of six to be summoned who after examining the person and hearing evidence decide on his sanity. If the lunatic has property, the court appoints a conservator to manage it. The income of such property is applied to the support of the lunatic and his family. Lunatic paupers are entitled to state support.

STATE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

Location. Golden.

Object.-Boys between the ages of ten and sixteen convicted of offences punishable by fine and imprisonment for a shorter term than for life, may be sentenced to this school for their minority.

The board of control may discharge or bind out a boy when he has so far reformed as to justify it.

The boys of the Industrial School receive instruction in the common branches and are required to do a certain amount of work.

A similar institution for girls is located near Morrison.

STATE REFORMATORY.

Location.-Buena Vista.

Object. The purpose of this institution is the punishment and reformation of such males between the ages of sixteen and thirty, convicted of felony and misdemeanors the punishment of which is imprisonment for more than ninety days and less than life, as the courts see fit.

This institution is under the management of the board of penitentiary commissioners and the sentences to it are not for a definite term.

THE PENITENTIARY.

Location. Canon City.

Warden. The warden is appointed by the Governor and Senate for a term of two years. Under direction of the board of commissioners, he has gen

eral charge and supervision of the penitentiary. He appoints turnkeys and guards, enforces discipline, etc.

Chaplain. A chaplain conducts religious exercises in the penitentiary and performs other duties.

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' HOME.

Location. Monte Vista.

Object. This institution is 'for the care and treatment of honorably discharged soldiers, sailors and marines,' who served in the Union army or navy in the Civil War or in the war with Spain. To be received, an applicant must have been a resident of Colorado for a year preceeding his application, or a member of a Colorado regiment in the Civil War.

CHAPTER XI.

ELECTIONS.

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Qualifications of voters. In order to vote, a

person:

1. Must be over twenty-one years of age,

2. Must be a citizen of the United States.

3. Must have resided in the states one year, in the county ninety days, and in the city or town thirty days and and in the ward or precinct ten days, next preceding the election.

Naturalization. The Constitution of the United States defines a citizen of the United States to be 'a person born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof'. It also gives Congress power to prescribe a uniform rule of naturalization. This Congress has done. To become a naturalized citizen a foreigner must reside in the United States five years. At least two years before

admission to citizenship, he must declare under oath before a competent court,* his intention of becoming a citizen and renounce his former allegiance. When finally admitted he must prove his five years residence in the state or territory where he then is, take an oath of allegiance to the United States and again renounce his former allegiance.

Registration of voters.-The county clerk keeps a permanent register of the voters of precincts wholly or in part within the limits of cities. Upon this is entered the name, address and description of each voter. Voters must be registered fifteen days before election.

In other precincts, the judges of election sit as a board of registry and make a list of persons qualified to vote. A copy of this list is posted in a conspicuous place and voters whose names are not on this list can have them inserted.

No one is allowed to vote unless his name is on the registry list.

Privileges of voters.-Voters cannot be arrested during their attendance at elections or in going to or returning from them, except for treason, felony or breach of the peace.

Challenge of vote.-The vote of any elector may be objected to or challenged. The person challenged is required under oath to answer certain questions and to take an oath affirming his qualifications. The judges may still reject his vote if they believe him disqualified. One challenger of each of the leading political parties is allowed within each polling place.

*The courts before whose clerks this and the final oath may be taken are: Circuit or district courts of the United States; district and supreme courts of territories; and courts of record of any state, having a common law jurisdiction and a clerk and seal.

Challenges may be made against the registration with the county clerk. These must be made in writing, the persons challenged are notified, the county commissioners decide the cases.

Kinds of elections. Elections are regular and special. Regular elections are those occurring every year at fixed dates. Special elections are held to fill vacancies in certain offices, and in other cases where it is necessary to refer important questions to the people for immediate decision. The regular elections are the general election, town or city election and school election. For school election see Chap. VIII.

Notice of elections.-Notice of elections must be given by town, city and county clerks, by the publication in newspapers and posted notices, of the date of the election, names of offices to be filled and the questions, if any, to be voted on. The names of all. candidates are also published.

Nominations.-All parties which cast at the preceding election one-tenth of the total vote may present candidates and have their names printed on the official ballot. Nominations may also be made by petitions signed by a sufficient number of voters.

Certificates of nomination are filed with the city or town clerk in municipal elections, with the Secretary of State for all divisions larger than a county and all others with the county clerk.

Ballots. All ballots are printed and delivered at public expense. Towns and cities pay for those used in municipal elections and counties for all others. Town, city and county clerks have charge of the preparation and distribution of ballots.

The names of the candidates for each office are arranged alphabetically. Blank lines are left in which the voter may vote for whomsoever he pleases. A voter may vote a 'straight' ticket by writing in a

blank space at the top of the ballot the name of the ticket which he wishes to vote. He may also mark crosses opposite the names of candidates on other tickets. Or, he may vote entirely by marking crosses opposite candidates' names.

Polling places.-Polling places are supplied at public expense with a guardrail, one compartment or voting booth for each fifty voters in the precinct and a ballot-box.

Only judges, clerks and voters (and interpreters if needed) are allowed within the guardrail.

Appointment of judges.-Every year the county commissioners appoint in each voting precinct three judges of election representing at least two political parties. These judges act at all elections until their successors are appointed. For municipal elections the town trustees or city council appoint the judges.

Duties of judges.-The judges of election have general charge of the polling place and see that the provisions of the election law are complied with. They appoint two clerks to assist them. They proclaim the opening and closing of the polls, superintend the voting and assist illiterate voters. On the closing of the polls they count the votes and certify the result to the city, town or county clerk. They return to him all ballots including those spoiled and unused.

Manner of voting. The voter gives his name to a judge who calls it out and checks it off the registry list. The voter receives a ballot endorsed with the initials of the judge supplying it. He retires to a booth, marks his ballot and hands it to a judge who numbers it and pastes down the corner covering the number. The voter's name and the number of his ballot are entered on the poll-book. The ballot is handed back to the voter who puts it into the ballot