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would increase the value of their labor and endow them with one additional qualification for obtaining employment; that, without this skill of hand and education of the eye, the American mechanic cannot compete with foreign workmen successfully and without it the American citizen is deficient in an important factor in education which is a source to others of both profit and enjoyment.

(4) In a progressive age no civilized nation can afford to stand still without risking what it has and losing prospective developments.

It is time, therefore, that America should consider this subject in earnest, being the only civilized country existing to-day whose educational legislation ignores industrial drawing.

I am often asked for an opinion as to the prospects of success in art-education in this country, when it is fairly introduced and adopted in the schools. Perhaps the best answer to this would be the following statement:

I left my country, in which this subject had already passed the stage of experiment, where, from my apprenticeship and professional practice, I was familiar with all the phases of this branch of education; resigned a more lucrative appointment than I now hold, home, friends, and relatives, to come here and throw in my lot with American schools. I did so because I saw, from the love for education so generally felt by the people, from the liberal views in regard to the whole subject of education so generally prevailing, that, when this matter of industrial drawing was seriously taken up, there would be greater facilities and better organization for a triumphant success than I knew to exist in any other country. From indications, which I see and know the meaning of, the time for this success is not far distant.

And I have only to add, in the language of the old ballad, when that good time comes,

[Applause.]

May we all be there to see.

REMARKS OF PROFESSOR HENRY.

The president here introduced Professor Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, who said:

GENTLEMEN OF THE CONVENTION: I deeply regret that I have not previously been able to attend the meetings of this association.

My time has been entirely occupied, during your session, by pressing business connected with the Smithsonian Institution and the Light-House Board.

I have come this evening entirely unprepared to make any communication; but I cannot refrain from expressing my high appreciation of the admirable address which has just been delivered by Professor Smith on " Industrial drawing in public schools." The truths which it contains I think should be widely disseminated, and were it not, as I understand, that the address has been adopted for publication in the proceedings of this department, I would certainly ask its reference to the Smithsonian for publication at the expense of the Smithsonian fund.

With Professor Smith, I fully agree as to the importance of drawing as a branch of elementary education, and I think, with him, that it can be taught without interfering with the acquisition of other primary branches of instruction.

The several faculties of the human mind are not simultaneously developed, and in a proper system of education these various faculties ought to be exercised in the order of their presentation.

Among these one of the most early exhibited is that of imitation, and its exercise is a source of great pleasure to the young mind, and it may, therefore, be taught without interfering with and almost as a relief from the drudgery of the acquisition of the other branches.

Further, as to the importance of drawing, I think that, as an aid in various pursuits

in the every-day-business of life, in addition to its use in improving the powers of observation and of accurate discrimination, little need be said. I would, however, add one remark bearing on the subject, namely: that education tends to render men impatient under the infliction of brute labor. As an illustration of this, I have been told that, in New England, it is quite difficult to obtain a native of that section, who has had the advantages of a high-school-education, willing to submit to the labor of the plow or the ax. Such persons seek more intellectual employment, and, although they desert the toil of the husbandman, the loss they thus occasion is supplied more than tenfold by the invention of labor-saving machines.

Now, nothing, therefore, is of greater service in the line of invention than a knowledge of mechanical drawing, and therefore, to the persons whom I have mentioned, it becomes an invaluable aid; but, as the hour of adjournment has arrived, I must refrain from detaining the audience with further comments on the address of Professor Smith, to which I have listened with much interest and instruction. I will, however, before concluding, beg leave to assure you that this association has my warmest sympathy in the great work in which you are engaged of advancing primary education; and I would be gratified to have the association visit the Smithsonian, which, although not primarily an educational establishment, yet indirectly does service in that line.

Mr. MARBLE moved that the thanks of the department be tendered to Professor Henry for his expressions of sympathy and his invitation to visit the Smithsonian Institution.

The motion was unanimously adopted.

Mr. MARBLE. I move that Baron von Schwarz-Senborn, who has taken such an active and valuable part with us, be made an honorary member of the department of superintendence.

The motion was adopted unanimously..

Mr. JILLSON, of South Carolina, presented the following report: The committee on resolutions respectfully beg leave to report the following resolutions:

Resolved, That in the death of Hon. Milton B. Hopkins, late State-superintendent of public instruction of the State of Indiana, this department has lost an active and efficient member and the cause of common education a zealous advocate and an earnest and faithful friend.

Resolved, That the thanks of this department are due, and are hereby tendered, to Hon. B. G. Northrop, Dr. A. N. Bell, Hon. J. P. Wickersham, and Hon. John D. Philbrick, for the able and instructive papers read at this meeting.

Resolved, That the thanks of this department are especially due to Prof. Walter Smith for his very valuable paper on industrial drawing in the public schools.

Resolved, That the thanks of the department of superintendence are due to its president, J. Ormond Wilson, and his associate officers, for the comprehensive and well-arranged programme provided for this meeting and for the other general provisions made to secure its success.

Resolved, That the thanks of this department are especially due to the board of education of the city of Washington, for the excellent and generous arrangements made by them for this meeting.

Resolved, That the hearty thanks of the department are tendered to the representatives of the Washington press, for their full and accurate reports of the proceedings of this meeting.

Resolved, That the thanks of this department are tendered to Gov. A. R. Shepherd, for his courteous invitation to meet him, socially, this evening, at his residence.

Rev. O. A. BURGESS, president of Christian University, Indianapolis, Ind., spoke at some length in support of the resolution upon the death

of Hon. Milton B. Hopkins,* superintendent of public instruction for the State of Indiana. He gave a statement of his services during the two terms of his superintendency and paid a feeling tribute to the high character of the deceased. It is regretted that by accident no report was made of these remarks.

REMARKS OF GENERAL EATON ON THE DEATH OF HON. MILTON B. HOPKINS.

General EATON, in support of the same resolution, said:

The death of Mr. Hopkins is a sad reminder for us all. The resolution of respect for his memory and in sympathy with his friends has my most cordial support. Our first intercourse was through official correspondence. I never met him personally save when he was here in attendance upon the meeting of this department last winter. I shall never forget the deep and favorable impression the growth of this acquaintance made upon my mind. His manner in our intercourse was business-like, but it made one feel that he was engaged in a great business of vast consequences. Few understand what it is to take up the responsibilities devolving upon the executive officer of a State-school-system. The manner in which Mr. Hopkins took them up for Indiana, and met them as they rose, one by one, revealed to me a character that won my utmost respect. He was not hasty. He sought to repel no opportunity for good, but to receive and invite the co-operation of all means that could bring him aid. He apprehended and understood our relations as if by intuition; no explanation seemed to be necessary. Of strong purpose, full of forecast, reflective in his methods of thought, pushing steadily forward in his course, he had perhaps acquired, by some special experience, great facilities of adaptation. Deeply conscious of his responsibilities to God and man, his life was characterized by that zeal and fidelity which come only from a conscientious conviction of duty. His presence with us a year ago I think was enjoyed by all. We felt the weight of his suggestions and valued the conclusions of his judgment. Of sturdy frame, a strong mind, apparent good health, we little thought he would be the first of our number to be called away.

We do well to recall our memories of him, to emulate his virtues, to be warned by his death, and to extend our sympathies as an association to his family and others more directly and personally bereaved.

The president, Superintendent J. O. Wilson, submitted the following communication from the commissioner of Mexico:

No. 1536 I STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C.,
January 28, 1875.

SIR: It is known to you that I have been requested by the government of the re* Hon. Milton B. Hopkins, superintendent of public instruction of the State of Indiana, died suddenly at his residence in Kokomo, on the 16th of August, 1874, a few months before the expiration of his second term of office. Mr. Hopkins was born in Nicholas County, Kentucky, April 4, 1821. His father, Joseph Hopkins, a talented lawyer, practicing in Indiana and Kentucky, died when his son was 7 years of age. His mother married a farmer living in Indiana. He remained with his mother till 15 years of age. His stepfather refusing to send him to school, he left home, and after that time provided for himself. He secured a good common-school-education, and then supported himself by teaching, taking at the same time lessons in Greek and Latin from a clergyman. At 21 years of age he became a preacher, was afterward called to the bar, practicing as a lawyer for several years, but ultimately was persuaded to return to the pulpit. Although preaching acceptably for many years, he was also, during most of his life, a teacher, and taught in all grades of schools, district-school, high school, academy, and, finally, college. While president of Howard College, he was elected, in 1870, for a term of two years, State-superintendent of public instruction, and was re-elected in 1872.

public of Mexico, which I represent here in the Commission of Mexican and American Claims, to make some inquiries with regard to the school-system adopted in this country and to the progress it has attained in public instruction.

I am happy to acknowledge that, to a very great extent, it is owing to your kind assistance that I may consider myself as already somewhat advanced in my inquiries concerning this subject.

