For some time antecedent to the census year, and during that year, the production of petroleum, and especially of third sand oil, had been in excess of any demand for it on the market, and consequently there had been a gradual accumulation of stocks in excess of the amount required in handling the oil. This accumulation did not take place proportionally in all the districts producing petroleum, but was confined mainly to the Bradford district of northwestern Pennsylvania. In the Grafton and Mecca districts of Ohio and in the Glasgow (Kentucky) district the stock of oil in tanks at wells would not at any time exceed 150 barrels. The constant demand for the entire production of the Smith's Ferry district, including Slippery Rock creek, in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, prevents any accumulation of stocks, and, in consequence, the well stocks there are always low. These stocks, together with that in the hands of the Smith's Ferry Transportation Company, have been estimated at 3,200 barrels on June 1, 1879. On May 31, 1880, the same stocks were estimated at 3,000 barrels. In West Virginia and Wash. ington county, Ohio, the well and tank stocks, together with the stock held by the West Virginia Transportation Company, on June 1, 1879,

were 79,606 barrels. The same stocks on May 31, 1880, were estimated at 50,848 barrels. In Greene county, Pennsylvania, the stocks were practically nothing. In the heavy-oil district near Franklin, Pennsylvania, the heavy oil accumulated during the census year. The stock of Franklin oil at the beginning of the census year was, allowing an estimated well stock of 3,000 barrels, 19,898 barrels, and at the end of the census year, 27,106 barrels. In northwestern Pennsylvania, exclusive of the Franklin district, the net stocks in the custody of the pipe-lines, June 1, 1879, and May 31, 1880, are represented in the following table:

It is estimated, from the best data to be obtained, that the stocks in tanks outside the pipe-lines, in the territory above and below Oil City, was, on

June 1, 1879.

May 31, 1880.

Barrels.

293, 474
532,318

The well stocks in the Lower Country remained practically unchanged throughout the year, actual returns from a large number of these wells giving an average of 32 barrels per well. This average, applied to 6,300 wells, gives a total well stock of 201,600 barrels.

The estimates of well stocks in the Bradford district, based upon actual returns and other reliable data, show that at the beginning of the census year, June 1, 1879, the total well stocks were 812,067 barrels. These stocks gradually accumulated, until on September 1, 1879, they amounted to 1,024,727 barrels. From this date until February 1, 1880, the well stocks steadily declined until they reached, at that date, 693,084 barrels. From February 1 until the close of the census year, May 31, 1880, these stocks steadily increased until upon that date they amounted to 1,258,902 barrels. These figures show a net increase of stocks during the census year of 446,835 barrels.

Summarized, the stocks of crude oil in the producing regions on June 1, 1879, may be exhibited as follows: