Enumeration maps for each of the four areas were prepared by the Bureau of the Census from information furnished by the Governor's office. A separate map was prepared for each enumerator, crew leader, and supervisor in the area, and office copy maps were prepared for each of the four areas. For Guam and the Canal Zone, the ED's were planned under the supervision of the respective Governors and this preliminary work was transmitted to the Bureau along with a sufficient number of detailed maps to prepare the final office base maps. For American Samoa and the Virgin Islands, ED delineation was based on information supplied by the Governors. In both American Samoa and Guam, a special problem arose in connection with the enumeration maps. Because the original shipments of maps for both places were lost in the mails, duplicate sets of maps were prepared and airmailed. In Guam, because of the late arrival of these maps, it was not possible for the crew leaders to check their accuracy before distributing them to the enumerators. This resulted in some confusion during the enumeration, but no serious problems were reported. Selection and Training of Field Staff In accordance with the terms of the contract, the recruitment, training, and supervision of the field staff in each area was the responsibility of the Governor or his designated assistant. However, certain requirements for employment were established by the Bureau of the Census, including the following: (1) all members of the staff had to be citizens of, or owe allegiance to, the United States; and (2) candidates for appointment had to have a high school education and had to attain a grade of 60 percent or better in the Field Employee Selection Aid Test. In some areas, it was necessary to waive the education and test-score requirements in order to fill all positions, but an attempt was made to select the best qualified candidates for appointment. Instructions and Training Materials With a standard questionnaire for the four areas, it was possible to standardize the instructions and training materials, with only minor variations for a few items such as geographic identification, race, and place of birth. The basic document for the instruction and training of the field staff was the Enumerator's Reference Manual, which included a statement of the enumerator's duties and responsibilities together with instructions for each item on the schedule. Enumerators were required to carry their manuals with them while they were working and to refer to the instructions whenever questions arose in the field. Another basic document for the training program was the Guide for Training Enumerators. This guide served as a detailed lesson plan for the 4 half-day training sessions. It included an explanation of the principal points in the instruction manual, questions and answers for classroom discussion, home exercises, and practice interviews. Other instruction materials prepared for American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Canal Zone included the Crew Leader's Manual and the Supervisor's Office Manual. These two manuals contained background material on the history of the census, legal authority, value of census information, the census organization, confidentiality of census data, and general plan of operations. They also contained an outline of the respective duties and responsibilities of crew leaders and supervisors. Although the training films prepared for use in the United States were not entirely suited to the outlying areas, copies were sent to each of the four areas, and the supervisors were instructed to disregard parts which did not apply to their program. Tabulation Plans The tabulation program for the outlying areas was limited by the size of the areas, the scope of the various censuses, and the method of tabulating the results. Early in 1960, a set of population table outlines was designed which, insofar as possible, was standard for the four areas. Copies of the table outlines were sent to the four Governors for review and comment before the tabulation program became final. Valuable comments were received from several areas, and the outlines were revised accordingly. Every effort was made to provide data of maximum utility to local officials and, at the same time, to keep the tabulation program for the four areas as nearly standard as possible. The tabulation plans for the housing census were also reviewed by local officials in Guam and the Virgin Islands. All of the data for American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Canal Zone were transferred to punchcards and tabulated on standard punchcard tabulating equipment. THE ENUMERATION Enumeration Forms The principal forms used to record information for population and housing units in the 1960 censuses of the outlying areas were the household schedule (forms 60PH-1AS for American Samoa, 60PH-1GM for Guam, 60PH-1VI for the Virgin Islands, and 60PH-1CZ for the Canal Zone); the Individual Census Report (forms 60PH-10AS, 60PH-10GM, 60PH-10V1, and 60PH-10CZ); and the Report for Military and Maritime Personnel (form 60PH-13). The population and housing schedule used in the outlying areas was a household schedule designed in the form of a booklet with the area identification items on the front, the population questions for each