9 Lecture XXIV.-INSANITY continued. Aid which Phrenology is calculated to afford in the medical, and more especially in the moral treatment. Phrenological analysis of cases of insanity which occur in Courts of Law. Several of these inexplicable, except on Phrenological principles. Examples. Lecture XXV.-Influence of cerebral development on natural dispositions and talents of individuals. Development of Reverend Mr MARTIN, and of D. HAGART Contrasted, and their dispositions compared. Casts of the heads of other individuals, with notices of their natural dispositions and talents. Lecture XXVI. On the differences in national character. Effects of external circumstances,-climate,-government,-and development of brain. The latter hitherto wholly overlooked. Its influence great. The character and heads of Europeans, Hindoos, Malays, New Hollanders, Negroes, and Aboriginal Americans compared. Lecture XXVII-How is natural character to be improved? EDUCATION. Development of brain hereditary. Examples. Advantages of education twofold. First, It communicates knowledge: Second, It cultivates powers. Most efficient mode of cultivating mental powers. Importance of cultivating feelings. Phrenology, by enabling us to trace motives, affords facilities in doing so. Illustrations. Aid afforded by Phrenology, in determining situations which different individuals are fitted to fill. Illustrations. Concluding observations. The Brain will be dissected in the course of the Lectures, and the Correspondence betwixt its Structure and Functions pointed out. THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL. No IX. ARTICLE I. ON THE SENTIMENT OF VENERATION.* In surveying the appearances of human society, two circumstances hold a prominent place, of which a very inadequate explanation is given by the prevalent philosophy,—the universality of religious worship, and the submission of the many to the few. It has been well said by an ancient philosopher,† that " no nation is to be found so utterly destitute of law and morals, as not to believe in gods of some kind or other." Wherever, indeed, we turn, or whatever period of history we observe, the belief of a Superior Being, a certain awe regarding his character and power,-a desire to conciliate his regard and to avert his anger,-are invariably manifesting themselves in private and in public worship; which is fervent, generally, in a degree entitling it to the character of a passion, and strong even in death, after having cheered the season of trial, and heightened the pleasures of prosperity, is found losing its hold on the human heart only in the hour of its dissolution. Men of all characters, too, are observed * We are indebted to Mr James Bridges for the following interesting communication.-EDITOR. + Seneca, VOL. III.-No IX. A yielding to its impulses. The cruel and the kind-hearted, the careless and the wary, the ambitious and the contented, the sanguine and the despondent, the proud and the humble, the grave and the gay, the covetous and the liberal, the grandest minds and the feeblest,—all are found, throughout their lives, or at intervals, bowing more or less before the majesty of a God. And as no original difference of disposition thus is to be found which excludes this striking appearance, so neither is it shut out by any variety of the circumstances, in which human beings are placed. It holds equal sway over the king and the beggar, the philosopher and the savage, the poet and the man of business, the soldier and the citizen, the gamester, the thief, the idler, the active. No combination of circumstances, however unfavourable, can extinguish this master principle; which, like the latent heat of the chemists, is found lurking even in the iciest bosoms. It further is observable, that while thus universal in its action, the intensity of the principle bears no fixed relation to any of the other circumstances in human society with which it is found in combination. Luxury, rudeness, knowledge, ignorance, peace, war, plenty, famine, may exist in any given degree; and the principle of devotion shall yet manifest itself in one degree or another. In particular it is to be ob served, that the prevalent warmth of religious feeling bears no proportion to the degree in which philosophical speculations and the exercise of the reasoning powers are prosecuted for though it will be found, that a reflecting mind forms the best receptacle for true piety, the warmth of the feeling neither is caused by that habit of thought, nor always accompanies it. toms. The disposition, likewise, it is to be observed, manifests itself in an almost endless variety of rational and irrational cusWhile with us, it has settled upon one Being who is infinite, eternal, and glorious in his whole attributes, to whom a pure offering is made; with other nations and at |