7. 8. Enumerators at Work (shown in single-stage enumeration areas) Industry, Occupation and Class of Worker (illustration of the concepts) 9. Income (illustration of the concepts) Each filmstrip consisted of a series of "still" pictures, some of which were photographs and some drawings. A recording, containing explanations and comments and instructions for showing the next picture, accompanied each. BIBLIOGRAPHY U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.: Census of Population and Housing 1960: Directory of Field Offices. 1960. 78 pp. (Form F-326) Chief Instructor's Guide for Training Technical Officers, Single Stage. 1960 Census. 1960. 79 pp. (Form F-274) Chief Instructor's Guide for Training Technical Officers, Two Stage Areas. 1960 Census. 1960. Crew Leader's Guide for Training Enumerators. 1960 Census of Population and Housing. 1959. Crew Leader's Guide for Training Enumerators, Stage I. 1960 Census of Population and Housing. 1959. 208 pp. (Form F-247) Crew Leader's Guide for Training Enumerators 1959. 125 pp. (Form F-247A) Stage II. 1960 Census of Population and Housing. District Supervisor's Training Work Book for the 1960 Decennial Census of Population and Housing. Z1959 19 pp. (Form F-294) 18th Decennial Census of the U.S.: Background Materials on Microfilm. Reel 1- 19627On microfilm. See especially: Reels 4-13, 1960 Censuses of Population and Housing: Forms and Instructions Used in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. (Forms and instructions for the enumeration and data processing, including reporting and quality control, but excluding pretests, evaluation program, and SCARF.) 10 reels of microfilm, each containing approx. 700 frames. Enumerator's Training Workbook for the 1960 Decennial Census of Population and Housing: PH-1. 1959. 29 pp. (Form F-225) (For training in single-stage enumeration areas) Enumerator's Training Workbook for the 1960 Decennial Census of Population and Housing: PH-2. 1959. 29 pp. (Form F-226) (For training in single-stage enumeration areas) Enumerator's Training Workbook for the 1960 Decennial Census of Population and Housing: Stage I PH-1. 1959. 28 pp. (Form F-223) Enumerator's Training Workbook for the 1960 Decennial Census of Population and Housing: Stage I PH-2. 1959. 28 pp. (Form F-224) Field Administrative Manual. 1961. Variously paged (approx. 600 pp.) Field Employee Selection Aid Scoring Key A. 18th Decennial Census - 1960. Field Employee Selection Aid Field Employee Selection Aid . Test B. 18th Decennial Census - 1960. 1959. Field Employee Selection Aid Test C. 18th Decennial Census - 1960. 1960. Instructor's Training Guide for Administrative Clerk Training: Single Stage. 1959 44 pp. (Form F-305A) U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.--Continued: Instructor's Training Guide for Administrative Clerk Training: Two-Stage. 1959 49 pp. Instructor's Training Guide for Supply Clerk Training: Single Stage. [1959 17 pp. Instructor's Training Guide for Training District Supervisors: Two-Stage Areas. Let's Talk Census. 1959. 13 pp. areas Let's Talk Census. 1959. 13 pp. areas) (Form (Form F-305B) (Form F-304B) 1959. 71 pp. 1959. 71 pp. (Form 60-11-222A) (For enumerators in single-stage enumeration (Form 60-11-222) (For enumerators in two-stage enumeration Post Office Directory of Census District Offices for Distribution of Census Forms PH-10 and PH-11. 1960 Census. 1960. 62 pp. (Form F-299) Supervising the 1960 Census. pp.) (Form F-233) Information for Crew Leader Applicants. 1959. 1 folded sheet (10 Technical Officer's Guide for Preparatory Training of Crew Leaders. 1960 Census. 1959. 55 pp. (Form F-270) Technical Officer's Guide for Training Crew Leaders. 1960 Census of Population and Housing. 1960. 108 pp. (Form F-272) (For use in single-stage areas.) Technical Officer's Guide for Training Crew Leaders, Stage I. 1960 Census of Population and Housing. 1960. 106 pp. (Form F-271) Technical Officer's Guide for Training Crew Leaders, Stage II. 1960 Census of Population and Housing. 1960. 40 pp. (Form F-271A) Training Exercises for District Supervisors. 