NATIONALITY OF UNITED STATES, when began, 33, 40. feeling of, a growth, 41. not perfectly defined during confederation, 41, by the preamble, 63, 64. by the Xth Amendment, 67, 68. by the proprietorship of public lands, 69, 70. by the executive powers, 71. by the judicial powers, 71, 72. by the power of Amendment, 72-79. theory of, adopted by the Supreme Court, 79. power of Congress over, 337-340. what is, 338. 42. the power over, exclusively in Congress, 338, 339. bridges over, 306, 307. NAVIGATION LAWS, 333, 334. NAVY, provisions for, 381. what includes, 383. NEGOTIATIONS, FOREIGN. (See FOREIGN RELATIONS.) NEW HAMPSHIRE, first Constitution of, 37. NEW JERSEY, first Constitution of, 37. NOBILITY, no title of nobility granted, 440. OATH OF OFFICE, of President, effect of, 560, 561. OBLIGATION, of contracts, not to be impaired, 441-530, 657, 658, 662. what is, 487. in the Roman law, 487, 488. is the bond of the law, 488. is created by the law, 489. leading case on, 490. illustrated, 491. same in contracts with states, and with private persons, 492. OBLIGATION (continued). what state laws impair, 493-530. meaning of "impair," 494. when laws apply to terms of a contract, 495-500. between private parties, and when state is a party, 495, 496. insolvent laws passed subsequent to contract, 497. when passed prior to the contract, 498. effect of insolvent laws discussed, 497. laws taking away remedies, 508. statutes of limitation, 509. laws abolishing imprisonment for debt, 510. OFFICE, terms of, 142. (See REMEDIAL RIGHTS.) appointments to, not contracts, 447–450. power of appointment to, 542-557. removal from, 547-558. distinction between "office" and "employment," 450. OFFICERS, of Congress, how appointed, 141. of United States, liability of, for acts under void laws, 168. OFFICIAL PERSONS, sanctions applicable to, 84, 99. ORTOLAN, (See CRIMES.) on surrender of sovereignty, 39. definition of piracy, 362. PAPER CURRENCY, power to issue, 217. PARDONS, power to grant, 572-584. definition, 573. granted by king or parliament, 573. extent of President's power, 575–584. may grant any known in the English law, 575-577. PARDONS (continued). before conviction, 578, 579. validity of general pardon placed at rest, 582, 583. cannot limit power of President, 583, 584. tax on, 259, 297, 314. (See POLICE REGULATIONS.) PATENT AND COPYRIGHTS, power of Congress over, 355, 356. PECK, JUDGE, impeachment of, 605. PEOPLE, possess political sovereignty, 5. PETITION, right to assemble and, 148. PICKERING, JUDGE, impeachment of, 604. PILOTAGE FEES, 673. PINHEIRO-FERREIRA, on surrender of sovereignty, 40. PIRACIES, what are, 361, 362. power of Congress over, 360, 365. power extends to defining, 363. POLICE, regulations, what are, 4. power of states to impose, 275-337. right of states to control sale of intoxicating liquor, 181, 182. nothing in XIVth Amendment prohibits, 276. taxing passengers by states invalid, 259, 297, 314. right of state to regulate gas companies, 658. (See COMMERCE.) POLITICAL CONDITION of the colonies, 34. POLITICAL LAW, embraces what, 6, 7. divisions of, 8. general, not treated of, 9. POLITICAL SOVEREIGNTY, what, 4, 5, 27–30. power of a nation to reign, 39. POSTAL SERVICE, power of Congress over, 353-355. what included in, 353. extent of power over, 354, 355. POST-ROADS, what, 354. POWER OF AMENDMENT, 72–76. POWERS OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. (See EXECUTIVE; JUDICIAL; LEGISLATIVE; LIMITATIONS.) of the Constitution, effect of, 63, 64. of Confederate Constitution, 65. PRESENTS, from foreign governments, 440. PRESIDENT, his power to interpret the Constitution, 92, 93. power to interpret discussed, 559. method of choosing, 128-133. changes in method of choosing, 130, 131. qualifications of, 141, 142. term of office four years, 142. acts of, how questioned by courts, 536. how far independent of Congress, 537, 538. functions of, depending in whole or in part on statutes, 538-540. his power to appoint officers, 542-558. power to execute laws, 558-563. power over foreign relations, 563-572. power to recommend measures, 584-588. discretion of, in executing laws, 558, 559. may not judge of the validity of laws, 558-563. effect of his oath of office, 561. when may disregard a law, 562. PRESS, (See EXECUTIVE POWERS.) freedom of, protected, 148. PRIVATE CORPORATIONS. (See CORPORATIONS.) PRIVATE LAW, divisions of, 1. what embraces, 3. its relations to the state, 4. PRIVATE PROPERTY, how taken for public use, 149, 166. right of eminent domain over, 167, 168. cannot be taken under color of law for private purpose, 166. PROCESS OF LAW. (See DUE PROCESS.) PUBLIC LAW, what embraces, 2, 3. relations to the state, 4. divisions of, 4. PUNISHMENTS, cruel and unjust, forbidden, 149. different kinds on account of race, prohibited, 199. infamous, defined, 670, 674. QUALIFICATIONS, of electors of representatives not controlled by United States gov- ernment, 134, 135. of officers, 141, 142. QUARANTINE FEES, not a regulation of commerce, 673. RAILROAD, as post-roads, 334, 335. RATIFICATION, of the Constitution, 58. RECOMMEND MEASURES, power of President to, 584-588. object and extent of, 585, 586. practical abuse of power to, 586, 587. REGULATION, of commerce, 269-337. (See COMMERCE.) |