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Transactions (continued).
Paris: Société de Géographie.

8vo.

Société Géologique de France.
No. 10, 11. Tome VI. No. 3-4.

Rome-R. Accademia dei Lincei.

Bulletin. Avril-Dec., 1878.
The Society.

Bulletin. 3° Série. Tome V.
Tome VII. No. 1. 8vo. 1876–8.
The Society.

Pavia -Università. Onoranze ad Alessandro Volta. 8vo. 1878.
The Rector of the University.
Atti. Serie terza. Transunti.
Roma 1878-9.
The Academy.
Bollettino. 1878. No. 5-12. 8vo.
The Institution.

Vol. II-III. fasc. 1, 2. 4to.
R. Comitato Geologico d'Italia.

Vienna:-Anthropologische Gesellschaft.
VIII. Nr. 1-9. 8vo. Wien 1878.

Mittheilungen. Band
The Society.

Knoblauch (H.) Ueber das Verhalten der Metalle gegen die strahlende Wärme. 4to. Dresden 1877.

The Author.

Mensbrugghe (G. Vander.) Études sur les Variations d'Énergie
potentielle des surfaces liquides. Premier
Premier Mémoire.
Bruxelles 1878.

4to.

The Author. Miall (L. C.) and F. Greenwood. Studies in Comparative Anatomy. No. 2. Anatomy of the Indian Elephant. 8vo. London 1878. The Philosophical and Literary Society of Leeds. Radau (R.) La Photographie et ses Applications Scientifiques.

12mo. Paris 1878.

The Author. A Treatise on

8vo. London The Authors.

Roscoe (H. E.) F.R.S., and C. Schorlemmer, F.R.S.
Chemistry. Vol. I. The Non-Metallic Elements.
1878.
Thomas (T. G.) The Intra-Venous Injection of Milk. 8vo. New
York 1878. Laparo-Elytrotomy; a substitute for the Cæsarean
section. 8vo. 1878.
The Author.
Wallich (G. C.) On the Radiolaria as an Order of the Protozoa. 8vo.
London 1878.
The Author.

Presents, February 27, 1879.

Transactions.

Bordeaux:-Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. Mémoires. 2o Série. Tome III. Cahier 1. 8vo. Paris 1878.

The Society. Frankfort-on-the-Maine :-Neue Zoologische Gesellschaft. Der Zoologische Garten. Jahrgang XIX. 8vo. Frankfort a. M. 1878. The Society.

Transactions (continued). Giessen :-Grossherzoglich Hessische Ludewigs-Universität. Ueber die Zerlegbarkeit einer ebenen Linie dritter Ordnung in drei gerade Linien, von A. Thaer. 4to. 1878.-Ueber die Traumatischen Rupturen des Darmkanals, von M. Sonnenberger. 8vo. 1878.-Untersuchung der Kegelschnittnetze, deren Jacobi'sche Form oder Hermite'sche Form identisch verschwindet, von J. Hahn. 4to. 1878. Zwei Gelegenheitschriften. 4to. 1878. Zwei Vorlesungsverzeichnisse. 1878-9. 8vo. Zuwachs-Verzeichniss. 4to. 1877. The University. Göttingen:-Königliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Abhandlungen, vom Jahre 1878. Band XXIII. 4to. 1878. Nachrichten aus dem Jahre 1878. 8vo. The Society. Hamburg :-Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein, von Hamburg-Altona. Verhandlungen im Jahre 1877. Neue Folge II. 8vo. 1878. The Society.

Jena:-Gesellschaft für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft. Sitzungsberichte für das Jahr 1878. 8vo. 1879. The Society. London-British Association. Report of the Forty-eighth Meeting, held at Dublin in August, 1878. 8vo. 1879. The Association. Lyon-Société de Géographie. Bulletin. Tome II. No. 11. 8vo. 1878. Naples: Zoologische Station zur Neapel. Mittheilungen. Band I. Heft 2. 8vo. Leipzig 1879.

The Society.

Dr. Dohrn. Paris-Société Philomatique. Bulletin. 7° Série. Tome I. 8vo. The Society.

1877.

Observations, &c.

Dorpat:-Meteorologische Beobachtungen angestellt in Dorpat im
Jahre 1878, redigirt und bearbeitet, von K. Weihrauch. Jahr-
gang 11. Band III. Heft 1. 8vo. 1878.
The Observatory.
Moscow :-L'Observatoire. Annales, publiées sous la rédaction du
Prof. Dr. Th. Bredichin. Vol. I. Liv. 1. 4to. 1871.

The Society.
Zürich :-Meteorologische Centralanstalt der Schweizerischen Na-
turforschenden Gesellschaft. Schweizerische Meteorologische
Beobachtungen. Jahrgang 13. Lief. 6, 7. Titel und Beilagen;
Jahrg. 14. Lief. 4. Jahrg. 15. Lief. 1-3. Supplement band.
Lief. 4. 4to. 1876-78.
The Society.

VOL. XXVIII.

