in much mercy, and to the glory of his great name. He has attended the preaching of the word of his grace by the Holy Ghost sent down from heaven, according to his will. He has frequently refreshed his heritage when it was weary, and to his name be all the glory. There have been nine seasons, within the 25 past years, in which more or less special attention to religion was manifest, and in which a greater or less number were brought to submit to Christ, and take his yoke upon them. The years 1810, 12, 13, 17, 19, 25, 29, 31, and 34 were particularly distinguished by divine influence. The number brought into this church, as the immediate fruit of these revivals, is about 500. Two-fifths of these were admitted to the church from the summer of 1810 to the close of 1817. Many who were subjects of renewing grace, during the progress of these revivals, have united with other churches, and some remain unconnected with any church. Though divine influence was more special and powerful in the years 1812, 13, and 17, yet, from the beginning to the close of these five years, there seemed to be a silent progressive work of the Holy Spirit. The number admitted to the church averaged about 25 a year. The subjects of these revivals have generally held on their way, and witnessed a good confession. Some have gone back to their former state of feeling, and habits of thinking and acting; while others have, in great measure, lost their spirituality, and their deep concern for the good of Christ's church, and the cause of vital godliness. But while we have looked with grief upon such cases of departure from God, we have been permitted to witness the triumphs of some in the last conflict, and are cheered in beholding others living for God."

Specie estimated at 1,800 millions dollars. United States 2,000,000 square miles-17 millions inhabitants-national debt, none. Individual States' debt 100 millions, and specie estimated at 70 millions, or $333 of specie and solid currency per individual in Europe,-and $10 of specie and solid currency per individual in the United States.

IT has been calculated that no less than 5,000,000 francs have been lost in Paris since 1830, by unsuccessful attempts to establish periodical works.-For. Qu. Rev.

During the year 1836, there were printed in Paris 6,632 works, written in French, English, German, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, Polish, &c.; besides 1,154 works of engravings and lithographs.— Gent. Mag.

CHRONOLOGY OF COTTON.

1730. Mr. Wyatt spins the first cotton yarn in England by machinery.

1735. The Dutch first exported cotton from Surinam.

1742. First mill for spinning cotton erected at Birmingham, moved by mules or horses, but not successful in its operations.

1749. The fly-shuttle generally used in England.

1756. Cotton velvets and quilting made in England for the first time.

1761. Arkwright obtained the first patent for the spinning frame, which he further improved.

1768. The stocking frame applied by Hammond to the making of lace.

1773. A bill passed to prevent the export of machinery used for cotton factories.

1779. Mule spinning invented by Hargrage.

1782. First import of raw cotton from Brazil into England.

1782. Watt took out his patent for the steam-engine.

1783. A bounty granted in England on the export of certain cotton goods.

1785. Power-looms invented by Dr. Cartwright. Steam-engines used in cotton factories.

1786. Bleaching first performed by the agency of the oxymuriatic acid.

1787. First machinery to spin cotton put in operation in France.

1789. Sea Island cotton first planted in the United States, and upland cotton first cultivated for use and exported about this time.

1790. Salter, an Englishman, builds the first American cotton factory, at Pawtucket, R. 1. 1792. Eli Whitney, an American, invents the cotton gin, which he patents.

1798. First mill and machinery for cotton erected in Switzerland.

1799. Spinning by machinery introduced into Saxony this year.

1803. First cotton factory built in New Hampshire.

1805. Power-looms successfully and widely introduced into England.

1807. The revolution in Spanish America begins to furnish new markets for cotton manufac

tures.

1810. Digest of cotton manufactures in the United States, by Mr. Gallatin, and another by Tench Coxe, Esq. of Philadelphia.

1811. Machinery to make bobbin lace patented by John Burn.

1813. The India trade more free, and more British manufactures sent there.

1815. The power-loom introduced into the United States, first at Waltham.

1818. Average price of cotton, 24 cents-higher than since 1810. New method of preparing sewing cotton, by Mr. Holt.

1819. Extraordinary prices of Alabama cotton lands.

1820. Steam-power first applied with success extensively to lace manufactures.

1822. First cotton factory in Lowell erected.

1823. First export of raw cotton from Egypt into Great Britain.

1825. In New Orleans, cotton at from 23 to 25 cents per pound.

1826. Self-acting mule spinner, patented in England, by Roberts.

1827. American cotton manufactures first exported to any considerable extent.

1829. Highest duty in the United States on foreign cotton manufactures.

1830. About this time, Mr. Byer introduced a machine from the United States into England, for the purpose of making cards.

1835. Duty on cotton goods imported into the United States reduced: and in England it is forbid to employ minors in cotton mills for more than nine hours on a Saturday: in consequence, they work at something else.

1834. Cotton 17 cents.

1835. Extensive purchases made of cotton lands by speculators and others.

1836. The season began at 15 cents, and the year ended at 20 cents. 1837. Cotton reached 22 cents, and then

PARIS NEWSPAPERS.