person on separate pages, and, for Guam and the Virgin Islands only, the housing questions on the back. The schedule format proved to be very convenient for the field enumeration, but somewhat cumbersome in the processing operations. The Individual Census Report was used for the enumeration of visitors in private households, for transient guests in hotels, for persons in institutions, and in special situations where it was not possible to enumerate directly on the regular household schedule. The information recorded on the Individual Census Reports was transcribed to the regular census schedules before the data were processed. The Report for Military and Maritime Personnel was used to enumerate members of the Armed Forces living in barracks or other group quarters. Members of the Armed Forces living in family quarters were enumerated on regular household questionnaires. Field Organization The field organization for each of the four areas followed the same general pattern, although the size of the staff varied in accordance with the number and distribution of the population. The field staff for the four areas is indicated below: The Supervisor in each area was responsible to the Director of the Census in Washington for all phases of the census program including the following: 1. Securing office space and equipment 2. Releasing public information on the census program 3. Recruiting and training enumerators, crew leaders, and office staff 4. Supervising the enumeration and field edit operation 5. Submitting periodic progress reports on the enumeration to the Director of the Census Most of these functions were actually performed by the Assistant Supervisor, who was a member of the Governor's staff assigned full time to the census program. The crew leaders in each area assisted with preparations for the census and provided direct supervision and control of the enumeration. The crew leader's functions included the following: 1. Checking the maps of each enumeration district (ED) in his area 2. Prelisting a sample of addresses in each ED, before the enumeration, to serve as a check on the enumerator's coverage 3. Making special arrangements for the enumeration of hotels, institutions, and other special dwelling places 4. Assisting with the training of enumerators 5. Preparing assignments for the enumerators and distributing supplies and equipment 6. Reviewing each enumerator's work in the field and providing supplemental training where necessary 7. Submitting periodic progress reports on the enumeration to the Census Supervisor The functions of the administrative assistant consisted of the distribution and control of supplies, compilation of reports, and general clerical assistance to the Supervisor. In American Samoa, Guam, and the Canal Zone, the editing and tabulating clerks were responsible for reviewing the completed schedules for completeness and consistency before they were forwarded to Washington for processing. In the Virgin Islands, this function was performed by the crew leaders and the administrative assistants. Field Review As indicated above, one of the duties of the crew leader was to conduct a systematic review of each enumerator's work in the field. The purpose of this review was to verify the completeness of the enumeration, to discover any errors which had been made, and to see that these errors were corrected. In order to verify the completeness of the enumeration, the crew leader visited each ED in his assigned area and made a partial prelisting of addresses. Later, as part of the field review, he compared the addresses on this list with the addresses on the schedules to determine whether the enumerator had omitted any of these units. The field reviewer also checked each enumerator's work for accuracy and consistency. Callbacks Occasionally, the enumerator found no one at home at the time of his first visit. In such cases, he was instructed to list the address on his "Callback Record" and indicate the best time to return. (Often this information could be obtained from neighbors.) In order to prevent an accumulation of callbacks, the enumerator was instructed to make his second call as soon as possible after the first visit--preferably on the same day or the day following. As soon as the callback was made, this fact was also to be noted on the Callback Record, as was the date of completion when the information was obtained for the household. This record was designed to show the enumerator (or crew leader) at a glance how many callbacks remained outstanding at any particular time during the enumeration. The enumerator was advised to have not more than 10 callbacks outstanding at the end of any work day. Progress of the Enumeration The enumeration began in each of the four areas on April 1, 1960. It was completed in the Canal Zone on April 27, in Guam on May 4, in American Samoa on May 7, and in the Virgin Islands on July 9. Difficulties in recruiting qualified staff and a severe flood that made country roads impassable for several weeks were the primary factor accounting for the delay in the Virgin Islands. PROCESSING THE DATA Receipt and Check-In The first step in processing the data for the outlying areas was the receipt and check-in of the completed schedules. As soon as the schedules were received in Washington, they were packaged