2 F

Billings (J. S.) and R. Fletcher. Index Medicus: a Monthly Classified Record of the current Medical Literature of the World. Vol. I. No. 1. roy. 8vo. New York 1879. The Editors. Boncompagni (B.) Deux Lettres inédites de Joseph Louis Lagrange, tirées de la Bibliothique Royale de Berlin. 4to. Berlin 1878.

The Editor. Cattaneo (Ange.) Description de l'invention ayant pour titre Avertisseur Electro-Automatique Télégraphe Voyageant, pour la sûreté des trains de chemin de fer. 8vo. Pavia 1878.

The Author. Fayrer (Sir Joseph) F.R.S. On the relation of Filaria Sanguinis Hominis to the Endemic Diseases of India. 12mo. London 1879.

The Author. Galloway (W.) Sur les Explosions de poussières charbonneuses; traduction de M. Chansselle. 8vo. St. Etienne 1878.

The Author.

Henle (J.) Zur Anatomie der Crystallinse. 4to. Göttingen 1878.
The Author.

Schrauf (A.) 1878.

Ueber die Tellurerze Siebenbürgens. 8vo. Leipzig

The Author.

Schwendler (Louis.) Précis of Report on Electric Light Experiments. Folio. London 1878.

The India Office.

Smyth (Piazzi.) End-on Illumination in Private Spectroscopy. 8vo. Edinburgh 1879.

The Author.

March 6, 1879.

THE PRESIDENT in the Chair.

The Presents received were laid on the table, and thanks ordered for them.

In pursuance of the Statutes, the names of the Candidates for election into the Society were read, as follows:

Henry James Alderson, Lieut.- William Edward Ayrton, Assoc. Col. R.A.

Thomas Clifford Allbutt, M.A., Henry Walter Bates, F.L.S.,

M.D.

John Anderson, M.D., F.R.S.E.,

F.L.S.

Inst. C.E.

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Henry Bessemer, Assoc. Inst.
C.E.

Henry Francis Blanford, F.G.S.
George Stewardson Brady, M.D.,
F.L.S.

Prof. Alexander Crum Brown,
D.Sc., M.D.

Prof. George Downing Liveing,

M.A.

George Matthey, F.C.S.

William Munro, General, C.B.,
F.L.S.

Charles Henry Owen, Col. R.A.
William Henry Preece, C.E.

Walter Lawry Buller, D.Sc., Charles Bland Radcliffe, M.D.,

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I. "Observations on the Physiology of the Nervous System of the Crayfish (Astacus Fluviatilis)." By JAMES WARD, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Communicated by MICHAEL FOSTER, M.D., F.R.S., Prælector of Trinity College, Cambridge. Received February 17, 1879.

I. When one of the supra-oesophageal commissures is divided, the whole body of the crayfish on the injured side is more or less enfeebled, with

the exception of the swimmerets and possibly the gnathites. The change is most marked in the antennæ and eye-stalks, which barely respond to considerable excitation; and after these perhaps in the abdomen, the power of swimming or turning over being generally entirely lost. The muscles connecting the abdominal segments on the injured side are relaxed, and the tail-fin appendages on that side are no longer spread out in the normal manner, but remain more or less overlapping and hang down like broken limbs. This leads to a want of symmetry which is most conspicuous during movement: it almost disappears when the nervous connexion with the abdomen is entirely severed by a cut between the first and second segments. No clear difference is discernible in the pinch of the two chele, but in prehension and locomotion all the limbs on the side of the injury are weakened. In consequence of this, when walking forward the course taken is towards the sound side, in backing the course is towards the injured side. The chelæ during progression show a bias towards the sound side; that is to say, when the right commissure is cut, they are both directed towards some position on the animal's left, and vice versá when the left commissure is cut. There is a tendency when walking to flop suddenly forwards, and in some cases to "wabble" from side to side.

II. So long, however, as the other commissure remains intact, there is no lack of spontaneity and purpose in the movements of the crayfish; but when this too is severed, that is, when both commissures connecting the supra- with the sub-œsophageal ganglion are divided, everything of the kind disappears, save that occasionally the antennæ are waved about in the normal fashion, though much more feebly. The animal lies on its back, the maxillipedes, the chelæ, and the first three pair of legs, for the most part, swinging slowly to and fro in perfect tempo; not, however, as the swimmerets do, both sides synchronously, but with the movements of one side alternating with those of the other. On a very slight disturbance, and at intervals, without any obvious cause, this rhythmic swing gives place to feeding or "preening" movements, the last being chiefly confined to the fourth pair of legs, which take no part in the rhythmic swing. The feeding movements are a perfect mimicry of the movements made when food is actually seized. These last appear to be in all respects perfectly coordinated; so much so, indeed, that the chelate legs will wait their turn to pass their morsel to the mouth when scraps are placed in all of them at once. But neither they, nor the chelæ, nor the posterior maxillipedes, show any selective power, even the animal's own antennæ being seized: the first evidence of taste appears when the food gets within the gape of the mandibles.

When placed on a table, the ambulatory legs are straightened out so as to lift the body as if upon stilts, the half flexed abdomen barely

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