THE sale of newspapers at Paris, is stated in the "Foreign Quarterly Review" for October, 1836, as follows:

NOTICES OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

1. The Death of the Godly an Incentive to Virtue. A Sermon, occasioned by the death of the Rev. George Cowles, and of Mrs. Elizabeth R. Cowles; preached in Danvers, Ms., Nov. 12, 1837. By Harrison G. Park, Pastor of the Second Congregational Church, Danvers. pp. 40.

The text of this well-written and highly appropriate sermon is Psalm xii. 1. Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men." The object of the preacher is, first, to illustrate the worth of the godly, and secondly, to show that their death is an incentive to prayer for divine help. A principal part of the sermon is taken up in delineating the character and death of Mr. and Mrs. Cowles, who perished in the wreck of the steam-boat Home, on the 9th of October, 1837. We here present an abstract of considerable length, as it will be likely to interest all our readers. The Rev. George Cowles was the son of Theodore and Margaret Cowles, and was born in the north village of New Hartford, Ct. March 11, 1798. Of him in childhood, one who knew him well, writes, "he possessed a firm and vigorous constitution, capable of enduring exposure and fatigue. In the schools of his native village, he maintained a very respectable standing. An affectionate disposition, and engaging manners, secured to him the attachment, not only of his fellow-pupils, but of all the inhabitants of the place. He enjoyed the advantages of early and faithful religious instruction from his pious mother, the influence of which had great effect upon his subsequent life. Upon the consecration of his father to Christ, which did not occur till some years after the birth of this son, he was devoted by his parents to the Christian ministry. Accordingly, with this end in view, though his mind was not specially interested in the great truths of the gospel, he was sent by his parents to Phillips academy, Andover, Ms. to prepare for college. He entered this institution in the year 1814. "Mr. Cowles had not long been at the academy, before his heart became subject to the renewing influences of the Holy Ghost, and thus a foundation was laid for preparation to become an ambassador of Jesus. He did not, however, make a public profession of religion, until the summer of 1817, when he united with the church in the theological seminary, Andover. In the autumn of this year, he entered the freshman class at Yale college, at which institution he was graduated with honor in 1821. Immediately after his graduation, he became connected with the theological seminary at Andover, where he continued three years. Completing his theological education, he left this school of the prophets as a licentiate in the fall of 1824. He then gave his energies to a work, which had long been, and which ever continued to be, very near his heart. I mean that of spreading the gospel among the heathen. He entered the service of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and continued an agent about two years and a half. His health becoming feeble, he resigned his office in the winter of the year 1827. In April following, he received a unanimous call from the Second church in Danvers, in which the parish concurred, to settle with them in the ministry. In June, he communicated his acceptance. By reason of his continued indisposition, his ordination did not occur till Sept. 11. Though he entered on his work with a constitution impaired by his indefatigable labors as an agent of the American Board, yet he was enabled, through the kindness of God, to discharge very acceptably and usefully the duties of his office, with but little interruption, till Sept. 1835. The last Sabbath in this month he preached a part of the day, and after this, but one Sabbath; he was never permitted to preach here again. This occasion was the first Sabbath in January, 1836. He then, with a debilitated body and tremulous voice, preached his last sermon from

these most solemn words, 'Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.' Though unable to discharge the onerous duties of his office in this extensive field, yet the strong reciprocal love between him and his people, forbade the thought that he must entirely cease, and give up his place to another. Hope that disease might be conquered, led to the suspension of his labors, from month to month; but this hope, disease disregarded; and he deemed it duty to ask to be entirely released from his pastoral and ministerial relation. This request was granted, and he was dismissed Oct. 26, 1836. This pastoral relation continued nine years, one month and fifteen days.

"On the 7th of October, Saturday in the afternoon, Mr. and Mrs. Cowles took passage in a steam-packet for Charleston, S. C., designing to pass the winter in Georgia, with a brother and sister,-but their thoughts were not God's thoughts. They were ripe for higher service than any which exists below; and for nobler joys than rise this side of heaven; and God took them! On the morning after their packet sailed, a gale of wind began, which continued with ruder and ruder power, till the bark struck-and broke and gave her numerous passengers to the mercy of the waves, by which most of them, our friends among the rest, were buried in death! This awful event took place in the evening of October 9th, 1837.

"A partial acquaintance with this beloved servant of Christ, would induce the conviction, that he possessed many most excellent traits of character, by which he was remarkably prepared for the sphere in which he moved; and a little inquiry would gather proof, that the first were the correct impressions. You could not long be with him, without discovering that his soul was bound up in the salvation of his fellow-beings. Subsequently to his conversion, this was always said of him, 'he careth for souls.' When in college, he earnestly sought their salvation, and in the revival of 1820, his was no small instrumentality in directing sinners to the blessed Saviour. In his vacations, which were passed at home, the love of souls was the ruling passion of his heart. His instinctive discernment of character, especially of men in the ordinary walks of life, was another great excellence in Mr. Cowles. Doubtless it was very much enlarged in his agency, when, on his extensive travels, he came in contact with individuals of every class, and in all circumstances. Mr. Cowles was remarkably endowed with a susceptibility of feeling for others, which much advanced his usefulness. He was enabled to approach very near the heart. His people had no sorrows, and he was not stricken. Neither had they joys, which were not his own. Thus interested in their welfare; thus sympathetic and tender; being quick in discerning the different grades of feeling, and gifted with uncommon conversational powers, he was permitted to achieve great ends in his pastoral visitations.