1959. Variously paged, total 8 pp. (Form F-296) (Used in conjunction with District Supervisor's Workbook, F-294.) Chapter 7. THE ENUMERATION ENUMERATION PROCEDURES In the interval between March 9 and April 1, 1960, each crew leader was to travel over the enumeration districts (ED's) for which he was responsible. During the reconnaissance he was to perform the following steps: General 1. Verify the accuracy of the enumerators' maps and the descriptions of ED's 2. Mark on each enumerator's map the route the enumerator was to follow 3. Make an advance listing, or "prelisting," of the initial 25 housing units (15 in rural areas) to be canvassed by each enumerator, in order to check later on the completeness of the enumerator's work 4. Estimate the number of housing units in each enumerator assignment to determine if it needed to be divided into smaller assignments so that the stage I enumeration could be completed on time. For this purpose, in cities and towns laid out in blocks, crew leaders were to make separate estimates for each block in an enumerator assignment. These block estimates provided a basis for an additional check on coverage during the review of the stage I enumerator's work 5. Identify places such as hotels and hospitals requiring special enumeration procedures During the last 10 days of March 1960, the Post Office Department distributed two documents to occupied housing units throughout the country: (1) a brief questionnaire called an Advance Census Report, and (2) a statement requesting that the questionnaire be filled in and held for the enumerator's visit. The documents were also placed in post office boxes and were available at General Delivery windows and at counters in post offices. The Advance Census Reports contained the questions on population and housing that were asked on a 100-percent basis in the enumeration district. The questions on population covered only name, relationship to head of household, age, sex, color or race, marital status, and, in New York State, citizenship. The questions on housing in those cities for which data were to be published by city block were slightly different from the questions asked in the rest of the country: the questionnaire used in the "block cities" (i.e., cities of 50,000 or more inhabitants and some other cities which had specially contracted for data to be published by block) included questions on rent or value of housing unit whereas the questionnaire used elsewhere omitted these questions. There were 11 housing questions that appeared on both "block city" and other Advance Census Reports. Because the Advance Census Report was received by each household at least a few days in advance of the enumerator's visit, household members had an opportunity to consult one another and their records and thereby to respond more accurately to the questions. In addition, the Advance Census Report had effective publicity value in preparing the public to expect the enumerator's visit. Beginning on April 1 in most of the country, each housing unit was visited by an enumerator. (In the interior of Alaska, school teachers who had been trained by mail began enumeration in remote villages as early as January because melting snow and ice make travel virtually impossible in those areas in April and May.) If the Advance Census Report had been filled in by the household when the enumerator called, the enumerator was to transcribe the information to a schedule known as a "100-percent FOSDIC schedule" (see example in appendix I) which had been designed for use with the high-speed electronic data-processing equipment. The enumerator recorded responses to the questions on this schedule by filling in the appropriate small blank circles in specified sections of the schedule. If the Advance Census Report had not been filled in, the enumerator was to obtain the information by questioning a responsible member of the household, and enter the information directly on the FOSDIC schedule; he was not expected to complete the Advance Census Report. The enumerator was instructed to collect the Advance Census Reports that had been filled out by the households, to insure that the information entered on them was treated as confidential. The Advance Census Reports were later destroyed, except for a sample retained for further study. The extent to which the Advance Census Reports had been filled out when the enumerator called varied greatly in different areas. In some areas the enumerators reported that most of the households had their Advance Census Reports ready, whereas in other areas enumerators found that relatively few households had filled them out. A sample of 250 enumerators found that 59 percent of the occupied housing units had Advance Census Reports completed. The 100-percent FOSDIC schedule included some items on housing which did not appear on the Advance Census Report. The enumerator obtained information for these items by observation. They were on type of housing unit, occupancy, vacancy status, description of property, and whether the structure was sound, deteriorating, or dilapidated. The 100-percent FOSDIC schedule used in block cities, like the Advance Census Report used in block cities, contained questions on rent or value of housing unit. The one used elsewhere did not. The enumerator carried with him a listing book in which he recorded each place visited and the name of the head of the