manded to appear before the committee to give evidence in the case, and the investigation which was commenced on the 9th of December, 1846, appears not to have ended until the 19th of January, 1847. Not until the 4th of February was any report made to the House, and then it did not show that the committee had arrived at any conclusions. The report and testimony were ordered to be laid on the table, subject to the further order of the House. The report was never called up. On the same day that Mr. King made his original statement to the House of the attempted bribery, a resolution tendering him a vote of thanks, was laid on the table. Near the close of the session (Feb. 24) this resolution was called up, and a substitute offered for it by Mr. Smyth, of Linn, censuring both King and Marshall. The original resolution and the substitute were both laid on the table, and that was the end of the bribery case, which excited a great deal of interest among the politicians and people of the State at that early day in her political history. It should be stated that Mr. Marshall was not a member of either branch of the General Assembly. The developments on investigation were generally understood at the time to be quite as damaging to the party making the charge as to any other person. The legislature adjourned without electing United States Senators at that session. The next General Assembly elected George W. Jones, of Dubuque, and Augustus C. Dodge, of Burlington. A. Clinton Hastings, and Shepherd Leffler, represented the State in the 29th Congress, 1846 to 1847, being the first Representatives in Congress from Iowa.

EDUCATIONAL.

Public Schools-How Supported-State University-Its Presidents-Faculty-University Fund-Agricultural College-State Normal School-Other State Educational Institutions --Public and Private Colleges and Schools.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

We have seen that the first territorial legislature made provision for general education by organizing a system of common schools. The famous ordinance of 1787 required that "schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged," and this has been the policy of the government in the admission of every new State since that time, as evinced by the liberal grants of the public lands for educational purposes.

The public schools are supported by funds arising from several different sources. In the first place, the sixteenth section of every congressional township was set apart by the government for school purposes-being one thirtysixth part of all the land in the State. Congress also made to the State an additional donation of 500,000 acres, and an appropriation of five per cent on all the sales of public lands in the State. The State also gives the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it. The money derived from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund, and, including the proceeds of the land still unsold, will amount to over four millions of dollars. The interest on this fund is apportioned by the State Auditor semiannually to the several counties of the State, in proportion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also generally levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources consti

tutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable every subdistrict in the State to afford from six to nine months school each year.

While Iowa is fostering and building up many excellent institutions of a higher order, the glory of her educational work consists in her admirable system of common schools-her peoples' colleges. The superintendent of public instruction is the highest school officer of the State, and exercises a general supervision over its educational interests, so far as relates to the public schools. Each county has a county superintendent, who examines applicants for teachers' certificates, visits the schools, reports annually to the State Superintendent, and exercises a general charge over the schools of the county. Each civil township constitutes what is called a district township, which is divided into sub-districts, and each sub-district elects a sub-director. The several sub-directors in the district township constitute a board of directors. In towns and cities there are independent districts, which elect officers to manage their affairs independently of the district townships.

The common school system has recently been greatly improved by the inauguration of normal institutes, under the auspices of the superintendent of public instruction, and also by the establishment of a permanent State normal school at Cedar Falls. The total permanent school fund, November 1, 1877, was $3,460,348.76. This is being augmented from different sources, and the interest only is applied toward the support of the common schools.

STATE UNIVERSITY.

By an act of Congress of July 20, 1840, the secretary of the treasury was authorized to set apart and reserve from sale not exceeding two entire townships of land in Iowa, for the use and support of a university. The constitution under which Iowa was admitted into the Union contained a provision requiring the General Assembly to take measures for the protection, improvement, or other disposition of the land granted by Congress for the university, and to create from the proceeds of the same a permanent fund for the use of a university. A bill was passed by the first General Assembly, establishing at Iowa City an institution to be called the "State University," with such branches as, in the opinion of the General Assembly, the public convenience might thereafter require. The same act also granted for the use of the university the public building, with ten acres of ground, at Iowa City, the same to be used, however, for the purposes of the State government until the removal of the capital. By acts of January 15, 1849, and January 16, 1849, two branches of the university, located respectively at Fairfield and Dubuque, were established, and placed upon equal footing, "in respect to funds and other matters," with the university established at Iowa City by the act of 1847. The branch at Fairfield was organized May 6, 1849. Å site of twenty acres of ground was purchased and a building erected, upon which twenty-five hundred dollars had been expended. The building was almost destroyed by a hurricane in 1851. No aid from the State or the University fund was ever given in support of the branches. The board at Fairfield requested the termination of its relation to the State, and, in accordance with this request, an act was passed January 24, 1853, severing the connection. The branch at Dubuque was never organized. The new constitution, which took effect September 3, 1857, provided that "the State University shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place, and the university fund shall be applied to that institution and no other."

At a special meeting of the board, February 21, 1850, it recognized the "College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," an institution at Davenport established under the laws of the State as the "College of Physicians and Surgeons of the State University of Iowa," but with the express stipulation that such recognition should not render the university liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was the board to acquire any control over the property or management of the medical association. Soon after this the medical college removed to Keokuk. This arrangement was terminated by the operation of the new constitution.

In March, 1855, the University was partially opened for a term of sixteen weeks, and there was an attendance of from seventy-five to one hundred students during the term. The first regular catalogue was published for the year 1856-7. At a meeting of the board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree conferred upon a student of the University.

From 1860 to 1877, inclusive, the total number of ladies in the collegiate department was 2,994, and gentlemen 3,941; total number of ladies in the law department since its organization, 6, and gentlemen, 632; total number of ladies in the medical department since its organization 48, and gentlemen

469.