But with as favorable an opportunity as that afforded by the national convention of school-superintendents, and other persons interested in the cause of education, which is at present holding its sessions in Washington, I should not feel as having done full justice to a subject so pre-eminently important, if I should not make an effort to further extend my investigations and to direct them more particularly to certain points, concerning which they are not yet fully completed.

Will you, therefore, permit me to ask, as a particular favor, that you will make yourself the organ through whom I may take the liberty of addressing myself to the gentlemen representing the different States and Territories of this Union, begging of them that, provided it should not cause too great an inconvenience, they would be pleased to indicate to me, and thereby to enable me to procure those publications by the aid of which it will be possible for me to ascertain

1. What is the course of studies and methods adopted in the primary schools of the various States and Territories represented in the convention?

2. To what extent has "object-teaching" been developed in those schools?

3. What are the normal institutions out of which they receive their teachers and professors, or by what means is this corps of public teachers recruited?

I beg that you will, in my name, assure the gentlemen members of the convention that whatever information their kindness and their interest in favor of human progress will induce them to communicate will be received as a special favor.

With renewed expressions of my sincerest regard, I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Hon. J. ORMOND WILSON,

MANUEL DE ZAMACONA.

President of the National Convention of School-Saperiætendents.

The department then adjourned to meet subject to the call of the officers, after which the members, with their ladies, proceeded to the residence of ex-Governor Shepherd, corner Connecticut avenue and K street. On reaching the residence of Governor Shepherd they were ushered into the parlor, where the governor and his lady, Secretary Delano, Commissioners Dennison, Ketcham, and Phelps received the visitors. After this ceremony the visitors were entertained for an hour or more in social converse, after which they were invited into the dining room, where a sumptuous banquet was spread.

Mrs. Shepherd was untiring in her efforts to make her guests enjoy themselves, as was also the governor, who made the occasion one of the most pleasant character. After an hour or more had been consumed around the board, the visitors returned to the parlor, where they bade the governor and his lady adieu and departed.

Among those present, in addition to the members of the convention, were ex-Governor H. D. Cooke, Rev. J. Vaughn Lewis, Professor Hilgard, A. R. Spofford, Dr. Gallaudet, Professor Chickering, W. W. Curtis, H. A. Willard, and Hon. C. A. Harmer.

On the morning of the 29th such of the members of the association as remained in the city met at Willard's Hotel and at the Bureau of Edu

cation, and proceeded to visit the Smithsonian Institution, where they were most cordially received by Professor Henry, who accompanied them through the museums and explained most fully the operations of the Institution in its publications and system of world-wide exchanges, the objects of the various collections, and the plans of the Institution for increased usefulness. In response to inquiries the professor gave a brief history of the Institution, which was of great interest. A couple of hours were passed most pleasantly in listening to explanations of the Institution and its collections, and then, with many thanks for his courtesy, the visitors paid their adieus to their distinguished host.

APPENDIX A.

Information of the action of the department in appointing a committee of conference was immediately forwarded to Hon. Mr. Goshorn, director-general of the International Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, who replied as follows:

"INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

"1876.

"UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION,
"OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL,
“Philadelphia, January 29, 1875.

"MY DEAR SIR: Your note of 28th instant is received. I shall be pleased to confer with the committee of the National Educational Association any day next week you may name. Please advise me of the day and hour that will suit the convenience of

the gentlemen.

"Yours truly,

"Hon. JOHN EATON,

"A. T. GOSHORN, Director-General.

"Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C."

It was convenient for four members of the committee, namely, Messrs. Wickersham, Philbrick, Abernethy, and Eaton, to meet in Philadelphia, Wednesday, February 3. After a discussion of the subject committed to them among themselves, they met Hon. Mr. Goshorn at the rooms of the Centennial Commission, and had a full, free, and very satisfactory conference upon the whole subject of the representation of education in the Exposition.

The committee called attention to the action of the department of superintendence of the National Educational Association at the meeting a year ago, which recommended:

(1) That each State and Territory be invited to prepare a representation of its educational condition for the Centennial.

(2) That each State and Territory also be invited to prepare a historical record of its educational progress for the same purpose.

(3) That each city be invited to act with the State-authorities in preparing such records and that it present an exhibit of its own educational growth and condition. (4) That each educational institution be invited to participate in the same way. (5) That a census be taken in 1875. That the Commissioner of Education be requested, on behalf of the educators of this country, to correspond with the prominent educators of the world, and invite their co-operation in the matter of the Centennial. (6) That an international educational congress be held in connection with the Centennial.

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