household, the number of persons enumerated in the household, or the fact that no one was home so that another visit would be required or that the housing unit was vacant, and other pertinent information about the visit. In urban areas, the enumerator's map showed each block in the ED, and the blocks were numbered in the order in which he was to cover them. He was instructed to start enumerating at the northwest corner of each block, to proceed clockwise around the block until he reached his starting point, and then go on to the next block. In rural areas, the enumerator was to begin at a point designated by his crew leader and to cover every road; roads were numbered on the map in the order of visitation. A crew leader or field reviewer was to visit every enumerator at the beginning of the enumeration. He was expected to check coverage by comparing the enumerator's listing with the checklist the crew leader had prepared prior to the enumeration, and to review the information obtained to see that it was complete and appeared reasonable and consistent. Any errors were to be recorded and checked on the next visit to insure that they had been corrected. Most of the items of information obtained in the 1960 censuses were collected on a sample basis. Every fourth housing unit visited was selected for the sample. The enumerator was to assign the letters "A," "B," "C," and "D" serially, in his listing book, to each successive housing unit in order of visitation, whether interviewed or not; each "A" housing unit was designated as a sample unit. The first unit in the listing book was predesignated with one of the four letters, selected in rotation and given to the enumerator, to avoid always including in the sample the first housing unit enumerated by each enumerator. In group quarters, that is, places such as institutions and lodginghouses, the sampling plan was based on the selection of every fourth person. Asterisks printed in the first column on lines 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 of the 100-percent FOSDIC schedules designated the persons in group quarters who were to be included in the sample. Two-Stage Enumeration Procedures The basic process of enumeration in the 1960 Censuses of Population and Housing was a two-stage approach. The information required for every person and housing unit in the enumeration district was obtained in the first stage. Sample data were collected at a separate and later stage. Eighty-two percent of the population of the country was in census districts in which the two-stage method of enumeration was used. Persons living in less densely settled areas were covered under a single-stage plan. In the two-stage procedure, when the enumerator visited the household to collect the Advance Census Report and to fill in the 100-percent FOSDIC schedule, he left a questionnaire containing the sample population and housing questions at every fourth ("A") household. This was called a Household Questionnaire (see example in appendix I). The householder was asked to answer the questions and mail the questionnaire to the District Office. The primary purpose of this procedure, like that of the Advance Census Reports, was to allow the householder to see the questions as worded, to consult members of the household and household records in order to ascertain the correct answers, and to give considered replies. For some of the sample questions, in particular, improvement in the accuracy of the results was expected because earlier research, especially in connection with the 1950 censuses, indicated that some enumerators tended to introduce consistent errors in the answers they recorded. For some questions these variations among enumerators contributed heavily to the total errors found in the responses recorded. It was expected that this source of errors would be greatly reduced, to the extent that householders wrote the replies to the questions on the questionnaires. The stage I enumerator filled in the identification items on the household questionnaire, including the name of each person in the household. He also filled in two housing items from observation--the number of housing units in the structure, and, for owner-occupied units, whether the property was one unit without a business conducted on the premises, one unit with a business, or contained two or more units. Since the household questionnaire contained only enough space for information on four persons, an additional form was used for each additional member of the household. This form, known as an Individual Questionnaire, or Extra Person Form, contained the same population questions as the household questionnaire. When nonrelatives such as lodgers were present in the household, the individual |