1. The ministers of the gospel should advocate this cause by precept and example.

Every ambassador of the "Prince of Peace," is by his office a peace-maker. He is a disciple and minister of Him who came from heaven to propose peace and reconciliation to a revolted world; and should, therefore, advocate pacific principles and measures. He is obligated to do it in the social circle, from the pulpit, and on every occasion, when opportunity is afforded. Once it was deemed lawful and expedient for ministers to supplicate a blessing on the warrior's arms, and to return thanks for success in battle. But in the nineteenth century, ministers have learned to pray, that the Lord would turn the counsels of the wicked into foolishness, and dispose contending nations to peace; that he would "break the bow and cut the spear in sunder; burn the chariot in the fire, and make wars to cease unto the end of the earth."

2. Parents, and those who have the charge of youth, should impress on their minds an abhorrence of war. Children generally, are delighted with the dress, music, and parade of military occasions, and very early discover a proneness to imitate the soldier. This propensity should be repressed. Children should be taught the design of martial exercises. The causes, the sinfulness, and the misery of war should be explained to them, and they should be trained up with the love of man, and the love of peace, ruling in their hearts. This duty devolves upon parents, guardians, and instructors.

3. Publications denouncing war and advocating peace, should be printed and widely disseminated.

Information on this subject must precede correction of sentiment and feeling in relation to it. This must be diffused through the community by that powerful engine, the press. To some extent, this has been done. Several periodicals in England have advocated, with much decision,

this noble cause; such as the "Philanthropist," the "Eclectic Review," the "Evangelical Magazine," the "Edinburgh Review," the "Christian Observer," and the "English Baptist Magazine." Most of the religious and some of the political periodicals in the United States, have espoused this cause, if not with the zeal desirable, yet with commendable interest. The opinions of the wise and good, of the statesman and the philanthropist, on this subject, should be proclaimed as with trumpet-tongue. How must the sentiments of Washington, the father of his country, impress every true patriot and Christian! Said he, in a letter to a friend, "For the sake of humanity it is devoutly to be wished, that the manly employment of agriculture, and the humanizing benefits of commerce, should suspend the wastes of war, and the rage of conquest, and that the sword may be turned into the ploughshare." Mr. Jefferson thus writes: "Will nations never devise any other national umpire of difference than force? Are there no means of coercing injustice, more gratifying to our nature, than a waste of the blood of thousands? Wonderful has been the progress of human improvement in other lines. Let us hope, then, that we shall at length be sensible that war is an instrument entirely inefficient to the redress of wrongs."

4. Societies, having for their object the abolition of war, and the promotion of peace, should be established in this and other lands.

It will be found necessary to adopt such a course in this, as well as in other benevolent enterprises. Every Christian should consider himself a member of a Peace Society. He is by his profession an advocate for peace, and he should give his name to some society, that he may bear open testimony on behalf of the goodness and importance of the cause. Every philanthropist-friend to his country and the world, should become a herald of peace, and

array himself on the side of Him, "who maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; who breaketh the bow and cutteth the spear in sunder." Let none deem this enterprise quixotic, or destined to fail. Every benevolent institution of the present day, undertaken and carried on in faith, prayer, and persevering effort, will succeed. The martial spirit will wane. The time will come when the "ultima ratio regum "—war, will not be resorted to for the settlement of national disputes. A revolution on this subject has begun, and revolutions, be it remembered, seldom go backward. "Time was when feats of arms, crusades, and the high array of chivalry, and the pride of royal banners, waving for victory, engrossed all minds. Murder and rapine, burning cities and desolating plainsif so be they were, at the bidding of royal or baronial feud, led on by the courtier or the clan-were matters of public boast, and the treasured fireside tales. But these things have passed away. Christianity has resumed her meek and holy reign." The time is at hand, when the song of triumph shall be that of peace. "The game of war," and the "trade of man butchery," will cease to be practised.

May it not be hoped, that the gentler sex will espouse this benignant cause, and enrol their names on the list of those who patronize pacific institutions. Once, their influence was used to impel onward to fight, "men, fierce in war." Once in England, it was viewed honorable for them, "to be seen at the public tournaments, riding in troops with swords by their sides." But now, ladies have other views, and other feelings. retired from their bosoms, and the pacific principles of the religion of Jesus reign in its stead. Will they not be entreated by sisters of departed brothers, by daughters made fatherless, and by mothers bereaved of husbands, in

The war spirit has

the field of blood and carnage, to enlist most cordially in this labor of love, and thus be co-workers with the Prince of Peace, till,

"All crimes shall cease, and ancient fraud shall fail,
Returning justice lift aloft her scale;

Peace o'er the world her olive wand extend,

And white rob'd innocence from Heav'n descend."

Appendix L.

THE Saviour, in his memorable Sermon on the Mount, thus addressed his disciples: "Take heed that ye do not your alms before men, to be seen of them; otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven. Therefore, when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you, they have their reward. But when thou doest thine alms, let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth, that thine alms may be in secret, and thy Father, which seeth in secret, himself shall reward thee openly." The duty of alms-giving, Christ here assumes, and then prescribes rules in respect to its practice. That the subject of charitable contributions should be rightly understood, and deeply felt, especially in the present day, when the Christian community are so frequently called upon to contribute of their substance for the temporal and spiritual benefit of their fellow men, is highly important. A number of considerations relating to this subject will be presented in this Dissertation.