The presidents since its organization have been:

Amos Dean, of Albany, N. Y., elected July 16, 1855.
Silas Totten, D. D., LL.D., elected Oct. 25, 1859.

Professor Oliver M. Spencer, elected August 19, 1862.

Professor Nathan R. Leonard, elected June 26, 1866, as president pro tem., during absence of President Spencer in Europe fifteen months by leave of the board.

James Black, D.D., elected March 4, 1868.

Rev. George Thacher, elected March 1, 1871.

C W. Slagle, of Fairfield, elected president pro tem., June, 1877.
J. L. Pickard, elected in 1878.

The faculty of the University consists of the president, nine professors in the collegiate department, one professor and six instructors in military science; chancellor, three professors and four lecturers in the law department; eight professor demonstrators of anatomy; professor of surgery and two lecturers in the medical department, and two professors in the homeopathic medical department.

The law department was established in June, 1868; the medical department in 1869; the chair of miltary instruction in June, 1874, and the department of homeopathy in 1876.

From 1858 to 1876, inclusive, the General Assembly has made appropriations for buildings, and for the support of the University, sums aggregating $264,757. The Seventeenth General Assembly, by an act approved March 22, 1878, made an appropriation, as an endowment fund, of $20,000 annually, and an additional appropriation of $10,000 for repairs of buildings, fences, walks and other purposes. On the 30th of September, the University held interest bearing mortgage notes amounting to $195,423.13; contract notes amounting to $10,357.74, and a fund known as the Saline fund, amounting to $4,106.85. These amounts, aggregating $209,887.72, constitute a permanent fund, the interest of which goes to the support of the University. There were also, September 30, 1877, remaining unsold, 2,059.70 acres of University lands, and 3887.10 acres of Saline lands, making a total of 5,946.80

acres, the proceeds of which when sold, will go to increase the pernianent University fund. At five dollars per acre these lands will add to the permanent fund $29,734, which amount added to the above will give to the University a permanent endowment fund of $239,621.72.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

By an act of Congress passed in 1862, a grant of 240,000 acres of land was made to the State for the endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts. Under this act 240,000.96 acres were appropriated to the State; but as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at the rate of two acres for one, the actual number of acres in the grant was 204,309.30. In addition to this grant Congress also gave its assent to the State to use for the same purpose the five sections of land in Jasper county, which had been selected for the seat of government of the State. There were also donated in Story and Boone counties for the use of the institution 921 acres, making a grand total of 208,430.30 acres. This last donation of 921 acres was made by citizens of Story and Boone counties. The General Assembly passed an act which was approved March 22, 1858, establishing the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm. Under this act a board of trustees was appointed, which at a meeting in June, 1859, received propositions for the location, and in July the offer of the present location in Story county, was accepted. In 1864 the General Assembly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of a College building, and in 1866 an additional appropriation of $91,000 was made. The building was completed in 1868. An office was opened in Fort Dodge for the sale of the College lands, and Hon. George W. Bassett was appointed agent for their sale. From the establishment of this agency in August, 1865, to November 1, 1867, the amount received on sales of lands was $68,782.81, and the amount of interest collected on leases for the same time was $338,931.78, making a total of $406,714.65, which is a permanent endowment fund.

The courses of study in the College, as revised in 1877, are as follows: 1-The Course in Science as related to Agriculture. 2-The Course in Mechanical Engineering. 3-The Course in Civil Engineering. 4The Ladies' Course in Science. 5-Course for Juniors and Seniors in Special Industrial Sciences. 6-Post-graduate Courses of Study. 7-The Preparatory Course. From 1872 to 1877, inclusive, the number of graduates of the College was 123.

By the terms of the law, tuition in the Agricultural College is made forever free to pupils from the State, over sixteen years of age, who have resided in the State six months prior to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition for three pupils, and additional pupils to the extent of the capacity of the College, are distributed by the board of trustees among the counties in proportion to the population.

The following constitute the Faculty:-A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of Psychology and Philosophy of Science; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of Military Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of English Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Entomology; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, Horticulture; J. K. Macomber, Physics; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and Political Economy; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Pre

ceptress, Instructor in French and Mathematics; J. S. Lee, B. S, Assistant Professor of Chemistry; Mrs. M. B. Welch, Instructor of the English Language, and Lecturer on Domestic Economy; J. C. Arthur, M. S., Librarian, and Demonstrator of Botany and Zoology. There are also instructors in Vocal and Instrumental Music.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

The State Normal School was established by the General Assembly, at Iowa Falls, in 1876, and under the law the property of the Orphans' Home, at that place, was transferred for the use of the Normal School. The first Board of Directors organized June 7th, of that year. H. C. Hemenway, was chosen President; J. J. Tolerton, Secretary, and E. Townsend, Treasurer. At the same meeting Prof. J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., was elected Principal of the school.

The following constitute the Faculty: J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Didactics; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Languages and Natural Science; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics; Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History; E. W. Burnham, Professor of Music.

During the second year 105 ladies and 50 gentlemen were in attendance, 33 counties of Iowa being represented. By an act of the General Assembly, approved March 25, 1878, the sum of $13,500 was appropriated for the maintenance of the school for the next biennial period of two years. By the same act the board of directors were empowered to charge pupils a tuition fee of not exceeding six dollars per term, if necessary, in order to properly support the school.

COLLEGES, SEMINARIES AND ACADEMIES.

There are also in Iowa the following educational institutions: