58. Several rivers of the Virginias which discharge into the Gulf. 59. The coast of a very fine country inhabited by Savages who cultivate it. 60. Point Comfort. 61. Immestan (James town.) 62. Chesapeacq Bay. 63. 64. Bedabedec; [Pemaquid ?] the west coast of the river of Pemetegoet. [Penobscot.] Beautiful Prairies 65. The Place in Lake Champlain, where the Yroquois were defeated by said Sieur Champlain, in the year 1606. 66. Little Lake by which we go to the Yroquois after passing that of Champlain. 67. Bay des Trepasséz, Newfoundland. 68. Chappeau Rouge. 69. Bay du Sainte Esprit. [Bay of Fortune.] 70. The Virgins. 71. Port Breton, near Cape St. Lawrence in Cape Breton Island. 72. The Bergeronnettes, three leagues below Tadoussac. 73. Cape d'Espoir near Percée Island. [Now sometimes printed Cape Despair.] 74. Forillon at Gaspé point. 75. Island of Mont-real at Sault St. Louis in the River Saint Lawrence. 76. River des Prairies, which flows from a lake at Sault St. Louis, where there are two Islands, of which that of Mont-real is one. Trade was carried on with the Indians there several years. 77. Chaudière Rapid on the river of the Algommequins [Ottawa] which has a fall of 18 feet high; it runs through rocks where it makes a great roar. 78. Lake of Nibachis, an Indian Chief who resides there and cultivates a little patch of ground where he plants Indian corn. 79. Eleven lakes, one near the other, containing 1, 2 and 3 leagues; abounding in fish and game. The Indians sometimes take this route to avoid the Calumet Rapid, which is very dangerous. A portion of these places is loaded with pines which discharge a quantity of resin. 80. Rapid of Calumet rock which is like alabaster. 81. Island of Tesouac, an Algonkin Chief where the Indians pay tribute to be allowed to pass to Quebec. 82. Tesoauc river where there are five rapids to pass. 83. River by which several Indians go to the sea north of the Saguenay, and to Three Rivers, making some portage overland. 84. Lakes by which people go to the North Sea. 85. River which flows to the North Sea. 86. Country of the Hurons, so called by the French, where there are a number of tribes and 17 villages inclosed with triple palisades of wood, with galleries all around in form of parapet, to defend themselves from their enemies. This country is in latitude 44 degrees and a half, very good, and the land is cultivated by the Indians. 87. Portage of a league, over which canoes are carried. 88. River which discharges into the Mer douce. 89. Village enclosed by 4 pallisades, where Sieur Champlain went to war against the Antouhonorons, where he took several Indian prisoners. 90. Very high waterfall at the head of Sault (qu. Lake?) St. Louis; descending which various sorts of fishes become dizzy. [Niagara.] 91. Small river near the Chaudiere rapid, where there is a waterfall nearly 20 fathoms high, which throws the water in such a volume and with such velocity, that it forms a very high arch, under which the savages pass for amusement without being wet; a thing pleasant to behold. 92. This river is very fine, and passes through a number of beautiful lakes and meadows by which it is bordered; a number of islands of various lengths and widths; abounding in deer and other animals; very good fishing of excellent fish, quantity of very good cleared lands, which have been abandoned by the savages on account of their wars. This River discharges into lake St. Louis, and divers Nations pass into these countries to hunt for their winter supplies. [River Trent, Canada West.] 93. Chestnut woods, where there are a great many chestnuts on the shore of lake St. Louis and numbers of meadows, vines and hickories. [Oswego.] 94. Species of salt water lakes at the head of la Baie Francoise, [B. of Fundy.] reached by the flux and reflux of the tide. There are islands with a number of birds and a quantity of meadows in those parts. Into these sorts of lakes discharge small rivers by which one can reach the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the Island of St. John. 95. Isle Haute, one league in circumference, flat on the top, where there is fresh water and plenty of timber; one league distant from Port aux Mines and Cape des deux Bayes. It is more than 40 toises high on all sides, except one place which slopes where there is a triangular rocky point, and in the middle a pond of salt water and a number of birds that build their nests in this Island. River of the Algomequins. [Ottawa.] From Sault St. Louis to near the lake of the Bisserens, there there are more than 80 Rapids big and little, to be passed, either by land or by force of oars, or by towing on land by ropes. Some of these Rapids are very dangerous, especially coming down. PETUN NATION is a tribe that cultivates that plant [Tobacco] in which they drive a considerable trade with the other nations. They have large villages, enclosed with timber and plant Indian corn.1 CHEVEUX RELEVEZ, are savages which do not wear a breech cloth and go quite naked except in winter when they cloth themselves in skins, which they lay aside going from home into the interior. They are great hunters, fishermen and voyageurs, cultivate the soil and plant Indian corn; dry blue and straw 1 Called by the French Quieunontates, Kionontates, or Tionontates; by the English, Dionondadies. It was one of the five confederated Huron Tribes. After the destruction of the Hurons by the Iroquois in 1649, a remnant of the Dionondadies took refuge among the Chippeways of Lake Superior, and are referred to in Dongan's time as in the vicinity of Michilimakinac. They removed afterwards to Detroit and are found in 1721, taking a leading part in the councils of the western tribes. berries, in which they carry on a great trade with the other tribes, from whom they get in exchange, peltries, wampum, thread (filets) and other commodities. Some of these tribes pierce the nose from which they hang beads; cut the body in rays to which they apply charcoal and other colours; wear the hair very erect, which they grease and paint red as well as their faces. 1 THE NEUTRAL NATION, is a tribe which maintains itself against all others and has no war except against the Assistaque-ronons. It is very powerful having forty villages thickly peopled." THE ANTOUHO-NORONS are 15 villages built in strong positions; enemies of all others except the Neutral nation; their country is fine and in a good climate near the river St Lawrence, the passage of which they block to all other nations, the consequence of which is that it is less frequented. They cultivate and plant their lands. THE YROQUOIS and the Antouhonorons make war together against all the other nations, except the Neutral nation. CARANTOU ANIS is a nation to the south of the Antouhonorons in a very beautiful and rich country, where they are strongly lodged, and are friends with all the other nations except the Antouhonorons, from whom they are only three days distant. They formerly took prisoners from the Dutch, whom they sent back without doing them any injury, believing they were French men. From Lake St. Louis to Sault St. Louis, which is the great river St. Lawrence, there are five rapids; quantity of beautiful 1 Sagart calls this tribe, the Andatahouats, who wear their hair topped up in front, "more erect than a lady's peruke." 2 The Neutral Nation were called Attiuoïndas by the French. They were four or five days journey, says Sagart, south of the Quieunontates. Champlain locates them on the south shore of Lake Erie; but in subsequent maps they are laid down on the north shore. Sagart estimates the number of their warriors, in 1625, at 5 to 6,000, and says their country was nearly one hundred leagues in extent. The Assistagué-eronnons were called, also, the "Fire Nation;" Seesta, or Assista signifying, in the Huron tongue, fire, and Eronnons, Nation or People. This nation was located in the country near the Great Lakes, where Charlevoix t. I., 447, mentions a tribe under the name of Mascontins, or Nation du Feu. In 1721, they were found in Wisconsin and the north of Illinois. The name Mascontin signifies literally, a Prairie. See Gallatin's Synopsis, 61. lakes and fine islands; the country agreeable and abounding in hunting and fishing; fit to be settled were it not for the wars the Indians have the one against the other. The Mer douce is a vast lake in which are an infinite number of Islands; it is very deep and abounds with fish of all sorts and of a monstrous size which are caught at divers times and seasons as in the wide ocean. The south coast is much more agreeable than the north, where there is a quantity of rocks and a great many Elk (Caribou.) Lake Bisserenis is very handsome having a circumference of 25 leagues and a number of islands full of trees, and meadows where the savages camp to fish in the river for sturgeon, pike and carp of monstrous size and very excellent; they are caught in quantities; game is also very abundant there, though the country is not very agreeable on account of the rocks in most places. For the localities occupied by the several tribes above mentioned the reader is referred to Champlain's Map, accompanying this Vol. |