in portfolios by ED, labeled for future operations, and assigned a geographic code. Also, as part of this operation, a hand count of population and housing units was made for each ED and compared with the field count to make sure that all ED's and all schedules were accounted for. The population and housing schedules were forwarded to Jeffersonville for the next step in the processing. Editing and Coding A special section was organized in Jeffersonville to handle the editing and coding of the schedules for American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Canal Zone. The editing and coding operation generally provided the final opportunity to correct errors on the schedules before the data were transferred to punchcards. For some items, it was necessary to code manually the entries made by the enumerator for each person on the schedule. For other items, the most common entries were precoded on the schedule, and still other items were completely precoded and required manual editing and coding only for blanks and multiple entries. In the general coding operation, the coders were required to edit and/or code the following items: Industry and occupation coding was almost identical to that for the FOSDIC schedules used in the United States. Verification of both coding operations was done on a 100-percent basis, and all errors discovered by the verifier were corrected. Data for approximately 160,000 persons from the four outlying areas were edited and coded. The editing and coding operation for the outlying areas began in July 1960 and was completed in September. Card Punching After the manual editing and coding operations were completed in Jeffersonville, the schedules were shipped to Washington for the card punching and tabulation operations. The information for each person and, for Guam and the Virgin Islands, for each housing unit, was transferred to a separate card. The card punching operation began in September 1960 and was completed in November 1960. Mechanical Edit and Tabulation After the information on the schedules was transferred to punchcards, the cards were processed through a series of mechanical edits to correct inconsistencies and unacceptable codes. For example, the entry for highest grade of school completed was compared with the age of the person and impossible combinations were corrected in accordance with a list of acceptable grades for each year of age. Other consistency edits which were handled by machine involved consistency of entries for income and employment status; for relationship to head of household, sex, and marital status; and for education and school attendance. Another purpose of the mechanical edit was the elimination of nonresponses for the following items: relation to head of household, sex, age, color or race, marital status, employment status, and work in 1959. The cards were checked for blanks in any of these items and entries were supplied in accordance with fixed procedures. When the machine editing process was completed, the punchcards were tabulated on standard tabulating equipment to provide the data required for the final reports. Preparation of Final Reports As the various tabulations were completed, they were checked for consistency and general acceptability. The data were then posted to table worksheets, and the necessary computations--percentages, medians, etc.--were made for the final tables. The final tables were typed from the worksheets, machine checked, and then reviewed by the subject specialists. At the same time, the text was prepared, and maps for each area were prepared, for inclusion in the published reports. When all of these steps were completed, the report for each area was assembled and sent for printing. THE PUBLICATION PROGRAM Reports Published The results of the censuses of population and housing of American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Canal Zone are published in the following reports: The reports in the Census of Population PC(1)-A series (Number of Inhabitants) for the above areas are also included in volume I, part A, for all of the United States. Population counts for the remaining outlying areas are included in the U.S. Summary which appears in this same volume. The reports on American Samoa, the Canal Zone, Guam, and the Virgin Islands in the Census of Population PC(1)-B series (General Population Characteristics) were bound with the four reports in the PC(1) -A series in a single book, volume I, parts 54-57. The PC(1)-B series reports for these four areas include data on general social and economic characteristics and on detailed characteristics corresponding to those published in the PC(1)-B, PC(1)-C, and PC(1) -D reports for the United States. Availability of Unpublished Data Most of the data tabulated for the outlying areas are included in the publications listed above. For some items, however, the data were tabulated in somewhat greater detail than is shown in the published reports. Unpublished data are available to interested persons and agencies for the cost of reproducing the desired information. Special tabulations of the punchcards or schedules may be undertaken on a reimbursable basis.1 1 Further information regarding the availability of unpublished data may be obtained by writing to the Director of the Census in Washington. |