"The character of Mr. Cowles as a preacher, perhaps is delineated in the following language: The distinguishing characteristics of his sermons, were their purely evangelical cast, their faithful elucidation of the doctrines and precepts of the gospel, and their adaptation to the peculiar feelings of his people, as modified by the ever varying incidents and circumstances of life. Having these excellences in the pulpit and in pastoral visitation, his success in winning souls to Christ might well be anticipated. During the period of his ministry there were added to his church ninety-eight members, making on an average nearly eleven a year.

66

Although our brother had this success at home, yet the bounds of his parish did not constitute his entire sphere of action. He felt for a world. When he became convinced the great Head of the church did not require of him this sacrifice, it was his design to devote himself to the concerns of the American Board, that he might be instrumental at home, in scattering the waters of salvation abroad. We have already seen him introduced into this department of labor, and here he would have remained, had not the fatigues of his agency broken down his constitution. The services which he rendered the Board at this time were truly valuable. On the 13th of February, 1828, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Ripley Adams, second daughter of John Adams, Esq. then principal of Phillips academy, Andover.

"Mrs. Cowles was born in Colchester, Ct. July 7, 1805. Her childhood was marked with those traits of character, which appeared in such attraction at mature age. There were then indications of uncommon mind, and of an affectionate, ingenuous and generous heart. By the removal of her father to Andover, when she was yet an infant, at the period when her mind began to be developed, there were about her influences of a literary character of uncommon order, which were highly favorable to her progress in knowledge. As her years increased, she enjoyed other facilities for the instruction and embellishment of her mind, which were presented in the best schools in our country. These advantages, she most diligently improved, in the acquisition of an education of great variety and perfection. At an early age she found her Saviour, and made a public profession of religion, and united with the church in the theological seminary, Andover. "Upon her connection with this people, which occurred at her marriage, she was, by her ardent piety and accomplished education and bland disposition, eminently qualified for the station she filled. She was such a companion as a pastor needed-and such a friend as made it safe for all to be subject to her influence. Into the different divisions of female influence, in the parish, hers was ever enstamped; and all, whether at 'Bible class,' 'Sabbath school,' 'circle,' or 'society,' felt themselves the more benefited by her presence. Her cares at home, made it alike her convenience and pleasure, to be active in ways of usefulness; and, doubtless, in the day when her usefulness shall be brought to light, many souls will appear as crowns of her rejoicing forever."

Our limits forbid us to abstract further from this interesting discourse. The appendix embodies various interesting matters pertaining to the loss of the Home, by which so many individuals throughout our country were overwhelmed with grief.

2. Principles and Results of Congregationalism. A Sermon, delivered at the Dedication of the House of Worship erected by the First Congregational Church, Philadelphia, Nov. 11, 1837. By the Rev. John Todd, Pastor of the Church.

pp. 64.

This sermon is founded on the text, “Now, therefore, ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellow-citizens with the saints, and of the household of God; and are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; in whom all the building fitly framed together, groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord." Eph. ii. 19–21. After some remarks on the word church, and upon its meaning under the patriarchal and Mosaic dispensations, Mr. Todd states the following as the general principles of the church, as founded by Christ and his inspired apostles. 1. The churches were separate, independent bodies, composed of renewed men, who voluntarily united themselves together to enjoy the preached word and the ordinances of the gospel, and to mutually aid each other to build up the kingdom of Christ. 2. They were instructed and guided, and their poor provided for, by bishops and deacons of their own choosing. 3. The bishop was the overseer, not of other ministers, but of the flock of God. 4. The government and discipline of each church was within itself, and by itself. 5. The gifts of the different members were employed to aid the whole. 6. In cases of discipline, the churches used every proper means to vindicate the honor of Christ, and to reclaim the offender. The preacher, after briefly discussing these particulars, proceeds to point out the principles of Congregationalism, as a form of church government. These are, 1. That Christ is the head of his church, which he hath purchased with his own blood. 2. The Bible is the only standard of faith, government, and practice. 3. It is a fundamental principle of Congregationalism, that every church shall govern itself. Remarks are then made, showing the practical results of Congregationalism, as they appeared in England, Holland, New England, etc. Objections to this form of government are stated and refuted. The sermon is one of great ability and candor. Those who are not convinced by its arguments, will be pleased with its spirit. It is printed by William Marshall & Co. with much taste and

neatness.